IHE 


KIN 


mamtmmammmmtmmmitammMtaKH 


MAUB  W.MYMONI) 


BV  2610  .R3  1913 

Raymond,  Maud  Mary  (Wotring) 

1868- 
The  King's  business 


THE  SUPREME   CALL 
TO  CHRISTIAN  WOMEN  OF  NORTH  AMERICA 


REQUIRED    AT   ONCE 
1  2,0  O  O 
UNMARRIED  WOMEN  MISSIONARIE 


2  2^2 

NOW  ON  THE  FIELD 


"If  thou  draw  out  thy  soul  to  the  hungry 
Then  Shall  Thy  Light  Rise.  " 


(Is.  Iviii.  10) 


The  KING'S  Business 

A  STUDY  OF 
INCREASED    EFFICIENCY    FOR 
WOMEN'S  MISSIONARY  SOCIETIES 


BY  ,       . 

MAUD    WOTRING    RAYMOND 


*"The  King  hath  commanded  me  a  business; 

....  the  King's  business  requireth  haste'''' 


PUBLISHED  BY 

W^  Central  Committee  on  t!)p  ^niteb  S>tubp  ot  Jforeign  illigsftonsf 


Copyright,  April,  1913 


CENTRAL    COMMITTEE    ON    THE    UNITED 
STUDY    OF    FOREIGN    MISSIONS 


Frank  Wood,  Printer 
Boston,  Mass. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Page 


FOREWORD 


IV 


CHAPTER  L 

The  King's  Business ;  its  Magnitude  and  Importance  3 

CHAPTER  II. 

Campaigning    for    the    King.       (Organization    and 

Methods  of  Women's   Boards)      ...         48 

CHAPTER  III. 

The  Resources  of  the  King's  Army.  (Organization 
and  Methods  for  State,  District  and  Local 
Societies)     •••....         92 


CHAPTER  IV. 

Drilling    the    King's    Army.       (Education    and 

Pfayer) 135 


CHAPTER  V. 

The  King's  Treasury.    (Finance)  .  .  .       216 

CHAPTER  VI. 

The  Unity  of  the  Kingdom.     (Interdenominational)        255 


FOREWORD 

In  response  to  requests  from  several  Boards  the  Central 
Committee  on  the  United  Study  of  Foreign  Missions  issues 
this  j^ear  a  text-book  which  will  prove  a  needed  aid  to  all 
woman's  missionary  societies  in  the  knowledge  of  their 
own  Board  work.  A  glance  at  chapter  headings  reveals 
the  scope  of  the  book.  Only  a  careful  reading  will  indi- 
cate its  value;  the  method  of  applying  its  teachings  ;  and 
its  connection  with  annual  reports  and  literature  issued 
by  Boards.  Mrs.  Raymond  has  met  the  need  for  a  clearer 
understanding  of  organization,  business  methods,  greater 
economy  and  efficiency,  stewardship,  federation  and  the 
hidden  springs  of  prayer. 

The  charts  for  the  book  and  the  set  of  beautiful  posters 
were  made  by  Bertha  Bennett  and  Edith  Thomson.  Mrs. 
Helen  Barrett  Montgomery  has  rendered  valuable  service 
in  the  arrangement  of  the  book  and  revision  of  proofs. 

Central  Committee  on  the  united  study 
OF  FOREIGN  Missions. 

Mrs.  Henry  W.  Peabody. 
Miss  E.  Harriet  Stanwood. 
Mrs.  Decatur  M.  Sawyer. 
Mrs.  Frank  Mason  North. 
Miss  Rachel  Lowrie. 
Mrs.  a.  V.  Pohlman. 
Miss  Olivia  H.  Lawrence. 
Miss  Grace  T.  Colburn. 


CHAPTER   I. 


THE    KING'S    BUSINESS 


OUTLINE   OF   CHAPTER   t 

Aim :  To  present  missions  as  the  supreme  duty  of 
Christian  women  to  the  non-Christian  world.  To  define 
the  task,  the  resources  for  dealing  with  it,  and  the  re- 
sponsibility of  every  individual  in  meeting  it. 

I.     Introduction  |  Missions,  The  King's  Business, 
i.  Woman's  Part  in  It. 
II,     Woman's  Labor  Necessary  to  Social  Welfare. 

1.  The   changing   order    necessitates    change   of 

labor. 

2.  Social  service  highest  form  of  effort. 

3.  Missions  highest  form  of  social  service. 

III.     Christian   Women    Owe  the   Gospel  of   Christ   to 
Non-Christian  Lands  Because  of 
TAe  Need. 

1.  It  is  the  only  force  to  make  conditions  tolera- 

ble for  women  and  children. 

2.  These  conditions  inevitably  affect  the  devel- 

opment of  women  and  of  the  race, — 
{a)  physically,  {b)  mentally,  (c)  morally. 
The  Obltgatio7i. 

3.  Christian  women  owe  the  source  of  all  their 

privileges  to  all  women  without  it. 
The  Opporitcftiiy. 

4.  Woman  has  a  definite  share  in  world  evan- 

gelization. 
{a)    Its    numbers,    (3)    the    missionary  force 
needed,   (c)  the  financial  support  needed. 

5.  It  is  a  work  only  women  can  do. 

6.  It  is  a  task  possible  of  achievement. 
Enumeration  of  resources. 

7.  In  this  task  there  is  a  share  for  every  woman. 


IV.     The  Subjective  Appeal. 

We  need  this  service  individually  : — 

1.  For  the  soul's  life  in  Christ. 

2.  For  the  soul's  communion  with  Christ. 

3.  For  the  soul's  conception  of  Christ. 
We  need  this  service  collectively  : — 

1.  As  the  largest  ground  of  unity. 

2.  As  the  largest  spiritual  challenge. 


CHAPTER  I 

THE    king's     business  :    ITS    MAGNITUDE    AND 
IMPORTANCE 

The  supreme  duty  and  privilege  of  the  Chris- 
tian Church  is  to  complete  the  work  which  its 
Founder  began.  Its  aim  and  motive  can  be  no 
higher  than  His.  They  should  be  no  lower.  Its 
purpose  will  be  attained  only  when  His  purpose 
is  realized  in  a  united  humanity,  reconciled  to 
God  through  Himself,  every  need  met  in  Him, 
every  longing  satisfied. 

No  student  of  the  meaning  and  message  of  His   Tfce  World 
life  can  be   lone   in   doubt  as  to  the  scope  of  His   ^^^pose 
purpose.      "Wist  ye  not  that  I  must  be  about  my   °  ' 

Father's  business?"  That  query  in  the  early 
dawn  of  His  life  expressed  His  dominant  passion 
until  its  close, — and  beyond,  projected  into  the 
future  in  the  lives  of  those  who  must  fulfill  and 
complete  His  mission. 

"For  God  so  loved  the  world  that  He  gave  his 
only  son."  "I  came  to  save  the  world.'' ^  "I 
am  the  light  of  the  world. '^  "The  bread  which 
I  will  give  is  my  flesh,  for  the  life  of  the  world.'''' 
"Other  sheep  I  have  which  are  not  of  this  fold: 
them  also  I  must  bring."  "That  they  may  be 
one,  even  as  we  are  one ;  that  the  world  may 
know  that  thou  didst  send  me  and   lovedst  them, 


The  King's  Business 


First 
Century- 
Fulfil  Iment. 


AVoman's 
Part  in  It. 


even  as  thou   lovedst  me."      "Go   ye    therefore, 
and  make  disciples  of  all  the  nations." 

The  early  Church  recognized  and  accepted  its 
inherent  world-mission  and  to  a  greater  degree 
than  any  later,  the  first  century  attempted  and 
accomplished  literal  world  evangelization.  "Its 
life  and  light  convinced  men,"  says  Mr.  Speer, 
"because  men  saw  them  conquering  the  world. 
The  Church  was  established  to  spread  Christian- 
ity and,  when  in  any  age  or  in  any  land  she  has 
forgotten  this,  she  has  paid  for  her  disobedience. 
So  long  as  there  are  any  unreached  men  in  the 
world  or  any  unreached  life,  the  business  of  the 
Church  is  her  missionary  duty."  ("Christianity 
and  the  Nations.") 

In  this  work  women  have  always  shared, — too 
many,  even  in  the  earliest  days,  to  mention  by 
name;  their  faith  and  works  have  been  told  as  a 
memorial  of  them  throughout  the  world.  Our 
series  of  text-books  records  the  story,  beginning 
with  Bertha  and  Ethelberga  and  stanch  old 
Brigida,  standing  side  by  side  with  St.  Patrick 
in  the  affection  of  the  whole  Celtic  race.  Grad- 
ually there  developed  parts  of  the  work  for  which 
women  were  peculiarly  fitted,  and  so  it  came 
about  that  women's  societies,  local  and  national, 
were  organized  at  home,  and  women  missionaries 
in  increasing  numbers  were  commissioned  and 
sent  throughout  the  world.  The  time  was 
Divinely  chosen.  Not  only  did  the  Church  need 
the  service  that  was  given   and  the   distinct   and 


Its  Magnitude  and  Importance  5 

diverse  qualities  which  women  were  capable  of 
contributing,  but  to  the  women  themselves  the 
self-expression  that  it  furnished  had  become  a 
vital  necessity.  An  entire  readjustment  of 
woman's  relation  to  life  was  taking  place.  New 
outlooks  on  the  great  world  were  opening  before 
her,  wonderful  new  vistas  of  power  and  oppor- 
tunity; undreamed  fields  of  labor  were  becoming 
hers  along  every  other  channel  of  interest  and 
activity.  Since  woman's  clearest  response  is 
always  to  the  stir  of  spiritual  forces,  there  could 
have  been  no  free  spiritual  development, — that 
entire  side  of  her  nature  would  have  been 
thwarted  and  atrophied, — if  it  had  failed  to  find 
an  outlet  not  only  in  local  and  more  circumscribed 
philanthropies,  but  in  a  world-large  effort  to 
meet  a  world-wide  need. 

If  we,  the  women  of  the  more  favored  races  of  Necessity  of 
the   twentieth    century,    to   whom    the    changing  Task  Ade- 
order  has  given  large  new  leisure  by  releasing  us   ^"**®  *° 
from  old  forms  of  labor  and  service,  would  be  as 
discerning   of  the   message   of  our  environment, 
then  we,  too,  must  find  wider  fields  of  learning 
and   of   labor  that  will   contribute    in  some  vital 
way   to   the   well-being   and   uplift   of   the   race, 
— this  is  the  note  of  challenge  that  is  sounded  by 
more  than  one  writer  of  our  day. 

Almost    countless    culture    clubs    have    indeed   Study  of 
attested   in  the  past  the  aspiration  of   the  women   Club  Women, 
of  America  toward  something  that  will  lift  their 
leisure  moments  out  of  the   realm   of  the   trivial 


6 


The  King's  Business 


and  the  commonplace;  but  sooner  or  later  there 
comes  to  the  earnest  and  candid  seeker  the  reali- 
zation that  self-culture  pursued  for  selfish  ends  is 
never  real  culture.  True  culture  comes  in  the 
guise  of  self-renunciation.  The  club  woman  was 
not  slow  to  recognize  this  principle.  For  hun- 
dreds of  years  women  have  lived  and  thought  for 
others.  The  habit  of  service  is  strong  within 
them,  and,  given  favorable  and  fostering  circum- 
stances, will  always  assert  itself.  When  domestic 
demands  upon  them  lessened,  family  boundaries 
widened  to  include  the  community,  the  state,  the 
nation  of  which  their  individual  homes  were  a 
part.  Clubs  in  which  culture  was  made  an  end 
in  itself  soon  broadened  by  adding  departments 
of  philanthropy  and  social  effort,  until  those 
existing  for  cultural  purposes  only  are  now 
almost  a  rarity,  while  the  national  program  of 
the  General  Federation  of  Women's  Clubs,  with 
its  varied  departments  touching  many  phases  of 
human  welfare,  is  evidence  that  here  a  large 
body  of  women  have  found  themselves  in  pro- 
moting happier  conditions  for  others.  What 
ends  are  these  women  seeking?  Rhita  Childe 
Dorr  in  ''What  Eight  Million  Women  Want" 
thus  analyzes  them: — 


Tte  Inter-  Not  only  in  the  United    States   but  in  every  civilized 

national  country,  have   women    associated    themselves   with   the 

Council  object   of   reforming  what  seems   to  them  social  chaos, 

of  Women.        Tn  practically  every  civilized    country  in   the  world    to- 
day there  exists  a  Council   of  Women,  a  central  organ- 


Its  Magnitude  and  Importance  7 

ization  to  which  clubs  and  societies  of  women  with  all 
sorts  of  opinions  and  objects  send  delegates.  In  the 
United  States,  the  Council  is  made  up  of  the  General 
Federation  of  Women's  Clubs,  the  Woman's  Christian 
Temperance  Union,  the  National  Congress  of  Mothers, 
the  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution  and  many 
other  organizations.  More  than  a  million  and  a  half 
American  women  are  affiliated.  In  all,  the  Interna- 
tional Council  of  Women,  to  which  all  the  councils 
send  delegates,  represents  more  than  eight  million 
women. 

What  eight  million  of  the  most  intelligent,  the  most  What 
thoughtful,  the  most  altruistic  women  in  the  world  "Women 
believe,  what  they  think  the  world  needs,  what  they  Want, 
wish  and  desire  for  the  good  of  humanity,  must  be  of 
interest.  It  must  count.  .  .  .  The  woman  mind  is  the 
most  unchangeable  thing  in  the  world.  It  has  turned 
on  identically  the  same  pivot  since  the  present  race 
began, — perhaps  before.  Turn  back  and  count  over  the 
club  women's  achievements,  the  things  they  have  chosen 
to  do,  the  things  they  want.  Observe  first  of  all  that 
they  want  very  little  for  themselves.  Even  their  politi- 
cal liberty  they  want  only  because  it  will  enable  them 
to  get  other  things — things  needed,  directly  or  indirectly, 
by  children.  Most  of  the  things  are  directly  needed, — 
playgrounds,  school  gardens,  child  labor  laws,  and  other 
visible  tokens  of  child  concern.  Many  of  the  other 
things  are  indirectly  needed  by  children, — ten-hour 
working  days,  seats  for  shop  girls,  protection  from 
dangerous  machinery,  living  wages,  opportunities  for 
safe  and  wholesome  pleasures,  peace  and  arbitration, 
social  purity,  legal  equality  with  men,  all  objects  which 
tend  to  conserve  the  future  mothers  of  children.  These 
are  the  things  women  want. 

Women  who  are  free,  who  look  on  life  through  their 
own  eyes,  who  think  their  own  thoughts,  who  live 
in    the    real    world    of    striving,    struggling,    suffering 


8 


The  King's  Business 


Mission 
Service  the 
Supreme 
Social 
Service. 


humanity,  are  the  most  effective  mothers  that  ever 
lived.  They  know  how  to  care  for  their  own  children, 
and,  more  than  that,  they  know  how  to  care  for  the 
community's  children.  Women  will  not  tolerate  vio- 
lence. They  loathe  waste.  They  cannot  bear  to  see 
illness  and  suffering  and  starvation.  Woman's  place  is 
home,  but  home  is  the  community.  Woman's  work  is 
race  preservation  and  race  improvement. 

Moreover,  the  woman  who  has  learned  to  think 
in  terms  of  humanity  knows  that  humanity  means 
the  world.  She  knows  that  all  fairness  and 
justice  demand  that  we  shall  seek  for  all  women 
the  happier  conditions  which  we  feel  that  the 
women  of  our  own  land  must  have.  She  knows 
that  we  cannot  uplift  the  womanhood  of  the  world 
by  any  effort  that  stops  short  with  the  women  of 
America.  Our  sister  next  door  and  our  sister 
across  the  way  have  sore  need  of  us.  But  what  of 
our  sister  on  the  other  side  of  the  sea,  to  whom  our 
blackest  night  is  as  the  brightening  twilight  that 
precedes  the  dawn.?  There  is  no  injustice  which 
women  suffer  here  which  is  not  a  far  heavier 
burden  there.  Every  wrong  that  we  know  in 
Christian  countries  is  intensified  and  multiplied 
many  times  in  non-Christian  lands.  *^One  may 
safely  say,"  affirms  W.  T.  Ellis,  ''that  there  is 
not  a  social  problem  in  the  West  which  may  not 
be  found  existing  more  widely  and  in  accentuated 
form  in  the  Orient." 

The  logical  climax  to  the  American  woman's 
program  of  service,  then,  is  this:  That  the 
women  of   Christian   lands  should   pledge   them- 


Its  Magnitude  and  Importance  9 

selves  to  united  and  untiring  effort  in  behalf  of 
the  Christless  women  of  all  the  world  until  His 
Kingdom  shall  so  far  come  that  their  privileges 
and  opportunities  equal  our  own.  The  grounds 
on  which  we  base  the  claim  may  be  grouped 
under  three  heads, — the  need,  the  obligation,  the 
opportunity. 

1.  The  religion   of   Christ   is   the   only  power   The  Need, 
that    can    make    tolerable    the    conditions    under 

which  women  and  children  live  in  any  land. 

The  other  great  faiths  have  not  done  this  nor  Woman 

can  they  do   it.      Confucianism,  Buddhism,  Hin-  under  all 

duism,  Islam — their  history  in  every  age  confirms  _    "^'^ 

"  Faiths. 

the  verdict  of  Dr.  James  S.  Dennis:  ^'Ethnic 
religions  and  barbarous  civilizations  have  united 
their  forces  in  the  consignment  of  womankind  to 
a  state  of  degradation,  a  fact  which  rises  up  in 
judgment  against  these  erroneous  systems  in  all 
ages   of    history    and     in    no    period    more    pro-  > 

nouncedthan  in  our  present  century.  She  is  still 
regarded,  as  of  old,  in  a  non-Christian  environ- 
ment as  a  scandal  and  a  slave,  a  drudge  and  a 
disgrace,  a  temptation  and  a  terror,  a  blemish 
and  a  burden, — at  once  the  touchstone  and  stum- 
bling-block of  human  systems,  the  sign  and  the 
shame  of  the  non-Christian  world."  (^'Christian 
Missions  and  Social  Progress.") 

2.  These  conditions  inevitably  affect  the  devel-  Conditions 
opment  of  women  and  therefore  of  the  whole  race.    Affect 

^^The  condition  of  its  women,"  says  Dr.  Jones,    Development. 
^Ms  the  truest  test  of  a  people's  civilization.    Her 


10  The  King's  Business 

status  is  her  country's  barometer. "  Mr.  Rudyard 
Kipling,  who  is  universally  conceded  to  know 
life  in  India  to  the  core,  puts  into  the  speech  of 
one  of  his  characters  this  comment: — 

What's  the  matter  with  this  country  is  not  in  the 
least  political,  but  an  all-round  entanglement  of  physi- 
cal, social  and  moral  evils  and  corruptions,  all,  more 
or  less,  due  to  the  unnatural  treatment  of  women.  So 
long  as  the  system  of  infant  marriage,  the  prohibition 
of  the  remarriage  of  widows,  the  lifelong  imprisonment 
of  wives  in  a  worse  than  penal  confinement  and  the 
withholding  from  them  of  any  kind  of  education  or 
treatment  as  rational  beings  continues,  the  country  can- 
not advance  a  step.  Half  of  it  is  morally  dead,  and 
worse  than  dead,  and  that  is  just  the  half  from  which 
we  have  a  right  to  look  for  the  best  impulses. 

Not  only  here,  but  in  every  non-Christian  land 
is  ^ 'the  unnatural  treatment  of  women"  producing 
the  physical,  mental  and  moral  stagnation  which 
Mr.  Kipling  charges  to  India.  Take  but  one 
instance  in  proof  under  each  point. 
Physical.  («)  Physical.      Dr.    James   S.    Dennis   says,  of 

the  effect  of  child  marriage  in  India:  "The 
population  of  India  to-day  is  largely  the  children 
of  children.  Natural  vigor  in  many  sections  of 
the  peninsula  has  suffered  a  notable  decline, 
owing  to  the  constant  stream  of  infant  life  born 
of  immaturity  and  called  to  struggle  with  unsan- 
itary conditions  and  blighting  disease.  The 
physical  sufferings  induced  by  early  marriage 
form  a  shocking  indictment  against  a  cruel 
custom.     Its  evils  are  multiform  and  deplorable. 


Its  Magnitude  and  Importance         11 

It  is  physically  injurious,  morally  deleterious, 
mentally  weakening:,  productive  of  enfeebled  off- 
spring, and  provokes  the  curse  of  poverty." 
("  Christian  Missions  and  Social  Progress.") 

The  Hon.  Mohendra  Lai  Sircar,  M.D.,  testi- 
fied from  his  medical  observation  during  thirty 
years  that  ^'  twenty-five  per  cent  of  Hindu 
women  died  prematurely  through  early  marriage, 
twenty-five  per  cent  more  were  invalided  by  the 
same  cause  and  the  vast  majority  of  the  re- 
mainder suffered  in  health  from  it."  (Quoted 
by  Mr.  Speer,  "Missionary  Principles  and  Prac- 
tice.") 

The  custom  of  early  marriage  is  known  also  in 
Korea,  China,  Chinese  Turkestan,  Persia, 
Turkey,  along  the  northern  coast  of  Africa  and 
largely  throughout  that  continent,  and  everywhere 
it  produces  the  same  evil  results. 

(d)  Mental.  Imagine  your  life,  if  you  can.  Mental, 
devoid  of  all  intellectual  stimulus,  barren  of  every 
printed  page,  unstirred  by  the  quickening  touch 
of  kindred  mind  on  mind.  You  would  still 
have  left  a  rich  store  in  memory  from  the  reading 
and  learning  of  a  lifetime.  Your  life  would  still 
be  crowded  full  of  human  interests  and  the  free- 
dom of  the  open  skies  would  be  left  to  you.  But 
suppose  that  you  had  never  been  beyond  your 
own  doorway  or  your  own  narrow  village  street. 
Can  you  really  enter  into  the  short  and  simple 
annals  of  the  women  whose  biographies  may  be 
thus  briefly  told? 


12  The  King's  Business 

The  Women         Nearly  half  the  women  of  the  world   live   in 
of  China.  China  and  India;  of  the  former,  one  of  their  own 

authorities  said  only  thirty  years  ago,  ''Not  one 
in  ten  thousand  Chinese  women  can  read." 
Even  if  we  look  at  this  statement  as  extravagant, 
we  have  the  calmer  and  doubtless  more  accurate 
estimate  of  Mrs.  C.  W.  Mateer,  "Possibly  one 
in  two  or  three  thousand  can  read";  or  of  Miss 
Adele  M.  Field,  "Not  more  than  one  in  a  thou- 
sand can  read."  Mrs.  Arthur  H.  Smith  also 
says,  "Among  the  thousands  of  women  whom 
we  have  met,  not  more  than  ten  had  learned  to 
read." 

In  contrast  with  this,  more  than  ninety-five 
per  cent  of  American-born  women  can  read,  while 
even  if  we  include  Indians,  Negroes  and  our 
immense  foreign  population,  among  whom,  of 
course,  the  greater  part  of  the  illiteracy  is  found, 
only  eleven  per  cent  of  the  female  population  of 
the  United  States  were  unable  to  read  in  1911. 
Of  India.  Of  India,  Dr.    Dennis  says  that  of  the  women 

represented  in  the  census  returns  ninety-five  per 
cent  are  illiterate.  Of  the  one  hundred  and  forty 
million  women  in  India,  including  those  of  whom 
no  census  returns  are  made,  it  may  be  safely 
stated  that,  if  all  the  facts  were  tabulated,  the 
number  of  illiterate  women  would  represent 
ninety-nine  and  one  half  per  cent.  Dr.  J.  P.  Jones 
is  authority  for  the  statement  that  only  six  Hindu 
women  in  a  thousand  can  read.  Yet  it  is  in 
China   and    India   that  the   intellectual    achieve- 


Its  Magnitude  and  Importance         13 

ments  of  women — that  mere  fraction  to  whom 
opportunity  will  come — bid  fair  to  be  the  educa- 
tional marvel  of  the  twentieth  century. 

In  India  only  four  and  thirty-seven  hundredths 
per  cent  of  the  girls  were  in  schools  of  every  kind 
in  1909,  while  in  the  United  States  seventy  per 
cent  of  the  girls  were  in  school.  All  of  the 
mission  schools  maintained  in  India  by  the 
Protestant  Churches  of  America  and  Europe 
accommodate,  when  taxed  to  their  utmost  capacity, 
less  than  one  hundred  thousand  girls.  This  in- 
cludes kindergartens,  village  and  elementary 
schools,  industrial  classes,  normal  schools,  high 
schools  and  colleges.  If  we  should  allow  each 
of  the  women  and  girls  only  one  year  in  school, 
it  would  take  over  fifteen  hundred  years  to  place 
the  present  generation,  were  there  no  increase 
meantime.  While  in  China,  with  only  sixteen 
thousand  girls  in  all  mission  schools,  it  would 
take  over  twelve  thousand  years  on  the  same 
terms. 

In  the  non-Christian  world  not  one  of  a  million 
women  has  seen  within  the  walls  of  a  school  of 
college  grade.  In  the  United  States  eight  hun- 
dred and  eighteen  out  of  every  million  women 
were  in  college  last  year.  If  we  had  only  as 
many  girls  in  college  in  proportion  to  our  popu- 
lation as  there  are  in  India,  we  should  have  just 
nineteen  in  the  whole  United  States.  If  we  had 
as  many  as  China,  we  should  have  seven.  In- 
stead, we  had  54,546  last  year. 


14  The  King's  Business 

Moral.  (c)  Moral.       Concern    for   the   welfare   of    the 

child  has  been  mentioned  as  the  pivotal  point  of 
the  woman  mind  since  the  world  began.  No 
stronger  proof  of  their  degrading  influence  could 
be  taken  than  the  notable  lack  of  such  concern 
engendered  under  the  non-Christian  faiths.  In 
** Missionary  Principles  and  Practice"  Mr.  Speer 
says,  "If  anybody  should  ask  me  to  risk  Chris- 
tianity in  one  single  cast,  to  stake  everything  in 
one  argument,  I  sometimes  think  I  should  almost 
be  willing  to  select,  of  all  positions  of  Christian 
apologetics,  the  attitude  of  Christianity  toward 
women  and  children  as  over  against  the  atti- 
tude of  every  other  religion  of  the  world  toward 
woman  and  the  little  child." 

Upon  all  non-Christian  lands  cruelty  to  chil- 
dren rests  like  a  blight.  "If  we  could  but  realize 
for  a  single  hour,  "  says  Dr.  Zwemer,  "the  every- 
day conditions  of  Mohammedan  womanhood  or 
pagan  childhood  in  darkest  Africa,  the  vision 
itself  would  voice  the  need."  Infant  mortality 
is  nearly  twice  as  great  in  India  as  it  is  in  Eng- 
land, caused  both  by  neglect  and  by  ignorance  of 
the  commonest  laws  of  health  and  sanitation. 
Worst  of  all  in  its  token  of  moral  depravity  is  the 
cruelty  which  denies  to  the  child  the  right  to 
live. 

Infanticide.  ''The  heathenism  of  to-day  even  in  the  centers 

of  its  most  advanced  civilization  is  still  red- 
handed  with  the  traces  of  infanticide.  That  the 
custom,  although  practiced   in  secret,  prevails  in 


Its  Magnitude  and  Importance  15 


China  cannot  be  doubted.  In  one  province  it 
has  been  estimated  that  an  average  of  forty  per 
cent  of  the  girls  v^^ere  murdered,  in  another  from 
thirty  to  seventy  per  cent.  Another  authority 
gives  the  number  destroyed  varying  from  ten  to 
eighty  per  cent.  It  seems  beyond  question  that 
tens  of  thousands  of  infant  girls  are  annually 
sacrificed  in  China."  (J.  S.  Dennis,  D.D., 
^'Christian  Missions  and  Social  Progress.") 
The  testimony  concerning  the  prevalence  of  in- 
fanticide in  India  is  equally  strong,  while  in  the 
Pacific  Islands  and  in  Africa  it  has  prevailed  to 
a  frightful  extent  and  has  been  attended  with 
unspeakable  cruelty. 

It   is  true  that   in  the  congested  portions  of  our   Child 
own  great  cities   ignorance  and  disease  and  want   Welfare  in 
fight  for  the  lives  of  little  children,  but  they  are   America, 
not  unrestrained.      It   is   a  hand-to-hand   conflict 
with     the    tender    care    and     compassion    which 
always   follow  where  the  Christ  who  loved   little 
children  leads.       None  but  a   Christian  govern- 
ment would   create  a   Bureau   of   Child   Welfare 
and    put    a  woman    at    its    head.      Baby    Saving 
Shows  and  National  Associations  for  the  Conser- 
vation of  Infant   Life  are  possible  only  in  a  land 
where  the  knowledge  of  God's  Son  who  came  to 
earth   as   a    little    child   has   made   all    childhood 
sacred.      Great  Child  Welfare  Exhibits  by  charts, 
lectures  and   practical    demonstrations  are  teach- 
ing thousands   that   the  ''measure   of  the   chance 
for  the  child  is  the  measure  of  each  race,  of  each, 


16  The  King's  Business 

nation,  of  each  city."  The  poster  of  the  Chicago 
Child  Welfare  Exhibit  showed  Father  Time 
handing  the  world  to  a  little  child,  with  this 
legend  below,  *  ^Strengthen  the  little  hands  that 
must  carry  on  the  world."  Do  we  mean  it,  in 
fact  and  deed?  Shall  we  strengthen  the  hands  of 
the  children  of  the  world,  or  of  America  alone.'* 
Do  we  have  a  care  that  one  out  of  three  of  the 
mothers  and  children  of  the  world  shall  know 
the  joy  of  mother  love  and  mother  care,  while 
we  deny  the  right  to  the  other  two? 
TKe  Obliga-  3.   If  to  the  influences  of  the  religion  of  Christ, 

**°°*  the  women  of  Christian  lands  owe  every  privilege 

which  they  enjoy,  do  they  not  owe  this  religion 
to  all  women? 

To  ignore  the  obligation,  or  worse  still  to  re- 
pudiate it,  is  not  to  deny  its  existence  and  its  bind- 
ing power.  There  are  not  degrees  in  obligation 
where  there  have  been  no  degrees  in  privilege. 
Other  religious  systems  may  teach  great  moral 
truths,  other  civilizations  may  contain  much  of 
worth  and  beauty.  "By  their  fruits,  ye  shall 
know  them."  It  is  enough  for  us  now,  that, 
only  in  proportion  as  nations  get  Christianity  and 
as  nations,  already  Christian,  develop  its  prin- 
ciples, do  freedom  and  happiness  come  to  women 
and  children.  These  are  matters  established  by 
history  and  expert  and  widely  impartial  investi- 
gation. The  woman  who  does  not  believe  in 
missions  is  free  to  think  and  hold  this  opinion 
only  through  the  Gospel  which  she  would  deny  to 


Its  Magnitude  and  Importance  17 

other  women.  Every  woman  who  accepts  the 
position  accorded  her  as  a  citizen  of  the  democ- 
racy established  by  Christ,  who  thinks  her  own 
thoughts,  who  orders  her  own  life,  must  have  a 
care  for  the  thousands,  millions  of  women  living 
in  suffering  and  serfdom.  The  earth  is  so  small 
in  these  days  that  it  is  our  own  grievous  sin  if 
we  do  not  know  that  on  the  other  side  of  the 
world  five  hundred  million  women  and  countless 
little  children  wait  for  Christ's  hands  to  break 
their  shackles.  They  are  our  own  flesh  and  blood 
in  the  kinship  of  humanity  and  our  hearts  must 
break  at  the  thought  of  all  that  we  deny  them,  if 
we  withhold  the  Gospel.  If  we  do  not  discharge 
our  debt  to  them,  who  will? 

The  ground  of  our  obligation  to  take  the  Gospel  Ground  of 
to  the  non-Christian  world  is  often  misunderstood.  Obligation. 
It  is  not  an  attempt  to  transplant  to  other  lands  the 
schools,  hospitals  and  other  philanthropic  institu- 
tions which  are  the  outward  and  visible  expression 
of  Christianity.  It  is  not  an  attempt  to  enforce 
those  principles  of  courtesy  and  chivalry  which 
could  not  tolerate  the  indignities  that  women  and 
children  suffer  on  the  other  side  of  the  world.  It 
is  not  an  attempt  to  coat  with  a  thin  veneer  of 
Christianity  the  already  existing  civilizations  of 
Eastern  lands.  It  is  not  an  attempt  to  graft 
American  Christian  ideals  and  forms  of  organi- 
zation upon  the  old  stock  of  Eastern  religions. 
Such  a  diversity  of  aims  would  involve  us  at  once 
in  a  corresponding  complexity  of  effort. 


18 


The  King's   Business 


Primary 
Aim. 


The  Oppor- 
tunity. 


Our  primary  aim  is  direct  and  simple  in  that 
it  concentrates  our  endeavor  upon  one  effort:  to 
make  the  living  Christ  known  to  all  men  vv^ith 
such  clearness  and  power  that  He  may  become  a 
great  transforming  force  within  their  lives, 
changing  nations  and  national  ideals  by  changing 
individuals  into  His  image.  Nothing  else  will 
do  it.  It  has  never  known  failure  in  any  land, 
with  any  type  of  people,  under  conditions  the 
most  severe  and  discouraging. 

It  is  this  work  of  evangelization  which  we  are 
called  to  share.  What  are  the  dimensions  of  the 
task?  That,  too,  is  simplified  by  the  considera- 
tion of  a  few  definite  principles. 

In  these  days  missions  is  becoming  increas- 
ingly a  science.  We  no  longer  speak  of  the  un- 
numbered millions  who  wait  in  darkness,  with  a 
conception  of  the  task  as  vague  as  the  terminology. 
It  is  the  day  of  scientific  study  of  our  problems 
and  statesmanlike  effort  to  grapple  with  and  con- 
quer them.  Christians  everywhere  are  coming 
more  and  more  to  recognize  that  they  owe  the 
Gospel  to  the  entire  non-Christian  world  of  their 
generation.  '^The  living  people  without  the 
Gospel  can  only  receive  it  from  the  living 
who  possess  it."  Unity  of  purpose,  comity  in 
operation,  both  on  mission  fields  and  among 
the  workers  at  home,  have  made  it  possible 
for  us  to  establish  with  approximate  accuracy 
our  portion  of  responsibility  toward  the  whole 
world.      The  following    statement   is     condensed 


*  WOMEN    WHO    READ 


U.  S.  A.  —  890  to  1,000 


INDIA  —  6  to  1,000 


CHINA  —  1  to  1,000 


A  People  Cannot  Rise  Above  The 
Level  oi  Its  AVomankoocl 


*'niere  is  no  census  of  the  -women  -who  read  in  China,  and  estimates  vary,  tne 
most  favorable  reaching  10  to  1,000.  The  weight  of  opinion,  how^evcr,  approximates 
1  to  1.000,  as  illustrated  above. 


Its  Magnitude  and  Importance  19 

from  "Our  Share  of  the  World,"  by  J.  Campbell 
White.      It  is  based  on  the  statistics  of  1909. 

For  nearly  twenty  years  all  the  Foreign  Mission  Obligation  of 
Boards  of  North  America  have  met  annually  in  confer-  America, 
ence  to  discuss  and  plan  their  work  together.  Through 
this  conference,  by  committees  and  by  consultation 
with  the  missionaries  on  the  field  it  has  been  established 
that  one  thousand  million  people  in  the  world  are  living 
in  non-Christian  lands.  Extensive  inquiries  have  been 
made  by  almost  all  the  Foreign  Mission  Boards  of 
North  America,  first,  to  determine  the  number  of  people 
for  whose  evangelization  they  are  severally  responsible, 
and,  second,  to  discover  what  force  of  missionaries  and 
what  amount  of  funds  would  probably  be  necessary  to 
carry  through  a  comprehensive  program  of  evangeliza- 
tion. Froin  the  conclusions  reached  it  is  apparent  that 
at  least  six  hundred  million  of  people  in  the  non-Chris- 
tian world  are  dependent  for  evangelization  upon  the 
churches  of  North  America.  Of  this  number  various 
denominations  have  officially  recognized  their  responsi- 
bility as  follows:  United  Presbyterians  15,000,000, 
Southern  Presbyterians  25,000,000,  Northern  Presby- 
terians 100,000,000,  Northern  Baptists  61,000,000,  Meth- 
odist Episcopalians,  South,  40,000,000,  Methodist 
Episcopalians  150,000,000,  Congregationalists 
75,000,000,  Dutch  Reformed  13,000,000,  Reformed 
Church  in  the  United  States  10,000,000,  United  Brethren 
5,000,000,  Foreign  Christian  Missionary  Society 
15,000,000,  Canadian  Societies  40,000,000;  of  which  the 
Methodist  Church  has  accepted  14,000,000,  the  Presby- 
terian 13,000,000,  and  the  Baptist  6,000,000. 

This  is  our  task;  what  proportion  of  it  has  been  met    How  is  It 
in  any    adequate   way?     There   have   been   many    state-    being  "Met? 
ments  by  representative  missionary  conferences,  of  the 
conviction    that    one    missionary,    either   a    man    or   an 
unmarried  woman,  to  every  twenty-five  thousand  people 


20 


The  King's  Business 


to  be  reached,  is  the  lowest  reasonable  basis  on  which 
to  hope  to  preach  the  Gospel  to  every  creature,  so  as 
to  make  it  intelligible  to  them  all.  There  are  some 
fields  where  a  smaller  number  of  missionaries  than 
this  may  be  sufficient,  but  there  are  other  fields  where 
the  proportion  will  probably  need  to  be  greater.  To 
supply  the  whole  non-Christian  world  at  this  rate  would 
require  40,000  missiojiaries.  At  present  there  is  a  total 
of  15,000  missionaries  on  the  field,  not  counting  mis- 
sionary wives.  The  estimates  of  the  force  required  to 
meet  the  need,  are  generally  made  in  this  way,  not  be- 
cause many  wives  of  missionaries  are  not  among  the 
very  best  workers,  but  because,  in  a  large  proportion  of 
cases,  family  cares  prevent  them  from  carrying  respon- 
sibility for  the  administration  of  mission  work. 
Portion  If   each    one   of    the   missionaries    now    on   the   field 

Unprovided.  succeeds  during  his  lifetime  in  evangelizing  an  average 
of  25,000  persons,  the  total  number  reached  would  be 
about  375,000,000.  This  in  itself  is  a  stupendous  under- 
taking. But  after  assigning  to  the  present  force  of 
missionaries  this  staggering  burden  of  responsibility, 
there  still  remain  625,000,000  of  people  in  the  non- 
Christian  world  unprovided  for.  Is  it  not  time  that  we 
should  realize  the  imperative  necessity  of  an  unprece- 
dented advance  into  this  unoccupied  territory? 
Financial  Look  at   the   question  for  a  moment  on    its    financial 

Cost.  side.     Assuming   that   each    of   the    15,000  missionaries 

now  on  the  field  is  capable  of  directing  the  work  of 
evangelization  in  a  district  of  25,000  people,  the  average 
present  cost  of  the  work  in  each  of  the  15,000  districts 
occupied  is  less  than  $1,700  a  year.  This  includes  not 
only  the  salary  of  the  missionary  in  the  district,  but 
the  support  of  an  average  of  seven  native  workers,  also 
the  cost  of  schools,  hospitals,  land,  buildings,  traveling 
expenses,  administration,  and  all  other  items  of  expend- 
iture. Undoubtedly  this  average  should  be  increased  so 
as   to    keep  pace   with    the   growing   necessary   cost   of 


Its  Magnitude  and  Importance         21 

living.  There  is  still  greater  need  of  improved  facilities 
for  w^ork  in  nearly  all  fields.  It  would  be  quite  reason- 
able, therefore,  to  estimate  the  necessary  cost  of  work 
in  each  district  of  25,000  people,  at  $2,000  a  year.  As 
there  are  about  40,000  districts  of  this  size,  the  aggre- 
gate cost  of  occupying  them  all  and  doing  efficient 
work,  would  be  approximately  $80,000,000  a  year. 

In  asking  for  so  few  leaders  from  the  home  lands  for    Responsi- 
the  evangelization  of  the  non-Christian  world,  the  mis-    bility  of 
sionaries  have  emphasized  over  and  over  again,  the  fact    Native 
that  they  rely  largely  on  the  native  church  in  extending    CKurcli. 
the    Kingdom    of    Christ    among     their    own    people. 
Already  the   number   of   native  workers  is  about   seven 
times  as  great  as    the  number  of   foreign    missionaries. 
Only   by   a   great   enlargement   of    this    force,   through 
years  of  patient  training,  will  it   be  possible   to   extend 
the  work   to   every  part   of   the   vast   unoccupied   field. 
To    train    and    co-operate  with    an    adeqtiate    force   of 
strong  native  workers  is  one   of   the   chief   reasons   for 
enlarging  the  number  of  foreign  missionaries. 

We  come  now  to  consider  the  missionary  problem  Problem  of 
not  as  a  whole,  but  in  our  relationship  to  it,  as  repre-  America, 
senting  the  churches  of  the  United  States  and  Canada. 
Assuming  that  our  share  of  the  world  is  600,000,000  and 
that  it  will  take  one  missionary  to  every  25,000  of  them, 
our  problem  is  to  increase  our  force  of  missionaries 
from  about  5,000  to  24,000,  and  our  annual  offerings 
from  just  over  $11,000,000  a  year  to  approximately 
$50,000,000  a  year.     Can  we  do  it? 

Many  of  the  denominations   have  said  that  we   The  Home 
can,  if  we  will.      They   have  made  a  painstaking  ^^se. 
and  comprehensive  survey  of  their  responsibility 
and  have  formulated  missionary  policies  defining 
in  a  broad,  general  way   the   distinct   work   com- 
mitted   to    them    as   a   Church;  they  are  laying 


22  The  King's  Business 

plans  that  will  make  it  possible  for  them  to  evan- 
gelize their  own.  fields;  they  are  presenting  to  the 
home  Church  a  definite  task  that  is  a  challenge 
and  an  incentive  to  its  ultimate  accomplishment. 
This  task  confronts  not  alone  the  missionaries  on 
the  field  where  the  pressure  of  the  need  is  great- 
est, not  alone  the  Mission  Boards  upon  whom  it 
rests  with  almost  crushing  weight  because  of 
their  poignant  realization  of  its  urgency,  but  the 
whole  communion.  No  one  is  exempt  from  its 
message.  Each  member  ought  to  know  the  re- 
sponsibility of  his  own  denomination  and  what 
means  are  proposed  to  meet  it. 

The  Church  of  Christ  is  one.  Men  and  women 
alike,  we  must  get  a  vision  of  our  world-wide 
task;  men  and  women  together,  we  must  work 
out  its  solution.  And  yet,  because  so  much  of 
the  work  among  women  and  children  can  be  done 
only  by  women,  because  in  so  many  denomina- 
tions the  entire  support  of  women  workers  is  left 
to  Women's  Boards,  our  responsibility  as  women 
can  be  reduced  to  very  definite  figures  and  it  is 
good  for  us  to  confront  the  special  task  that  is 
ours. 

Woman's  4.   In  the  task  of  world  evangelization,  women 

Definite  havc  a  definite  share. 

bhare. 

Its  Numbers.  (^)  ^^^    numbers.      The    women    living    under 

the  great  religions  of  the  world  are  divided  as 
follows:  Christian  238,000.000,  Confucian 
128,000,000,  Mohammedan  100,000,000,  Hindu 
95,000,000,      Buddhist     73,000,000,      Pagan 


Its  Magnitude  and  Importance  23 

69,000,000.  Thus  465,000,000  women  look  to 
the  238,000,000  women  of  Christendom  for  all 
that  makes  life  worth  living.  Every  woman  who 
accepts  the  happier  conditions  which  Christianity 
brings  is  responsible  for  two  of  her  less  hapjDy 
sisters. 

The  women  of  civilization's  favored  classes  A  Peep  from 
have  spent  their  lives  in  a  little  gfarden  world,  ^  Garden 
surrounded  by  light  and  warmth  and  color,  shel- 
tered and  guarded  from  all  that  could  distress  or 
harm.  About  them  ignorance  and  prejudice  have 
built  a  wall  and  too  many  have  cared  little  that 
outside  were  darkness  and  chill  breezes.  But 
here  and  there  God  has  swung  wide  a  window  in 
that  wall  and  bidden  us  look  out  and  know  that 
the  humanity  out  there  is  one  with  us  in  the  great 
primal,  elemental  facts  of  life,  though  no  flowers 
bloom  in  their  path  and  the  night  that  bends  over 
them  is  starless. 

Will  you  stand  now  at  that  window  and  watch   The  Pro- 
those  women  of   unhappier   lands  pass   by?     On   cession  of 

,  ,  •  1       ,  •  the  NVomen. 

they  go,  a  strange,  silent  procession,  one  every 
other  second  throughout  the  changing  cycle  of  the 
years,  as  day  fades  to  night  and  night  creeps  into 
day  again.  The  flowers  of  summer  take  on 
autumn  tints,  the  snows  of  winter  melt  into 
"springtime's  swift  young  green"  and  summer 
suns  have  come  again  and  still  they  go.  The 
women  of  China  will  hobble  by  on  bound  feet 
for  nearly  nine  years,  the  women  of  India  will 
be  passing   for  six  years,  the   greater   number  of 


24  The  King's  Business 

them  widows  and  little  wives, — women  in  the 
eyes  of  the  law  with  no  childhood,  scarcely  any 
babyhood  behind  them.  For  nearly  seven  years, 
you  will  look  out  upon  black-veiled  Moslem 
women,  on  Buddhist  women  for  five  years,  on 
the  brown,  barefooted  drudge  of  the  pagan 
world  for  more  than  four  years, — an  unending 
processional,  this  sad' march  of  the  nations,  for 
before  one  generation  has  plodded  wearily  by, 
another  will  have  joined  their  ranks.  Could  you 
look  out  unmoved  through  all  the  years  of  your 
life  on  these  Pilgrims  of  the  Night?  These  are 
not  cold  statistics.  They  are  eloquent  with  mean- 
ing for  us,  if  we  will  listen.  For  these  women, 
as  they  go,  keep  step  tc  the  heartbeat  of  a  dying 
world  that  waits  for  our  slow  telling  of  Him  who 
said,  ^'I  am  come  that  ye  might  have  life."  Can 
we  turn  back  into  our  gardens  and  forget,  while 
we  are  happy  in  their  fragrance  and  beauty.? 
Force  Needed.  (6)  The  missionary  force  needed.  The  plan 
outlined  by  the  Mission  Boards  provides  that  half 
of  the  entire  force  needed  or  twelve  thousand 
shall  be  unmarried  women,  an  addition  of  9,748 
to  the  2,252  who  were  on  the  field  in  1912.  If 
we  add  those  who  would  probably  go  out  as 
missionaries'  wives,  a  total  in  round  numbers 
of  twenty  thousand  women  should  go  to  the  field 
in  the  ten  years  which  the  Boards  proposed  as 
the  period  in  which  their  policies  should  be  real- 
ized,besides  making  good  the  nnnual  loss  by  death 
or  withdrawal  from  the  field  from  failure  of  health 


Its  Magnitude  and  Importance  25 


and  other  causes.     Our  force  in  1912  was  4,894, 

2,252  unmarried  and  2,640  married  women, — 

therefore  we  should  send  half  as  many  new  mis- 
sionaries each  year  as  our  entire  force  at  that  time. 

(c)  The  necessary  financial  support.  The  plan  Financial 
outlined  provides  that  we  shall  raise  approxi-  Support, 
mately  fifty  millions  of  dollars  a  year  for  equip- 
ping and  maintaining  this  force  of  workers,  or 
a  general  increase  of  from  three  to  five  times  our 
present  gifts.  This  means  that  from  sixteen  to 
twenty  million  dollars  should  be  raised  yearly  by 
Women's  Boards  in  addition  to  what  women  may 
give  through  the  general  Boards. 

5.  It  is  a  work  that  only  women  can  do  and 
will  be  left  undone  if  they  neglect  it. 

''No  thoughtful  student  of  the  missions  of  the 
Christian  Church  will  deny  the  supreme  importance  of 
women's  share  in  them.  But  there  is  far  more  than  the 
historic  call.  A  mere  glance  over  the  main  functions 
of  the  missionary  force  should  be  sufficient  to  impress 
upon  any  student  of  the  non-Christian  world  the  vital 
demand  for  the  presence  of  Christian  women.  A  vast 
proportion  of  any  population  would  have  to  be  left 
without  the  message,  if  there  were  no  women  to  pre- 
sent it.  The  Christian  Church,  the  Christian  nation, 
might  indeed  be  organized,  but  could  not  be  built  up 
apart  from  the  education  and  training  of  the  woman- 
hood of  each  community  into  Christian  ideals  of  wife- 
hood, motherhood,  leadership;  and  this  only  Christian 
women  can  supply."  (''World  Missionary  Conference 
Report,"  Volume  5.) 

6.  It  is  a  task  possible  of  achievement.  Possible  of 
What  are  the   resources   for  dealing  with    it.?  Achievement. 


26  The  King's  Business 

Twenty-five  years  ago,  when  the  Student  Volun- 
teer Movement  adopted  its  watchword,  "The 
Evangelization  of  the  World  in  this  Generation," 
it  met  with  a  storm  of  criticism  from  both  friends 
and  foes;  its  leaders  were  branded  as  visionaries 
and  enthusiasts,  sermons  were  preached,  books 
were  written  to  prove  the  impossibility  of  realizing 
it. 

Commission  I  of  the  Edinburgh  Conference, 
made  up  of  a  body  of  missionary  experts  from 
many  denominations  and  from  all  parts  of  the 
world,  after  months  of  study  of  the  resources  of 
the  home  Church  and  of  the  obstacles  and  adverse 
conditions  in  all  lands,  without  magnifying  the 
one  or  minimizing  the  other,  records  its  belief 
that  the  resources  of  the  Church  material,  mental 
and  spiritual,  if  properly  conserved  and  directed, 
are  amply  sufficient  for  the  speedy  evangelization 
of  the  world. 
Resources;  The    Christian    Church    spiritually    is   greater 

Wealth  and  than  all  principalities  and  powers.  Speaking  in 
human  terms,  she  is  the  most  tremendous  force  in 
the  world  to-day.  It  took  Christianity  a  thousand 
years  after  Christ  to  gain  fifty  million  adherents, 
but  it  doubled  in  five  hundred  years,  again  in 
three  hundred,  again  in  eighty.  To-day  one 
third  of  the  people  of  the  world  are  adherents  to 
Christianity,  two  thirds  are  governed  by  Chris- 
tian nations.  The  wealth  of  the  world  is  in  the 
hands  of  Christian  nations,  an  almost  unbelievable 
amount;  the   students  of  the  world   are   in   their 


Numbers. 


Its  Magnitude  and  Importance  27 

colleges,  they  hold  the  balance  of  political 
power,  they  are  giant  storehouses  of  moral  force. 
With  all  their  glaring  imperfections,  the  nations, 
Christian  in  name,  would  become  so  in  fact,  if  the 
Church,  vitalized  by  a  transcendent  world  purpose, 
would  rise  to  the  fulfillment  of  its  destiny. 

We  could  take  out  of  our  churches  this  year  the  Illustration, 
entire  number  of  workers  needed  for  our  share  Automobiles. 
of  world  evangelization  and  our  records  would 
scarcely  show  a  loss  next  year, — perhaps  rather  a 
gain,  because  the  churches  would  be  revitalized 
by  the  sacrifice.  We  could,  if  we  felt  the  Divine 
compulsion,  equip  and  maintain  these  workers 
without  giving  up  one  necessity  of  life.  The 
money  invested  in  automobiles  in  the  United 
States  alone  last  year  would  have  maintained  the 
twenty-four  thousand  missionaries  for  whom  the 
Boards  ask,  for  at  least  sixteen  years.  By  a  re- 
liable computation  ("The  Scientific  American," 
July  20,  1912),  there  were  677,000  automobiles 
in  use  in  the  United  States  in  1911,  or  one  for 
every  140  of  the  entire  population.  The  lowest 
and  most  conservative  estimate  puts  their  value 
at  $800,000,000.  The  combined  Mission  Boards 
ask  us  for  $50,000,000  a  year,  to  finance  in  all 
lands  the  work  for  which  they  consider  America 
directly  responsible. 

Perhaps  you  will  say,  however,  that  these  When  Mis- 
millions  are  not  in  the  control  of  Christian  sions  become 
people.      The  actual  communicants  of   Protestant   ^    %"!'  ^ 

^         '  the  tjhristian 

Churches  in  the  United  States  and  Canada  number  Cburch. 


28  The  King's  Business 

more  than  one  fifth  of  the  population.  At  a  fair 
average,  then,  one  fifth  of  these  machines  are  the 
property  of  Christian  people,  representing  an 
investment  of  $160,000,000.  "That  is  precisely 
the  point!"  you  say.  "An  automobile  is  an  in- 
vestment. It  represents  capital,  not  income." 
Granted.  Would  not  an  investment  in  human 
welfare  and  happiness,  in  immortal  souls,  be  as 
safe  and  likely  to  yield  as  sure  returns?  But  we 
w^ill  take  merely  the  expense  of  maintenance  and 
repairs.  Estimate  it  at  $300  each,  though  it 
vv^ould  probably  average  higher.  If  the  Christian 
people  of  the  United  States  had  equaled  this 
amount  in  their  gifts  for  foreign  missions  last 
year,  our  Boards  would  have  had  more  than  four 
fifths  of  the  total  amount  for  which  they  ask. 
"But,"  you  say,  "the  automobile  is  no  longer 
a  luxury;  it  has  become  a  necessity."  Granting 
this  and  that  it  is  an  absolutely  legitimate  and 
sane  item  of  expenditure,  it  merely  strengthens 
our  point.  When  it  becomes  a  necessity  to  the 
Christian  Church  that  the  Gospel  shall  be  preached 
to  all  nations,   it  will  be  done. 

If  you  contend  that  an  automobile  is  a  luxury 
for  the  rich,  or  at  least  the  well-to-do,  we  will 
take  another  example  which  shows  the  power  of 
littles  in  the  aggregate.  Moving" picture  exhibi- 
tions are  supported,  all  will  acknowledge,  by  the 
middle  and  poorer  classes,  and  may  be  classed  as 
pure  luxuries.  Yet,  according  to  an  investiga- 
tion recently  conducted  by  one  of  its  daily  papers. 


Its  Magnitude  and  Importance  29 

the  entrance  fees  at  moving  picture  shows  in  one 
of  our  larger  cities  averaged,  in  1912,  $5.85  for 
every  man,  woman  and  child  in  the  city.  These 
two  illustrations  embrace  all  grades  of  society,  and 
their  steady  increase  in  expenditure  in  the  face 
of  pronounced  financial  depression  shows  that 
we  do  find  the  money  for  the  things  we  want. 
By  the  Report  of  the  Edinburgh  Conference,  the 
largest  average  the  living  members  of  twenty 
denominations  in  the  United  States  have  been 
able  to  attain  in  their  gifts  for  foreign  missions 
is  seventy-two  cents  per  member.  Is  there  any 
doubt  that  when  Christian  people  want  the  world 
evangelized  more  than  they  want  anything  else, 
it  will  be  done? 

But  let  us  turn  to  woman's  definite  share  in  Woman's 
meeting  this  problem  of  making  Christ  known  to  Resources, 
all  the  world.  Our  statistics  have  shown  us  that 
in  these  coming  ten  years — no  eight,  for  two  have 
already  gone — which  Edinburgh  Conference 
prophesied  *^may  be  among  the  most  glorious  of 
Christian  history" — twenty  thousand  new  women 
missionaries  should  go  to  the  field  and  twenty 
million  dollars  should  be  contributed  annually  for 
the  support  of  their  enlarging  work;  while  a  part 
of  the  task  confronting  the  whole  Church,  this 
work  among  women  and  girls  appeals  with 
special  force  to  women's  societies,  and  in  some 
denominations  they  will  be  held  primarily  re- 
sponsible for  it.  And  we  have  felt  that  four 
million   dollars  a  year  was  a  most  creditable  con- 


30 


The  King's  Business 


1.  Mission- 
ary Organi- 
zations. 


2.  The 

Un  reacted 
^^omen  of 
tke  Churclies. 


tribution!  It  seems  a  task  as  impossible  as 
stupendous.  But  is  it?  Let  us  glance  at  our 
resources. 

Asset  one.  A  membership  of  two  million 
women  enrolled  in  our  missionary  societies. 
Asset  two.  At  least  sixteen  million  women  who 
are  members  of  Christian  churches  in  the  United 
States  and  Canada. 

If  the  women  of  our  missionary  societies  would 
attempt  to  recruit  the  entire  number  from  their 
ranks,  they  would  need  to  give  only  one  out  of 
each  hundred.  Could  not  ninety-nine  women 
do  the  work  at  home  alone,  with  the  added 
strength  which  would  come  from  a  living  link 
with  the  regions  beyond?  If  each  member  gave 
ten  dollars  annually,  they  could  furnish  the  entire 
twenty  million  dollars  for  which  the  increased 
budget  would  call.  But  no  one  contends  that  the 
missionary  responsibilities  of  the  women  of  the 
Church  are  confined  to  the  small  fraction  who 
have  recognized  their  responsibility  by  uniting 
with  the  women's  societies.  They  are  limited 
only  by  the  entire  woman  membership.  We 
must  b'ft  them  all  into  the  larger  atmosphere  of 
world-wide  effort;  while  we  regret  their  present 
ignorance  and  indifference,  neither  they  nor  we 
must  feel  that  it  lessens  their  obligation.  In  that 
case  we  need  to  send  only  one  out  of  every  seven 
hundred  women,  and  an  average  gift  of  $1.25 
each  would  meet  the  requirement,— not  meet  our 
obligation.      There  is  a  vast  distinction.      Mr.  J. 


Its  Magnitude  and  Importance  31 

Campbell  White  says:  '' Christ  never  asked  any- 
one to  be  an  average  Christian.  We  have  entirely 
too  many  of  them  now  I  No  man  has  done  his 
duty  till  he  has  done  his  best.  No  congregation 
has  done  its  duty  till  it  has  given  its  maximum, 
not  alone  of  money,  but  of  lives  and  prayer  and 
propagating  power." 

Our  resources  in  prayer,  in  educational  methods 
and  organized  effort  will  be  considered  at  length 
in  succeeding  chapters. 

But  our  enumeration  of  assets  is  incomplete, 
if  we  stop  with  the  women  of  the  churches. 
While  we  have  a  convincing  and  incontrovertible 
appeal  to  them,  we  have  a  logical  appeal  to  all 
women  who  live  in  a  Christian  land  and  we  must 
press  it  with  confidence  and  a  tactful  persistence 
until  we  win  them.  A  woman  in  America  whose 
daily,  hourl}'  existence  is  a  confirmation  of 
Christ's  pfifts  to  womankind  and  who  does  not 
know  by  personal  experience  how  Christ  can  en- 
rich and  expand  the  life  in  which  he  dwells  is  in 
some  ways  a  sadder  sight  than  a  woman  in  Africa 
who  has  never  had  a  chance  to  know.  There  are 
many  million  of  these  women  who  are  our 
neighbors  and  our  friends.  There  is  no  mes- 
sage of  His  power  which  He  bids  us  carry  to 
the  ends  of  the  earth  that  does  not  need  telling 
with  equal  force  at  home.  Many  of  these 
women  who  are  outside  the  Christian  churches 
are  women  of  education,  of  culture,  of  privilege. 
Many  of  them,  lavishly  endowed  with  talents  and 


32  The  King's  Business 

leisure,  are  already  enlisted  in  philanthropy  and 
various  forms  of  altruistic  effort.  As  members 
of  women's  clubs,  they  are  spending  thousands, 
even  millions  of  dollars,  annually  in  civic  im- 
provement and  a  myriad  forms  of  social  better- 
ment. Splendid  as  these  achievements  are  and 
forceful  in  their  uplift  for  the  community  and  the 
whole  country,  they  are  eclipsed  in  proportion  to 
the  expenditure  by  the  tangible  results  that  follow 
in  the  wake  of  missionary  effort.  There  is  not  a 
shade  of  criticism,  but  warmest  admiration  in 
thus  placing  them  side  by  side,  where  the  one 
might  be  made  a  tremendous  leverage  in  raising 
the  other  to  its  true  place  of  iinportance  with  all 
women. 

Christ's  '^These  ye  ought  to  have  done"  was 
followed  by,  "and  not  to  have  left  the  other 
undone,"  and  a  woman  has  no  more  met  her  full 
responsibility  to  humanity  by  such  forms  of  social 
usefulness  than  she  has  discharged  her  obligation 
to  the  community  when  her  own  family  are  fed 
and  clothed.  "Women  who  are  free,  who  look 
on  life  through  their  own  eyes,  who  think  their 
own  thoughts,  who  live  in  a  real  world  of 
striving,  struggling,  suffering  humanity"  ought 
to  be  quick  to  see  the  fairness  of  this  claim,  if 
forcefully  and  tactfully  presented  to  them.  We 
must  boldly  claim  first  place  as  the  most  tremen- 
dous undertaking  that  can  challenge  human  inter- 
est and  human  activity.  Christ  established  the 
basis  of  comparison  when  He  said,  "Seek  ye  first 


Its  Magnitude  and  Importance         33 

the  Kingdom."  Social  service  alone  is  not  the 
Kingdom.  Missions,  home  or  foreign,  that  vital 
effort  which  puts  the  emphasis  on  Christ's  mes- 
sage to  the  individual  soul,  whether  at  home  or 
abroad,  is  social  service  in  its  essence,  and  it  is 
very  much  more. 

The  records  of  the  United  States  Census  Bureau 
give  the  factory  value  of  the  candy  produced  in 
1909  as  $134,796,000.  The  retail  customer,  of 
course,  paid  much  more  than  this.  In  1912  the 
president  of  the  National  Society  of  American 
Florists  placed  the  amount  spent  annually  for  cut 
flowers  in  the  United  States  at  $65,000,000,  with 
the  probability  that  this  estimate  is  too  conserva- 
tive. The  greater  part  of  this  expenditure  was 
either  by  women  or  for  women.  It  is,  perhaps, 
reasonable  to  assume  that  if  Christian  women 
had  last  year  tithed  their  supply  of  these  luxuries 
alone,  they  might  have  nearly  doubled  their  offer- 
ings for  foreign  missions,  while  if  they  would  be 
willing  to  reduce  their  supply  by  half,  they  might 
at  once  realize  the  $20,000,000  necessary  to  dis- 
charge their  debt  to  the  women  of  non-Christian 
lands  with  a  generous  margin.  The  task  is  very 
much  inore  than  a  matter  of  mere  statistics,  but 
we  can  never  know  the  magnitude  of  the  whole 
undertaking  until  we  burn  some  of  these  facts 
info  our  minds  and  hearts.  The  woman  who 
longs  for  and  seeks  the  world-triumph  of  Christ 
must  face  the  whole  field  of  obligation  both  to 
those  who  need   Him  abroad  and  to  those  who  do 


34 


The  King's  Business 


Visualizing 
the  Task. 


not  realize  their  need  of  Him  at  iiome.     We  nuist 

get  and  keep  the  world-wide  view;   not  that  small 

fraction  of   it  where  our  denomination,  our  state, 

our  local  society  is  at  work. 

Definite  It  means  that  every  member  of  our  missionary 

Personal  Re-    societies  ought  to  do  five  times  as  much    as   her 

sponsi  1  ity.      Y)Qst  previous  effort,  or  enlist  four  other  women  to 

work  by  her  side.      And  so  it  becomes,  after  all, 

no  matter  at  what   angle  we  view  it   in  the  large, 

a  question  of  consecrated    purposes  and  prayers 

and  achievement  in  the  individual. 

7.  In  this  task  there  is  a  share  for  every 
woman.  We  think  in  the  concrete  always  when 
we  think  to  definite  purpose.  Women  have  been 
accused  of  reducing  every  problem  to  the  personal 
equation,  but,  after  all,  the  individual  is  the  unit 
of  measurement  and  our  real  conception  of  values 
when  we  talk  in  millions  is  our  ability  to  visualize 
those  millions  into  the  separate  human  beings  of 
which  they  are  composed.  Just  as  we  must  get 
and  keep  an  adequate  vision  of  the  universal 
need,  we  must  have,  side  by  side  with  that,  an 
adequate  conception  of  the  universal  opportunity. 
If  "the  whole  Church  is  to  give  the  whole  Gospel 
to  the  whole  world, "  it  must  be  individuals  work- 
ing for  individuals.  The  mission  of  the  Church 
will  never  be  accomplished  until  its  separate 
members  get  this  individualized  conception  'of 
obligation.  Christians  must  look  upon  the  life 
with  Christ,  not  as  negative,  an  abstinence  from 
known   sin,  but   as   positive,    a   fellowship   with 


a 

ctf 

a 
Pi 

^•5 


2 

O 

w 
O 

Q 

u 


Q 
O 
O 

XI 

z 
< 

o 

en 

Q 

Z 


o  X 


.2.  « 


:2 


Its   Magnitude  and  Importance  85 

Him  in  the  effort  to  bring  all  other  souls  into  the 
same  relation  with  Christ  as  their  own. 

To  the  Christian  woman,  who  thus  puts  her  Opportunity 
life  in  line  with  the  purpose  of  God,  the  mission  Abroad, 
field  will  present  itself  as  the  crowning  oppor- 
tunity for  the  realization  of  this  purpose.  '  God 
cannot  use  for  His  best  work  anywhere  the  Chris- 
tian who  is  not  willing  to  go  everywhere  He  calls. 
If  we  are  to  send  to  the  foreign  field  even  a 
fraction  of  the  force  which  its  time  of  crisis 
demands,  Vv^e  must  have  the  finest  young  women 
from  our  colleges,  our  churches,  our  homes. 
No  qualifications  are  too  high,  no  talent  need  go 
unused.  In  all  the  range  of  human  effort  there 
is  nowhere  a  greater  diversity  of  opportunity 
than  in  the  field  of  missions. 

At  home  the  opportunity  is  as  broad  as  the  Opportunity 
capabilities  of  the  women  of  America, — more  at  Home, 
than  this,  as  broad  as  the  capabilities  of  the 
women  of  America,  Spirit-filled,  Spirit-led  to  a 
larger  effort  than  any  which  their  virions  have 
shown  them.  To  gather  and  equip  and  support 
this  great  force  of  women  v/ho  are  to  bear  our 
message  of  truth  and  love  to  our  sisters  in  other 
lands, — who  will  say  that  this  is  not  the  most 
difficult  part  of  the  task? 

Its  magnitude  calls   for  leaders  with   the  vision   Call  for 
of  a  seer  and   the  breadth   and   grasp  of  a  states-   Leaders. 
man, — women   with    courage,  with    daring,  with 
imagination,    with    initiative,    with    constructive 
ability.      We  need  the  woman  who  can  lay  large 


86  The  King's  Business 

plans,  and  the  woman  with  patience  and  insight 
and  caution  who  can  work  out  minute  details. 
We  need  the  woman  with  a  gifted  pen,  whose 
vivid  words  will  linger  in  the  memory;  we  need 
the  woman  with  persuasive  voice,  who  can  burn 
facts  into  the  minds  of  her  hearers  and  make 
conditions  live  before  their  eyes;  we  need  women 
with  social  graces  and  women  of  contagious  en- 
thusiasm,—  all  inspired  and  impelled  by  a  sacri- 
ficial surrender  of  lesser  purposes  to  the  plans  of 
Christ.  We  need  these  leaders  at  every  stage  of 
the  work,  from  the  Woman's  Board  to  the  local 
church,  especially  in  the  church,  perhaps,  because 
it  is  there  that  the  solution  of  our  problems  begins. 
In  the  Home.  More  than  anywhere  else  we  need  an  abandon- 
ment to  the  world-purpose  and  plans  of  Christ  at 
the  point  nearest  to  every  woman — in  her  own 
home.  The  future  of  the  cause  of  missions  is  in 
the  hands  of  the  mothers  of  the  world.  Just  as 
the  conquest  of  the  Orient  must  begin  in  its 
homes,  to  an  even  greater  degree  it  depends 
primarily  upon  the  Christian  homes  and  upon  the 
mothers  of  Christian  lands,  who  are  to  train  those 
who  must  supplement  and  complete  our  work 
both  at  home  and  abroad.  The  mother  who 
definitely  surrenders  her  child  from  birth  to  the 
plans  and  purposes  of  Christ,  who  keeps  before 
him  the  world-appeal  for  Christian  service,  who 
trains  him  for  such  service  in  its  largest  sense 
will  project  her  life  into  the  great  need  of  the 
world  at  some  vital  point. 


Its  Magnitude  and  Importance  37 

We  have  spoken  objectively  of  the  need  of  the  Subjective 
women  of  non-Christian  lands  for  our  interest  Appeal, 
and  effort.  The  reverse  side  of  the  shield,  or  the 
subjective  appeal  in  our  need  of  them,  is  not  less 
important.  The  story  of  the  reflex  influence  of 
missions  has  filled  volumes.  Even  in  its  material 
aspect  it  has  directly  or  indirectly  touched  every 
one  of  us.  The  intellectual  quickening  w^hich 
comes  with  this  larger  outlook  on  world  problems 
and  world  possibilities  with  its  many-sided 
appeal  is  of  inestimable  value  to  us.  But  it  is 
our  spiritual  relation  to  the  question  which  is 
fundamental  and  which  needs  finest  interpretation 
because  it  must  be  spiritually  discerned. 

As    individuals  we  need   this   form  of   service.    The  Soul's 
(1)  It  is  essential  to  the  soul's  life  in  Christ.      If   Life  in 
we  need   Christ  at  all,  all   men  and   women  need   ^""^*- 
Him  in  the  same  proportion.    If  He  died  that  we 
might   live,  He  died  not  for  us  alone  but  for  the 
world.      Christ  in  us  means  Christ  living  through 
us  for  all  mankind.      No  woman  who   has   had  a 
vital  religious  experience  in  Christ  can  deny  Him 
to     others    as   a   personal    Saviour,  as    a    Divine 
Redeemer.      Not  only   does  our  spiritual   growth 
demand  that  we  accept  our  part    in    God's  plan, 
but  our  spiritual  vitality  itself  is  threatened  if  we 
refuse  it. 

(2)  We  need  it  for  the  souTs  communion  with   The  Soul's 
Christ.      A  world  purpose  brings  us  at  once  into   Communion 
vital  relationship  with   Him  because   it  makes  us   ^^*        "^** 
sharers  in  the  deepest  longing  of  His  heart.    The 


38 


The  King's  Business 


TKe  Soul's 
Conception 
of  Christ. 


Ground  of 
Unity  and 
Spiritual 
Challenge. 


price  of  nearness  to  Him  is  to  see  what  He  sees, 
love  what  He  loves,  to  give  one's  self  without 
reservation  to  the  ends  which  He  seeks.  Really 
to  know  Christ  we  must  be  one  with  Him  in  this, 
— we  must  enter  into  His  Divine  yearning  to  see 
all  men  brought  to  Him. 

(3)  We  need  it  for  the  soul's  conception  of 
Christ.  It  is  the  central  fact  of  all  history  for  us 
that  Christ  died  that  we  might  live;  that  He  is  of 
value  to  us,  not  only  as  members  of  a  society 
sociallv  redeemed  to  higher  ideals  of  woman- 
hood, but  as  a  personal  Saviour;  that,  as  Christ 
saved  us,  so  every  woman  in  the  world  has  a 
right  to  the  same  privilege  and  our  personal  profit 
becomes  an  obligation  to  those  less  fortunate; 
that  in  this  fact,  all  women  are  one.  We  may 
measure  what  He  really  means  to  us  by  our 
desire  to  give  Him  to  others.  If  He  means  little, 
we  have  little  to  give.  Our  Christ  will  be  just 
as  essential  to  us,  just  as  satisfying  in  meeting 
our  need  as  our  realization  of  His  ability  to  meet 
the  needs  of  all  the  world.  We  cannot  begin  to 
know  what  He  can  do  for  us  until  He  reveals 
Himself  to  us  transfigured  in  those  other  lives  to 
whom  He  is  all  in  all. 

In  addition  to  our  individual  need  this  service 
is  essential  to  us  collectively  as  women  in  the 
church,  as  women  in  society,  because  it  presents 
at  once  the  largest  ground  of  unity  and  the  largest 
spiritual  challenge.  This  is  the  day  of  large 
things — mighty      problems,      giant     enterprises, 


Its  Magnitude  and  importance         39 

limitless  resources.  A  feeble  note  is  lost  in  the 
general  clamor.  Yet  large  interests  fail  to  satisfy 
and,  one  by  one,  they  lose  their  hold. 

Into  the  face  of  the  world's  unrest,  God  flings 
His  challenge  to  a  task  that  will  tax  all  its 
resources,  absorb  its  energies,  be  worthy  of  its 
powers — the  task  of  binding  together  all  nations, 
made  up  of  diverse  peoples  and  races,  into  one 
great  brotherhood  in  Christ.  If  the  vision  of 
this  new  world  fails  to  grip  and  hold  men  and 
women,  it  is  because  we  falter  in  delivering  His 
command.  Deep  in  humanity  is  the  chord  which 
thrills  to  the  note  of  heroism,  as  did  the  knights 
of  old.  Deeper  still  is  the  chord  which  wakes 
to  the  call  of  God.  Women  especially  will 
respond  to  the  spiritual  claim,  if  we  make  it 
large  and  fearless  and  sincere.  We  fail  to  meet 
the  deepest  need  of  the  women  of  our  day,  if  we 
forget  or  neglect  to  offer  them  this  answer  to 
their  eager  questioning  of  life.  A  recent  edi- 
torial in  '^Harper's  Bazar"  recognizes  this  fact: 
'^Nothing  else  but  righteousness  can  solve  our 
biggest  problems  to-day.  Religion  alone  is  the 
solution.  The  modern  woman  is  too  apt  to  put 
her  emphasis  on  'reform'  and  'progress'  rather 
than  on  the  cleansing  fire  of  religion.  She  has 
not  taken  into  account  that  the  greater  the  abuse 
and  the  more  necessary  the  fight,  the  more  tremen- 
dous must  be  the  motive  of  those  who  advance 
against  intrenched  evils.  The  whole  force  of 
love  to  God  and  love  to  men  should  be   behind 


40  The  King's  Business 

them.  Women  should  see  to  it  that  the  public 
opinion  which  they  create — and  they  create  a 
tremendous  amount  of  it — shall  be  interfused 
with  a  passion  for  righteousness,  a  spirit  of 
eager  service  to  God.  Woman  is  the  born  priest- 
ess of  the  race.  She  kindles  the  altar  flame,  she 
waits  before  the  oracles." 

The  Laymen's  Missionary  Movement  has  made 
frequent  use  of  Professor  James'  oft-quoted 
declaration  that  *'our  generation  needs  a  moral 
equivalent  for  war,"  but  our  women  need  it  no 
less  than  the  men.  It  has  been  said  of  the  Civil 
War  that  it  was  a  great  unifying  and  liberating 
force,  freeing  the  w^omen  of  an  earlier  generation 
from  the  conventions  of  their  time,  discovering 
to  them  undreamed  latent  powers  and  sweeping 
them  together  in  a  passion  of  pity  and  patriotism. 

This  war  against  the  forces  of  evil  is  great 
enough  to  unite  the  women  of  our  land  if  we  can 
make  them  know  its  fierce  necessity,  if  we  can 
make  them  see  the  captives  and  the  cruel  bondage 
from  which  we  would  set  the  captives  free.  It 
may  come  as  a  liberating  power  to  the  women  of 
this  generation,  although  the  conventions  which 
bind  them  are  more  complex  and  cling  with  more 
persistent  tentacles.  It  must  discover  to  them 
latent  powers  of  the  spirit  rather  than  of  the  mind 
— the  power  of  prayer,  the  power  of  instant  and 
constant  communion  with  the  Unseen,  the  power 
of  a  Christ-dominated  life.  If  the  spiritual  note 
dominates  all  our  message  to  them,  the  deep  and 


Its  Magnitude  and  Importance  41 

true  places  that  are  in  every  human  heart  will 
respond  as  the  quickening  pulse  answers  the  blast 
of  a  trumpet.  Like  the  clear  call  of  a  bugle 
amid  the  din  and  turmoil  of  a  city  street,  it  will 
seek  them  out  and  bid  them  follow.  Aflame 
with  a  passion  of  pity, — petty  and  trivial  aims 
fused  in  a  higher  patriotism  which  recognizes 
all  the  world  as  God's  family, — we  shall  find 
courage  and  self-sacrifice  at  home  answer  hero- 
ism and  brave  adventure  for  God  and  the  succor 
of  the  oppressed  and  heljDless  abroad,  and 
unitedly  we  shall  go  forth  to  conquest  and  victory 
in  the  name  and  in  the  strength  of  the  world- 
conquering  Christ. 

Trumpeter,  sound  for  the  great  crusade, 

Sound  for  the  power  of  the  Red  Cross  Kings, 

Sound  for  the  passion,  the  splendor,  the  pity 

That  swept  the  world  for  our  Master's  sake. 

Sound  till  the  answering  trumpet  rings 

Clear  from  the  heights  of  the  heavenly  city  ; 

Sound  for  the  tomb  our  lives  have  betrayed, 

Over  ruined  shrine  and  abandoned  wall. 

Trumpeter,  sound  us  the  great  recall. 

Trumpeter,  rally  us,  rally  us,  rally  us, 

Sound  for  the  last  crusade.  Ajr     ■>   -sr 

— Aljred  Noyes. 

QUESTIONS 

At  what  period  of  the  world's  history  has  w^oman  been 
most  useful  to  society?     Why? 

Woman's  leading  qualities  are  said  to  be  the  maternal 
spirit,  the  capacity  for  unselfish  love  and  the  instinct  for 
personal  service.  What  woman's  organization  best  ex- 
emplifies these  qualities? 


42  The  King's   Business 

Can  jou  think  of  any  beneficial  effects  to  be  gained 
from  other  women's  organizations  that  cannot  come 
through  the  missionary  society? 

Can  you  think  of  any  altruistic  service  rendered  by 
other  philanthropic  efforts  not  included  in  the  ministra- 
tions of  the  missionary  society? 

How  many  Christians  in  your  town  in  proportion  to 
non-Christians?     In  your  state?     In   the  United    States? 

How  do  these  figures  compare  with  the  proportion  in 
the  non-Christian  world  ? 

QUESTIONS 

BASED    ON   THE    REPORTS    OF    YOUR    OWN    BOARDS 

For  what  share  of  1he  non-Christian  populations  does 
your  denomination  consider  itself  responsible?  How 
many  of  these  are  women? 

What  is  the  numerical  responsibility  of  your  Woman's 
Board  ? 

What  plans  are  your  Boards  making  to  meet  this 
responsibility? 

How  many  missionaries  has  your  denomination  on  the 
field?  How  many  of  these  are  supported  by  your 
Woman's  Board? 

What  is  the  total  membership  of  your  denomination? 
How  many  of  these  are  women  ? 

What  proportion  of  the  total  membership  in  your  de- 
nomination contributes  to  foreign  missions?  What  is 
the  total  membership  of  women's  missionary  societies? 

What  proportion  of  its  membership  does  your  denom- 
ination send  to  the  foreign  field?     How  many  women? 

What  proportion  ought  you  to  send  to  meet  your 
responsibility?  » 

How  much  money  ought  your  denomination  to  give 
annually  to  discharge  its  responsibility?  How  much 
does  it  give?     What  is  the  per  capita  gift  in  each  case? 

How  does  your  record  compare  with  other  denom' 
inations? 


Its  Magnitude  and  Importance  43 

To  what  extent  is  your  local  church  meeting  its  cor- 
porate responsibility,  and  by  what  methods? 

To  what  extent  is  your  woman's  society  meeting  its 
responsibility? 

Note. — Send  to  the  headquarters  of  your  own  Mis- 
sion Boards  both  for  their  Annual  Reports  and  for 
supplementary  leaflets  containing  the  answers  to  the 
questions  upon  this  and  the  following  chapters  and 
answer  them  all  fully  and  accurately.  The  aim  of  the 
present  study  is  to  help  you  to  gain  a  comprehensive 
and  definite  view  of  your  distinct  responsibility  toward 
the  non-Christian  world  and  of  your  resources  for 
meeting  it.  Its  value  will  dejoend  upon  the  careful 
acquirement  and  practical  application  of  this  knowledge. 

BIBLE    LESSON 

Chrisf  s  Mhsionary  Aim  and  Motive  :  Luke  ii.  49, 
John  iv.  34,  v.  30,  vi.  38. 

''The  Word  and  the  World,"  Martha  T.  Fiske 
(Student  Volunteer  Movement),  contains  much  sugges- 
tive material  for  use  in  this  connection,  especially 
Study  IV,  the  Missionary  Christ,  and  Study  V,  the 
World-Wide  Teaching  of  Christ. 

ILLUSTRATIVE  QUOTATIONS 
"The  destiny  of  nations  lies  far  more  in  the  hands 
of  women — the  mothers — than  in  the  hands  of  those 
who  possess  power.  We  must  cultivate  women,  who 
are  the  educators  of  the  human  race,  else  a  new  genera- 
tion cannot  accomplish  its  task."      (Froebel.) 

"I  wish  I  could  say  something  that  would  make 
women  sensible  of  what  every  woman  owes  to  Christ. 
Everything  that  they  have  Christ  gave  them.  Every- 
thing that  they  are  that  is  worth  being  Christ  has  made 
them.  Many  are  not  Christians,  or  call  themselves 
agnostics  or   skeptics,     Many  deny  Jesus'  deity.     They 


44  The  King's   Business 

have  never  been  won  and  wooed  by  the  sweetness  of 
His  tender  and  perfect  humanitj'.  Why  will  they  keep 
all  that  Christ  has  brought  them,  and  yet  remain 
unwilling  to  acknowledge  that  He  gave  it  to  them?  If 
we  are  willing  to  receive  from  Christ's  hands  Christ's 
blessings,  why  will  we  be  so  dishonest,  so  false,  as  to 
hold  back  from  Christ  the  loyalty  of  life  and  service 
and  love?  I  cannot  refrain  from  saying  one  word  to 
young  women  who  are  hesitating  on  the  threshold  of 
their  life  work.  What  is  h  to'be  as  you  look  out  upon 
it?  An  empty,  aimless  life?  .Life  in  some  American 
town  or  some  American  city,  in  which  you  drop  into 
the  frivolous,  commonplace,  social  existence  of  the 
town  or  the  city  without  any  great,  worthy,  consuming, 
absorbing  passion?  Is  that  to  be  your  life?  There  are 
hundreds  of  young  women  of  whom  that  is  the  life. 
You  know  hundreds.  Is  that  to  be  your  life?  Christ 
did  not  give  us  life  to  spend  in  that  way.  Christ  gave 
us  life  to  pour  out  for  Him.  Christ  gave  us  life  to  use 
for  Him.  Life  is  no  tiny,  petty  bauble  of  that  kind. 
Life  is  a  great,  vv^orthy,  holy  and  divine  thing.  Life  is 
to  be  used  as  a  sacred  trust.  Life  is  to  be  a  cup,  out 
of  which  thirsty  men  and  women  are  to  be  given  drink. 
Our  lives  are  bread,  by  which  hungry  men  and  women 
are  to  be  fed.  We  are  in  the  world,  like  our  Master, 
not  to  be  ministered  unto,  but  to  minister,  and  to  give 
our  lives  as  ransoms  for  many.  Will  we  not  do  that? 
That  is  what  life  is  given  to  us  for. "  (Robert  E.  Speer, 
"Missionary  Principles  and  Practice.") 

''One  of  the  notable  eddies  of  present-day  world 
currents  is  what  has  been  loosely  called  the  'woman 
movement.'  The  sensitive  and  vicarious  spirit  of 
womanhood  has  been  enlisted  for  service  in  behalf  of 
those  who  have  been  denied  a  fair  chance,  or  who  are 
the  victims  of  oppression,  greed  and  ignorance.  In 
some  quarters  this  altogether  noble  and  worthy  senti- 
ment   shows    signs    of    dissipation    and    deterioration. 


Its  Magnitude  and  Importance         45 

Only  a  great  purpose  anJ  a  great  field  can  redeem  and 
preserve  it.  Is  it  unreasonable  to  suggest  that  a  real 
world  movement,  in  behalf  of  the  inarticulate  millions 
who  have  no  means  of  expressing  their  own  needs,  be 
inaugurated — or  expanded,  one  should  more  correctly 
say,  in  the  light  of  what  the  women  of  the  missionary 
societies  are  already  doing. 

"I  am  not  writing  a  missionary  article;  I  am  writing 
about  the  world's  unrest,  which  strikes  its  roots  down 
into  the  nature  and  needs  of  the  mothers  of  men.  This 
strange  tumult  that  is  now  sweeping  over  the  earth  will 
never  be  settled  until  it  is  finally  determined  by  the 
ones  from  whom  the  world  has  ever  got  its  ideals. 
There  is  surely  fairness  and  reason  in  the  suggestion 
that  the  women  of  Christendom  should,  if  necessary, 
even  halt  in  their  own  progress  long  enough  to  lift  the 
women  of  the  land  that  gave  history  its  loveliest 
woman  and  its  knightliest  man.  In  this  day  of  won- 
drously  interwoven  world  relationships,  it  is  impossible 
for  the  women  of  the  West  to  rise  permanently  higher 
than  the  women  of  the  East ;  either  they  must  raise 
their  Oriental  sisters  or  else  ultimately  be  pulled  down 
themselves.  What  the  final  level  of  the  race's  life  must 
be  is  within  the  power  of  womanhood  to  determine." 
(William  T.  Ellis,  "The  Continent.") 

REFERENCE   BOOKS 

1.  The  Relation  of  Woman  to  Labor. 

"  Woman  and  Labor,"  Chapters  I,  II,  III,  Schreiner 
(F.  A.  Stokes  Co.). 

"Mind  and  Work,"  Chapter  XIII,  Gulick  (Double- 
day,  Page  &  Co.). 

2.  Missionary  Aims  and  Motives. 

"Missionary   Principles   and  Practice,"   Chapters   I, 

V,  Speer  (Revell). 
"Christianity    and    the    Nations,"    Chapters    I,    II, 

Speer  (Revell). 


46  The  King's  Business 

"  The  Whj  and  How  of  Foreign  Missions,"  Chapter 

I,  Brown  (Missionary  Education  Movement). 
"  A  Study  of   Christian   Missions,"   Chapters  I,   II, 

Clarke  (Scribner). 
*'  Introduction  to  the  Study  of   Foreign   Missions," 

Chapter    II,    Lawrence     (Student    Volunteer 

Movement). 

3.  World  Evangelization. 

"  World  Missionary  Conference  Report,"  Vol.  I. 

"  The  Decisive  Hour  of  Christian  Missions,"  Mott. 

"  The  Evangelization  of  the  World  in  this  Genera- 
tion," Mott  (Student  Volunteer  Movement). 

"The  Unfinished  Task,"  Chapters  III,  IV,  V  and  X, 
Barton  (Student  Volunteer  Movement). 

"A  Short  Hand-Book  of  Missions,"  Section  III, 
Stock  (Longman's  Green  &  Co.). 

"The  Growth  of  the  Kingdom  of  God,"  Chap- 
ters II,  IX,  Gulick  (Revell). 

4.  Woman  and  Missions. 

"Missionary  Principles  and  Practice,"  Chapter  XL, 
Speer  (Revell). 

pamphlets 

"The  Supreme  Decision,"  Eddy  (Student  Volunteer 
Movement). 

"The  Wonderful  Challenge  to  this  Generation  of 
Christians  ''  (Student  Volunteer  Movement). 

"The  World's  Evangelization,"  Mott  (Student  Vol- 
unteer Movement). 

"The  College  Woman's  Opportunity,"  Thurston 
(Student  Volunteer  Movement). 

"Orient  and  Opportunity',"  Burton  (Woman's  Bap- 
tist Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the  West). 


CHAPTER  II. 


CAMPAIGNING    FOR   THE    KING 


OUTLINE    OF   CHAPTER   II 

Aim  :   To  present  the  Mission  Boards  as  the  channel 
through  which  the  Church  discharges  its  debt  to  the  non- 
Christian  world  ;  to  understand  their  scope  and  work  and 
their  relation  to  the  women  of  the  Church. 
I.     Need  of  Centralization  in  Missions. 

1.  Independent  missions. 

2.  Denominational  mission  boards. 
Range'of  activities,  duties,. officers. 

II.     Women's  Mission  Boards. 
Classified  as  to  scope. 

1.  Territory. 

2.  Field. 

3.  Constituency. 

4.  Form  of  organization,  menibership,  meetings, 

departments,    officers,    committees,    head- 
quarters. 

5.  Work    prosecuted     and     relation    to    general 

Boards. 

III.  The  Mission  Board's  Three  Points  of  Contact. 

1.  With  the  whole  enterprise. 

2.  With  the  field  and  the  missionary. 

3.  With  the  home  base. 

IV.  Development  of  Home  Base. 
Fundamental  principles, 

1.  Commission  universal. 

2.  Spiritual  emphasis. 

3.  Trained  leadership. 

4.  Life  enlistment. 

5.  Definite  policy. 


CHAPTER    II 


CAMPAIGXING    FOR    THE    KING 


TKe  Evan- 
gelization 
of  the 
World,  the 
Supreme 
Business  of 
the  Church. 

Our  United 
Resources. 


The  missionary  enterprise  is  a  crusade,  but 
it  is  a  twentieth  century  crusade,  infused  not  only 
with  the  spirit  of  courage  and  sacrifice^  but  with 
modern  methods  of  strategy,  far-sighted  planning 
and  wise  conservation.  Its  aim  is  not  to  rescue 
the  tomb  of  a  dead  Christ,  but  to  make  the  living 
Christ  King  over  all  nations.  It  is  more  than  a 
crusade;  it  is  the  established  campaign  of  a  great 
army,  whose  ranks,  recruited  from  every  land 
and  people,  gather  strength  and  volume  as  they 
march;  an  army  which  combines  the  science  of  a 
highly  organized  and  Divinely  equipped  warfare 
with  the  dignity  and  sagacity  of  a  civil  service, 
transacting  a  King's  business;  and  under  the 
direction  of  a  General  whose  ultimate  victory 
waits  only  on  implicit  obedience  to  His  com- 
mands. 

If  the  supreme  business  of  the  Church  of 
Christ  is  the  evangelization  of  the  world,  the 
supreme  duty  of  the  Church  is  to  devote  itself 
with  a  purity  of  aim,  a  tenacity  of  purpose,  an 
ardor  of  conviction  hitherto  unattained,  to  the 
fulfillment  of  this  duty  until  its  mission  be 
accomplished. 

Never  have  we  been  so  amply  equipped  in 
human    instrumentalities    for   an   immediate    ad- 


Campaigning  for  the  King  49 

vance  to  triumphant  success.  The  World  Mis- 
sionary Conference,  held  at  Edinburgh  in  June, 
1910,  in  its  scope  and  plan,  in  its  personnel,  in 
the  spirit  which  pervaded  it,  in  the  preparation 
which  preceded  it,  in  the  results  which  have 
already  followed  it,  was  undoubtedly  the  most 
significant  assembly  ever  held  in  the  interest  of 
world  evangelization.  The  most  difficult  part  of 
the  task  is  not  on  the  foreign  field,  but  it  is  the 
problem  of  securing  at  home  the  support  neces- 
sary to  the  successful  prosecution  of  any  advance 
policy  abroad.  It  is  to  the  lasting  shame  of  the 
home  Church  that  this  should  be  constantly 
named  as  the  hard  end  of  the  missionary  problem, 
not  only  by  the  leaders  in  Christian  lands  but  by 
the  missionaries  who  face  almost  insuperable 
difficulties  and  dangers  abroad.  It  should  be  our 
crowning  joy  that,  with  the  Divine  help  which 
may  be  ours  for  the  asking,  this  is  precisely  the 
difficulty  which  it   is  within  our  power  to  efface. 

Never  has  there   been  a  time  when    loyal    sup-   Loyalty  a 
port  of   the  recognized   and   established    agencies   Present 
for  missionary  effort   was  more    imperative,  even   Essential, 
if  we  look  at  it  merely  from  the  selfish  standpoint 
of   wise    conservation   of   the    investment   of   our 
own  gifts  of  money,  time  and   personality.      Stu- 
pendous   changes   are   taking  place   with    almost 
lightning-like  rapidity ;   issues  affecting  the  whole 
future  of  the  Christian  Church  among  vast  bodies 
of  people  are  involved.     Experiments  and  amateur 
administration     are     too    costly     for    times    that 


50 


The  King's  Business 


Independent 
Missions. 


Should  Kave 
Independent 
Support. 


demand  leaders  whose  prophetic  vision  is  tem- 
pered by  the  practical  experience  of  the  success- 
ful business  man  and  the  sane  judgment  of  the 
statesman. 

Independent  missions  are  in  some  instances 
like  wild-cat  banking  schemes  or  local  insurance 
companies  and  appeal  for  support  to  the  same 
characteristics  in  human  nature.  They  are  based 
almost  wholly  on  personality;  they  localize  inter- 
est upon  definite  points  in  equipment  and  opera- 
tion; they  claim  to  be  conducted  more  cheaply, 
and  seem  to  offer  larger  returns  on  an  investment. 
As  a  matter  of  fact,  they  usually  result  in  a  lavish 
waste  of  money  and  life  that  is  disheartening, 
and  that  involves  not  only  the  immediate  loss, 
but  the  permanent  estrangement  of  contributors 
from  any  form  of  missionary  work.  They  do  not 
have  a  strong,  continuous  policy;  they  do  not 
establish  a  permanent  and  increasingly  effective 
work.  Very  often  they  do  not  render  accurate 
and  detailed  reports  of  receipts  and  manner  of 
disbursement  of  funds  to  their  supporters.  Where 
they  do,  and  where  a  fair  comparison  is  made, 
the  balance  is  usually  in  favor  of  the  established 
Mission  Board. 

We  can  all  probably  cite  undenominational  and 
independent  missions  against  which  this  seems 
too  severe  an  arraignment, — missions  that  are  un- 
questioned agencies  of  blessing  in  isolated  fields. 
For  them  we  have  no  word  of  criticism;  but 
their  supporters  should   come  from  those  outside 


Campaigning  for  the  King  51 

the  recognized  and  rightful  constituency  of  the 
denominational  Boards.  This  really  allows  them 
a  larger  field  in  which  to  solicit  contributions 
than  has  any  denominational  Board,  since  church 
members  number  but  one  fourth  the  population 
of  the  United  States. 

For  us,    the   members   of   Christian   churches,    Ckurck 
the  right   channel    for  the    expression  of   interest  Members 
in  the  foreign  field  is  the  authorized  agent  of  our  s*^""^*^  ^"P~ 

,  .  .  T-r  1  port  Denomi- 

own   denomination,      if   we   do   not   support  our        .      , 

^  ^  national 

own  Boards,  no  one  else  is  likely  to  do  so,  and  Boards, 
the  consequences  of  our  neglect  will  fall  where 
our  stanchest  loyalty  is  due.  The  evangeliza- 
tion of  the  world  is  a  transcendent  enterprise;  it 
will  never  be  accomplished  by  sporadic  enthu- 
siasm, however  genuine.  The  existence  of  the 
Mission  Board  pre-supposes  that  it  was  created, 
not  for  independent  purposes,  but  as  the  agent  of 
the  church  members  who  share  equally  with  it 
the  responsibilities  with  which  it  is  entrusted. 
The  denominational  Mission  Board  is  the  Church 
at  work, — the  point  of  contact  between  the  fields 
and  the  congregation,  or  the  interested  individual. 

Although    variously    designated    as   a   Society,    Tbe  Mission. 
Union,    Committee,  or   Board   of   Managers,    the  Board 
Board   as  generally  understood   is  a  limited  num-      ^  ^^^  • 
ber  of  men  or   women   who   give   their  services 
without    charge,    together    with    the   necessarily 
paid  executive  and   office  force,  and  who  meet  at 
stated     intervals    to    transact    the    affairs   of  the 
organization.      The  indivi  dual  member  of  ^  local 


52  The  King's  Business 

church,  who  has  never  visited   the   headquarters 
of  a  Mission  Board   or  made  a  study  of   its  work 
has  no  conception  of   its  range  or  of  the  difficul- 
ties involved  in  its  complex  administration. 
"Wide  Range  **Foreign  missionary  work,"  says   Dr.  Arthur 

of  Activities,  j^  Brown,  'Ms  in  remote  lands,  in  different  lan- 
guages, among  diverse  peoples.  It  is,  moreover, 
a  varied  and  complex  work, — including  not  only 
churches,  but  day  schools,  boarding  schools,  in- 
dustrial schools,  normal  schools;  colleges,  aca- 
demic, medical  and  theological;  inquirers' 
classes,  hospitals  and  dispensaries;  the  transla- 
tion, publishing  and  selling  of  books  and  tracts; 
the  purchase  and  care  of  property ;  the  health  and 
homes  and  furloughs  of  missionaries;  fluctuating 
currencies  of  many  kinds;  negotiations  with 
governments,  and  a  mass  of  details  little  under- 
stood by  the  home  Church.  Problems  and  inter- 
relations with  other  work  are  involved,  which  call 
for  an  expert  knowledge,  only  possible  to  one 
who  devotes  his  entire  time  to  their  acquisition. " 
("The  Why  and  How  of  Foreign  Missions.") 
Complex  Dr.  Edwin  M.  Bliss  affirms  that  there  is  prob- 

Duties.  ably  no  other  organization  in  the  world  except  a 

national  government  which  carries  on  as  varied 
and  as  important  lines  of  business  as  does  a 
foreign  missionary  society,  and  thus  enumerates 
some  of  them:  ''A  vast  employment  agency;  a 
publishing  house,  the  compeer  of  the  great  firms 
of  our  cities;  a  trust  company  handling  large 
sums  of   money,  only  a  portion  of   which    is   for 


Campaigning  for  the  King 


its  own  work;  a  purchasing  agency;  a  relief 
commission;  a  board  of  education,  medical  aid 
and  general  philanthropy,  asocial  reform  bureau ; 
a  bureau  of  information,  scientific,  archaeological, 
ethnological,  political,  as  well  as  religious;  all 
these  and  much  more,  in  addition  to,  and  sub- 
sidiary to,  its  main  purpose  of  extending  the 
knowledge  of  salvation  in  Jesus  Christ."  ("The  ' 
Missionary  Enterprise.") 

One  more  quotation, — from  Dr.  William  N.  High  Quality 
Clarke's  "A  Study  of  Christian  Missions":  of  Off  Jeers. 
'*ln  respect  of  responsibility  and  laboriousness, 
there  is  scarcely  any  other  Christian  service  that 
is  comparable  to  that  of  the  officers  of  such 
societies.  Missionary  secretaries  have  to  conduct 
a  work  of  which  the  delicacy  and  difficulty  are 
very  largely  unappreciated.  It  can  scarcely  be 
otherwise,  for  very  few  persons  know  missionary 
operations  from  the  inside,  and  most  Christians 
have  no  experience  that  w^ould  help  them  to  enter 
into  the  problems  of  the  Missionary  Board.  But 
the  fact  ought  to  be  taken  more  closely  home  to 
the  popular  Christian  heart,  that  a  missionary 
society  is  conducting  a  work  of  exceptional  mag- 
nitude and  difficulty,  under  conditions  that  render 
misjudgment  of  its  doings  extremely  easy;  and 
that  its  officers  deserve  sympathetic  and  respect- 
ful judgment  from  all  their  brethren." 

Mrs.  William  A.  Montgomery  has  given  us  in  R{se  of 
''Western  Women  in  Eastern   Lands"  the  history   Women's 
of  the  rise  of  Women's  Boards,  their  organiza-  boards. 


54  The  King's  Business 

tion  and  development.  In  the  beginning,  they 
were  purely  aid  societies  for  the  collection  of 
funds  and  closely  auxiliary  to  the  general  Boards. 
As  their  resources  have  increased,  however, 
their  field  of  work  has  widened,  until  in  some 
cases  they  now  operate  as  extensively  as  the 
general  Boards  themselves,  commissioning  work- 
ers, supporting  entire  stations,  holding  real 
estate,  building  and  completely  equipping  schools 
and  hospitals;  carrying  on  successfully  activities 
as  multiform  as  the  scope  of  the  missionary 
enterprise. 
Responsi-  Our  detailed   study  of   their  birth    and   growth 

bility  of  tbe  j-j^g  taught  US  that  God  has  abundantly  blessed 
the  women's  organizations  to  those  identified 
with  them,  in  intellectual  stimulus  and  training, 
as  a  means  of  spiritual  self-expression,  and  in 
tangible  results  on  mission  fields.  It  is  true  that 
only  a  small  fraction  of  the  women  enrolled  as 
members  of  our  churches  has  been  touched  by 
these  beneficent  influences,  or  had  any  share  in 
the  results  attained.  It  is  also  true  that  the  debt 
of  the  Church  to  the  non-Christian  world  can 
never  be  discharged  until  its  entire  membership 
is  aroused  to  prayerful  and  whole-hearted  co- 
operation, and  that,  under  God,  the  whole  burden 
of  responsibility  rests  with  those  of  us  who  know 
and  recognize  its  import,  until  we  enlist  the 
others  to  see  it  with  us.  We  can  never  give  to 
others  an  outlook  wider  than  our  own.  We  can 
never  interest  others   in  a   work  with    which    we 


Aroused 
Minority 


Campaigning  for  the  King  55 

are  vaguely  or  imperfectly  familiar.  We  must 
know  its  boundaries,  its  intricate  machinery,  its 
limitations,  its  perplexities,  its  successes,  its 
hopes  and  fears,  its  ultimate  possibilities. 

Are  we  willing  to  give  ourselves  for  one  year  Call  to  a 
to  such  a  detailed  study  of  the  work  of  our  own  Year  of 
denominational  Boards,  faithful,  thorough,  sym-  I^^^^nsive 
pathetic,  personal,  prayerful?  As  members  of 
Women's  Clubs,  we  have  spent  a  year  on  an 
intensive  study  of  one  author,  of  one  phase  of 
history,  perhaps  of  one  play  of  Shakespeare. 
Are  we  willing  to  bring,  to  this  study  the  same 
large  grasp,  keen  judgment,  wide  research, 
appreciative  enjoyment?  It  is  safe  to  prophesy 
that  it  will  yield  in  kind  and  degree  just  the 
results  we  seek  and  expect  to  find.  The  churches 
have  entrusted  to  their  Mission  Boards  the 
guidance  of  their  greatest  task,  the  work  indeed 
for  which  the  Church  itself  exists.  Some  of  the 
strongest,  finest  men  and  women  whom  the 
Church  rejoices  to  claiin  in  its  ranks  give  this 
work  first  place  in  their  lives,  pouring  into  it 
unstintedly  time  and  thought  and  self-sacrificing 
effort.  Is  it  not  worthy  of  the  same  concentrated 
study  from  us  for  at  least  one  year? 

Fifty-eight  Women's   Boards   reported    to  the   Totals  for 
Ninth     Interdenominational     Conference     of   Women s 

T>  1 

Women's    Boards   of    Foreign  Missions,  held  in      °^^  ^' 
Philadelphia  in  February,  1912,  and   eight  more 
are  listed  by  the  World   Atlas  of   Christian  Mis- 
sions.    Of  this   number  fifty-five  are  located   in 


56 


The  King's  Business 


Points  of 
Comparison 
and  Contrast. 


the  United  States,  ten  in  Canada,  and  one  in  the 
Pacific  Islands.  They  represent  nearly  sixty 
thousand  auxiliary  societies,  enrolling  more  than 
two  million  members.  Their  gifts  for  foreign 
missions  aggregated  during  the  Jubilee  Year  over 
four  million  dollars  in  money.  The  wealth  of 
life  and  love  freely  poured  out  in  world-wide 
service  cannot  be  reduced  to  figures. 

In  the  brief  outline  possible  in  these  pages, 
only  bare  mention  can  be  made  of  the  points*  in 
common  and  points  in  contrast  in  the  various 
Women's  Boards,  witii  occasional  distinctive 
features  in  organization  or  operation  which  give 
strength  and  increased  power  and  efficiency.  It 
is  pre-supposed  that  the  individual  society  or 
member  will  supplement  this  skeleton  with  the 
printed  report  of  her  own  Board  and  all  addi- 
tional information  obtainable. 

It  is  also  pre-supposed  that  she  will  bring  to 
the  study  three  essentials  to  its  successful  issue; 
a  deep  and  true  loyalty  to  the  agency  which  con- 
nects her  with  her  definite  responsibility  in  the 
regions  beyond  ;  abroad  and  catholic  spirit  which 
will  enable  her  to  recognize  and  appropriate  the 
points  of  excellence  in  the  work  of  other  Boards ; 
and  a  keen  and  constant  sense  of  personal  par- 
ticipation in  it  all  and  of  personal  application  of 
all  knowledge  gained.  Women  have  sometimes 
been  accused  of  being  too  concrete  in  all  their 
efforts,  but  herein  lies  the  chief  strength  of  such 
^  study  as  the  present.      At  its  close  we  must  be 


Campaigning  for  the  King  57 

very  sure  of  our  pride  and  joy  in  our  own  Board, 
but  it  must  be  based  on  proven  adaptability  to 
meet  our  own  peculiar  needs  and  opportunities. 
No  loyalty  less  intelligent  has  meaning  or  value 
either  to  the  Board  or  to  the  individual  concerned. 

In  a  broad   general   way,  all  Women's  Boards   Classification 
may  be  classified   under   five   heads:   as   to  scope   of  Women's 

(1)  of  territory  embraced    in   their  jurisdiction;      °*^  ^" 

(2)  of  the  field  in  which  they  work;  (3)  of  the 
constituency  to  which  they  appeal;  (4)  of  their 
organization  and  personnel;  (5)  of  work  prose- 
cuted and  their  relation  to  the  general  denomi- 
national Boards. 

As  regards   the  territory  under   their   jurisdic-   Territory  of 

tion,  in  all  but  four  denominations  the  Women's   Women  s 

-pi 

Boards  are  national  in  scope.  For  the  Congre- 
gational Church  there  are  three  in  the  United 
States  and  two  in  Canada,  although  steps  have 
been  taken  to  unite  the  Canadian  Boards.  The 
four  Women's  Boards  of  the  Canadian  Baptist 
Church  are  also  in  a  transition  period  since  the 
union  of  the  general  Boards  to  which  they  are 
auxiliary  has  already  been  accomplished.  In 
the  United  States,  there  are  three  Women's 
Boards  for  the  recently  united  Northern  and  Free 
Baptists,  one  for  the  Southern  Baptists  and  one 
for  the  colored  Baptists.  The  Woman's  Board 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  is  divided 
into  eleven  Branches,  which,  while  they  main- 
tain partial  independence  in  organization  and 
work,  unite  in  a  General  Executive  Committee, 


58  The  King's  Business 

regularly  officered  and  formally  incorporated, 
which  conducts  a  central  office  in  New  York 
City.  There  are  also  distinct  national  Boards 
for  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South 
and  for  the  Free  Methodist,  Wesleyan  Methodist, 
Methodist  Protestant,  African  Methodist  and 
Canadian  Methodist.  In  the  Presbyterian  denom- 
ination, there  are  two  Women's  Boards  in 
Canada,  while  six  divide  the  United  States  ter- 
ritorially. These  six  Boards  unite  in  a  Central 
Committee,  informally  organized,  whose  General 
Secretary  in  New  York  is  the  medium  of  com- 
munication between  the  Women's  Boards  and 
the  general  Board.  There  is  a  distinct  national 
Board  for  the  United  Presbyterians  and  a  recently 
organized  Woman's  Auxiliary  of  the  general 
Board  of  the  Southern  Presbyterians. 

There  are  two  Women's  Boards  representing 
respectively  the  Evangelical  and  the  United 
Evangelical  Churches, — three  representing  differ- 
ent branches  of  the  Lutheran  Church  and  two  the 
branches  of  the  Reformed  Church.  The  Protes- 
tant Episcopal  in  the  United  States  has  one,  there 
is  one  auxiliary  to  the  Church  of  England  in 
Canada  and  the  Reformed  Episcopal  has  one. 
The  Christian  Woman's  Board  of  Missions  of 
the  Disciples  of  Christ  must  not  be  confused  with 
the  Woman's  Board  ior  Foreign  Missions  of  the 
Christian  Church  which  is  a  different  denomina- 
tion. These  with  tlie  Boards  representing  the 
Advent,    Church    of  God,  Friends,    and    United 


Campaigning  for  the  King  59 

Brethren  Churches  and  the  Interdenominational 
Woman's  Union  Missionary  Society  are  national 
in  territory  and  complete  the  list  reporting  to  the 
Triennial  Conference  in  February,  1912.  The 
Women's  Boards  of  the  Christian  Church,  of  the 
Lutheran  General  Council  and  of  the  Friends 
are  in  fact  more  than  national  since  they  have 
auxiliary  societies  both  in  the  United  States  and 
in  Canada. 

2.  Again  as  to  the  limitations  of  the  field  in  Field  of 
which  they  work,  there  is  a  diversity  of  organiza-  Operation, 
tion.  Some  of  the  Women's  Boards  work  jointly 
for  both  home  and  foreign  missions,  some  are 
organized  separately.  To  the  latter  class  belong 
the  Women's  Boards  of  the  Northern  Baptist 
Church,  of  the  Christian,  Congregational  in  the 
United  States,  Reformed  Episcopal,  Friends, 
Methodist  Episcopal  (not  the  Methodist  Episco- 
pal, South),  Free  Methodist,  Methodist  Protes- 
tant, Presbyterian,  Reformed  in  America  and 
the  Woman's  Union  Society.  To  the  former 
class  belong  all  Boards  not  enumerated.  This 
study  deals  only  with  the  work  for  foreign  mis- 
sions. 

3.  Constituency.  The  primary  appeal  of  the  Constituency. 
Woman's  Board  is,  of  course,  to  the  Christian 
women  of  the  denomination  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected. Its  larger  appeal  must  be  made  to  all 
women  who  enjoy  the  privileges  with  which  the 
religion  of  Jesus  Christ  blesses  those  who  come 
within  its  sphere  of  influence. 


60 


The  King*s  Business 


Ckildren's 
and  Young 
People's 
Societies. 


Tke  Mission 
Band. 


Sunday 
Schools. 


Recognizing  that  we  only  partially  meet 
present  duty  if  we  neglect  to  provide  for  the 
future,  all  Women's  Boards  make  more  or  less 
effort  in  behalf  of  the  young  people  and  chil- 
dren, and  this  is  usually  regarded  as  their  legiti- 
mate field  by  the  general  Boards.  The  majority 
have  created  young  women's  branches  and  in- 
creasing emphasis  is  placed  on  the  training  along 
parallel  and  specific  lines  of  those  who  must 
succeed  to  our  responsibilities,  and  upon  closer 
affiliation  with  our  women's  societies.  Many  are 
called  simply  Young  Women's  Branches  or 
Circles.  Among  more  definite  designations  are 
the  Daughters  of  the  King,  and  Daughters  of  the 
Covenant    of    the    Congregational     Church,    the 

Westminster  Guild  of  the  Presbvterian,  Farther 

■J  ' 

Lights  of  the  Baptist,  and  the  Standard  Bearers 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

The  old-time  Mission  Band  which  was  the 
window  through  which  many  of  us  caught  our 
first  glimpse  of  the  great  unknown  world  still 
exists,  but  is  less  frequently  used  than  it  deserves. 
It  is  to  be  doubted  whether  newer  agencies  that 
have  succeeded  it  are  fulfilling  its  purpose. 
Baby  Bands,  Junior  and  Intermediate  Christian 
Endeavor  Societies  and  in  many  denominations 
the  Senior  Young  People's  Societies  are  the 
charges  of  Women's  Boards,  and  contribute 
through  their  treasuries. 

A  few  Women's  Boards  appeal  also  to  Sunday 
Schools.      By    an    agreement    with    the    general 


Campaigning  for  the  King  61 

Board,  the  women  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
receive  all  gifts  from  Young  People's  Societies 
and  the  general  Board  those  from  Sunday  Schools, 
no  matter  to  which  organization  they  may  be  sent 
by  bewildered  local  treasurers. 

The  Woman's  Board  of  the  Methodist  Church 
in  Canada  collects  no  funds  in  Sunday  Schools, 
but  receives  twenty  per  cent  of  all  such  funds 
paid  into  the  treasury  of  its  general  Board,  and 
the  two  Boards  unite  in  promoting  missionary 
education  in  the  Sunday  School.  The  Woman's 
Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  in  its  constitution  pledges 
itself  not  to  raise  its  funds  "by  collections  or 
subscriptions  taken  in  any  regular  church  service 
or  in  any  Sunday  School."  The  Christian 
Woman's  Board  of  Missions,  on  the  contrary, 
avails  itself  of  every  field  in  the  range  of  the 
Church's  activities,  a  local  church  sometimes 
uniting  all  its  gifts  from  every  source  in  the 
support  of  a  missionary  commissioned  by  the 
Woman's  Board.  The  United  Brethren,  the  Dis- 
ciples of  Christ  and  the  Canadian  Methodist 
churches  set  aside  one  Sunday  each  year  as  a 
Woman's  Day,  when  some  advance  work  is  pre- 
sented to  the  whole  Church  by  each  local  woman's 
society,  and  an  offering  taken  in  their  behalf. 

4.   As    to    membership,    form   of    organization   Organi: 
and  meetings.     The  Protestant  Episcopal,  South-   Hon. 
ern    Baptist  and   Presbyterian   denominations,  by 
action    of    their    national     assemblies,     consider 


62 


The  King's  Business 


every  woman  who  is  a  member  of  the  church  a 
member  of  the  missionary  society.  When  she 
becomes  an  active,  contributing  member,  she 
voluntarily  ratifies  this  declaration  of  the  supreme 
governing  body  of  her  church.  In  compiling 
statistics,  membership  is  reckoned,  of  course,  on 
the  latter  basis. 
Memterskip.  In  the  Advent,  Northern  and  Free  Baptist, 
Congregational,  Church  of  England,  Friends, 
Reformed  in  America,  Lutheran,  Canadian  Pres- 
byterian, United  Brethren  and  Methodist  denom- 
inations, the  woman's  organization  is  a  great 
national  society  in  which  in  some  cases  the  pay- 
ment of  one  dollar  annually,  in  others  member- 
ship in  any  auxiliary  society,  constitutes  one  a 
member.  The  payment  of  five  dollars  annually 
makes  one  a  member  of  the  general  organization 
of  the  Christian  Woman's  Board  of  Missions, 
which,  however,  does  not  entitle  to  membership 
in  a  local  society.  In  the  other  denominations, 
the  factors  in  the  national  organization  are  the 
district  or  state  societies  in  which  local  auxili- 
aries are  united.  While  it  is  perhaps  a  difference 
in  manner  of  statement  rather  than  in  spirit, 
there  is  a  solidarity  in  the  thought  of  one  great 
organic  society  in  which  all  women  of  a  denomi- 
nation join. 
Auxiliary  The     gradations     in    organization    from    local 

Societies.  societies  to  the  Board  differ  little  except  in  name. 

The  unit  is  the  society  in  the  local  church,  called 
the   auxiliary,  the   circle,  the  branch,  the  parish 


Campaigning  for  the  King  63 

society;  next,  the  district  organization  in  which 
a  number  of  local  societies  are  joined,  known 
in  the  Baptist  and  Congregational  denominations 
as  the  associational,  in  the  Presbyterian  and 
United  Presbyterian  as  the  presbyterial,  in  the 
Friends  and  Free  Baptist  as  the  quarterly  meet- 
ing and  in  the  Reformed  as  the  classical  society. 
Next  in  rank  are  the  state  organizations  called  by 
the  Presbyterian,  Lutheran  and  Reformed  denom- 
inations the  Synodical  Society,  by  the  Episcopal 
and  Church  of  England  the  Diocesan,  by  the 
Methodist  and  Christian  the  Conference,  by  the 
Congregational,  Canadian  Methodist  and  United 
Brethren,  the  Branch,  by  the  Friends  and  Free 
Baptists  the  Yearly  Meeting  and  by  others  simply 
the  State  Society.  The  latter  organizations  do 
not  always  conform  to  state  boundaries,  but  in 
the  majority  of  cases  the  classification  holds 
good.  Two  denominations  have  an  additional 
step  between  the  state  organization  and  the 
Board.  The  Christian  groups  its  conferences  in 
the  United  States  and  Canada  into  four  conven- 
tions. The  eleven  Branches  of  the  Woman's 
Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  each  of  which  includes  sev- 
eral conferences,  may  virtually  be  likened  to 
Boards  in  the  scope  and  independence  of  their 
work.  In  this  study  the  general  terms,  "local" 
or  "auxiliary  society"  and  "district"  and  "state 
societies,"  will  be  used  broadly  as  applying  to 
all  denominations. 


64 


The  King's  Business 


General 
Society. 


Meetings. 


Although  variously  designated  as  a  Society, 
Union,  Council,  Auxiliary,  Association,  or  as  a 
Board,  the  great  general  organization  is  that  body 
which  unites  the  women  of  a  denomination  either 
nationally  or  in  a  specified  division  of  territory 
in  their  effort  to  give  the  Gospel  of  Christ  to 
those  in  need. 

With  but  one  or  two  exceptions,  all  these 
organizations  are  incorporated  bodies,  formally 
organized  under  a  constitution  and  by-laws.  The 
notable  exception  is  the  Woman's  Auxiliary  of 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  which  strictly 
speaking  is  not  a  Woman's  Board  at  all.  It  is 
not  incorporated  and  has  no  constitution  or  by- 
laws; but  is  composed  of  a  body  of  separate 
diocesan  organizations  which  all  obtain  informa- 
tion from  and  send  reports  to  the  missionary  head- 
quarters of  the  Auxiliary  in  New  York  City. 
Next  to  this  in  simplicity  of  organization  is  the 
Woman's  Missionary  Union,  auxiliary  to  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention;  which  is  also  a 
union  of  state  organizations,  but  with  constitu- 
tion and  by-laws  and  a  full  register  of  officers  and 
committees.  Similar  in  organization  to  the 
Southern  Baptists  are  the  Woman's  Union  of  the 
Friends,  the  Southern  Presbyterian  Woman's 
Auxiliary  and  the  Woman's  Conferences  of  the 
Lutheran  General  Council  and  of  the  United 
Synod  of  the  South. 

The  meetings  of  these  general  organizations 
are   held  in    most   cases   annually,    by   a  number 


Campaigning  for  the  King  65 

biennially,  in  a  few  cases  triennially,  or  quadren- 
nially. At  these  meetings  reports  are  given, 
officers  and  members  elected,  advance  policies 
discussed  and  adopted.  While  their  inspirational 
quality  is  emphasized  and  a  general  attendance 
is  welcomed,  they  are  in  most  cases  delegated 
bodies.  The  majority  of  Woman's  Boards  confer 
voting  power  in  these  meetings  only  upon  the 
auxiliary  society  next  in  rank,  either  upon  its 
officers  alone,  or  upon  a  prescribed  number  of 
additional  delegates;  although  the  Friends  and 
the  Congregational  Societies  of  the  Interior  and 
the  Pacific  and  the  Presbyterian  Boards  of  Phil- 
adelphia, of  the  Northwest  and  of  the  North 
Pacific,  with  the  Canadian  Boards  of  both  denom- 
inations, extend  it  to  representatives  of  local  socie- 
ties. All  organizations  have  Life  Members. 
The  fee  varies  from  ten  to  twenty-five  dollars; 
the  title  being  purely  honorary  in  some  cases,  and 
in  others  carrying  voting  power  in  the  Annual 
Meeting.  Some  Boards  also  establish  Honorary 
Members  and  Life  Directors  on  payment  of  from 
twenty-five  to  one  hundred  dollars. 

In   the    interim   between   these   annual    or  bi-   Woman's 
ennial  meetings  and  for  all  practical  business  pur-   Board 
poses,  each  general   society  commits  its  adminis-  •^"^°^"- 
tration  to  a  limited  body,  varying  in  size   in  the 
different     denominations     from     nine    to    ninety 
members.       Whether   designated    as    a   Board    of 
Managers,  Board   of   Directors,  Executive   Com- 
mittee,   or    Board    of    Trustees,     it     is    the    real 


Members. 


66  The  King's  Business 

Woman's  Board,  as  the  term  is  popularly  under- 
stood, and  as  it  will  be  used  in  this  study.  In 
any  case  it  represents  a  comparatively  small 
number  of  women  who  live  at  or  near  the  head- 
quarters of  the  society,  upon  whom,  too  often, 
the  whole  burden  of  care  and  responsibility  for 
the  work  committed  to  the  general  society  seems 
to  rest. 
Qualifica-  For    this   servi-ce    the    strongest    women    of    a 

tions  of  denomination  in  the  city  where  the   headquarters 

Board  are  located  are  usually  drafted.      One  Board  thus 

enumerates  some  of  the  necessary  qualifications: 
*  ^Personal  consecration  to  the  Master,  intelligent 
interest  in  foreign  missions,  promptness,  per- 
sistence, courtesy,  self-control,  ability  to  work 
harmoniously  with  others  and  loyalty  to  consti- 
tuted authority."  There  can  be  no  stronger 
proof  of  the  ability  of  large  tasks  to  attract  to 
themselves  women  capable  of  discharging  them 
than  the  voluntary  and  arduous  service  so  freely 
poured  out  by  these  representatives  of  the  women 
of  our  churches.  They  are  women  who  not  only 
make  great  personal  sacrifices  for  this  lavish  ex- 
penditure of  time  and  effort,  but  upon  whom,  in 
our  complex  modern  life,  unusual  demands  are 
made  along  many  lines.  Many  of  them  forego 
attractive  opportunities  for  usefulness  in  other 
fields,  because  these  conflict  with  this  to  which 
they  have  given  first  place  in  their  lives.  The 
woman  who  resigned  the  presidency  of  one  of  the 
largest  and  most   influential   Women's   Clubs   in 


Campaigning  for  the  King  67 

the  country  because  it  interfered  with  the  dis- 
charge of  her  duties  as  president  of  her  Woman's 
Board  is  only  one  of  many.  No  other  large 
organizations  of  women  can  show  a  greater 
diversity  of  gifts  in  the  personnel  of  their  manage- 
ment, none  a  more  loyal  devotion  to  the  princi- 
ples for  which  they  stand. 

The  members  of  the  Boards  and,  in  some  cases,  Organiza- 
their  officers  are  elected  at  the  annual  meetings  tion  of  the 
of  the  general  society.  In  other  cases,  the  offi-  ^o**"**^- 
cers  are  elected  by  the  Board  itself  at  its  first 
meeting  each  year.  Members  of  the  Board  are 
elected  for  periods  varying  from  one  to  four 
years,  either  by  ballot  with  nominations  directly 
from  the  floor,  or  the  names  are  presented  by  a 
standing  Nominating  Committee  taken  from  the 
Board's  membership,  whose  report,  in  some 
cases,  is  first  submitted  to  the  Board  for  its 
approval.  The  Nominating  Committee  in  the 
Woman's  Union  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Church, 
which  throughout  emphasizes  the  state  organiza- 
tion, is  made  up  of  one  representative  from  each 
state.  The  Presbyterian  Board  of  the  Northwest 
elects  twenty-six  of  its  membership  of  ninety  for 
life.  The  Disciples  of  Christ,  Southern  and 
Free  Baptist,  Reformed  in  the  United  States, 
Congregational  (Interior),  Presbyterian  (Occi- 
dental and  Pacific),  and  Methodist  Boards  make 
either  the  president  or  secretary  (sometimes  both) 
of  the  organization  next  in  rank  (which  is  in 
most  cases  the  state  society)  full  voting  members 


68 


The  King's  Business 


Officers 
and 

Meetings. 


Departments 
Work  of 
Home 
Secretary. 


of  the  Boards.     Most  other  Boards  make  them 
honorary  members  without  voting  power. 

The  officers  of  the  Board  are  those  usual  to 
such  an  organization.  A  president,  vice  presi- 
dents, numbering  sometimes  fifty  or  more, 
representative  of  the  diverse  elements  in  the 
constituency,  those  from  state  societies  being 
usually  honorary;  recording  secretary  and  treas- 
urer; as  many  corresponding  secretaries  or  gen- 
eral secretaries  as  the  work  demands,  and  the 
editors  of  the  magazines  published  by  the  Board. 
Regular  meetings  of  the  Board  are  held  monthly, 
semi-monthly,  or  even  oftener.  In  the  larger 
Boards  with  multiform  activities,  weekly  meet- 
ings are  devoted  to  one  or  another  of  their  depart- 
ments. So  rigid  is  the  Board  in  its  demands 
upon  the  interest  of  its  members  that  in  many 
instances,  absence  from  a  stated  number  of  meet- 
ings, sometimes  as  small  as  three,  except  in  ill- 
ness or  absence  from  the  city,  is  considered 
equivalent  to  a  resignation. 

In  a  majority  of  the  Women's  Boards  the  work 
is  divided  between  the  Home  and  Foreign 
Departments;  the  Home  Department  dealing 
directly  with  the  Home  Base  as  represented  by 
state  and  local  organizations,  and  the  Foreign  in 
charge  of  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  foreign 
field.  A  busy  secretarial  force  conducts  the  large 
correspondence  necessary.  The  Home  Secretaries 
care  for  such  divisions  of  the  work  as  Literature, 
Mission   Study,  Editorial    Work    on    Magazines, 


Campaigning  for  the  King 


69 


Missionary  Speakers,  Missionary  Letters,  Chil- 
dren's, Young  People's  and  Young  Women's 
Work,  Special  Objects,  and  a  variety  of  others 
which  cannot  be  enumerated.  The  duties  of  each 
secretary  are  definitely  prescribed  and  she  is  ex- 
pected to  make  herself  an  authority  upon  her 
subject. 

To  the  Foreign  Secretaries  comes  the  warm,  Departments; 
human  touch  with  the  field  in  a  correspondence  Work  of 
with  the  missionaries,  rich  in  blessing  for  both.  °"*^" 
The  Foreign  Secretary  is  to  the  lonely  worker 
beyond  the  seas  that  abstract  thing  "the  Board" 
expressed  in  terms  of  human  personality. 
Through  her  is  maintained  that  vital  relationship 
whicii  is  one  of  the  most  fruitful  services  rendered 
by  the  Woman's  Board.  Constant  letters  are  in- 
terchanged, close  friendships  are  formed.  The 
duties  of  the  Foreign  Secretary  also  are  clearly 
defined.  A  certain  number  of  missionaries  are 
assigned  to  her  care,  and  it  is  her  duty  as  well  as 
her  privilege  to  act  as  the  constant  medium  of 
communication  between  them,  the  Board  and 
the  Home  Base. 

Matters  which  do  not  properly  belong  either  to  Committeeg. 
the  Executive  force  or  to  these  secretaries — and 
their  name  is  legion — are  cared  for  by  Standing 
Committees,  their  number  and  duties  being  deter- 
mined by  the  scope  of  the  Board's  activities. 
Finance,  Missionary  Candidates,  Publication, 
Library,  Field  Work,  Devotional  Meetings, 
Public   Gatherings,  Hospitality  and   many  more, 


"0  The  King's  Business 

the  very  titles  proclaim   the   versatility   of   effort 
they  represent. 
Executive  Thus  far  we  have  spoken  only  of  voluntary  and 

Officers.  unsalaried   service,  which   comprises    by    far    the 

larger  part,  and  in  some  of  the  smaller  Boards, 
practically  the  entire  amount  given.  The  larger 
Boards,  of  necessity,  maintain  a  paid  Executive 
staff  of  Corresponding  Secretaries,  who  devote 
all  of  their  time  to  the  work.  They  are  usually 
divided  as  Home  Secretaries  and  Foreign  Secre- 
taries who  direct  respectively  the  Home  and 
Foreign  Departments  described  above  and  Field 
Secretaries  who  travel  among  the  constituency  to 
organize  and  inspire  and  instruct.  Some  Boards 
make  the  Recording  Secretary,  and  some  the 
Treasurer  Executive  officers.  In  all,  the  expense 
of  administration  is  reduced  to  a  minimum,  ex- 
tent of  territory,  size  of  income,  and  scale  of 
operation  being  largely  determining  factors.  As 
fairly  representative,  the  Lutheran  Woman's 
Board  of  the  General  Synod  reports  its  adminis- 
tration expense  as  a  little  more  than  two  per 
cent  of  its  total  receipts,  the  Reformed  in  America 
four  per  cent,  the  Methodist  Episcopal  four  and 
six-tenths  per  cent,  the  Methodist  Episcopal, 
South,  five  per  cent,  Baptist  (East)  less  than 
seven  per  cent,  Presbyterian  (Philadelphia)  two 
and  one-half  per  cent,  Presbyterian  (Northwest) 
seven  per  cent.  Since,  even  yet,  we  occasionally 
hear  the  complaint  that  "it  takes  a  dollar  to  send 
a   dollar   to   the   field,"  it   is  well  to  keep   these 


Campaigning  for  the  King  "^1 

figures  in  mind  and  with  them  the  statement  that 
the  entire  administration  expense  for  the  work 
carried  on  by  the  general  Boards  varies  from  four 
to  eight  per  cent.  One  denominational  hand- 
book pertinently  remarks  in  this  connection,  "It 
is  not  money  which  is  sent  to  the  heathen  at  all, 
but  the  Gospel.  It  does  not  matter,  therefore, 
whether  the  money  is  spent  in  Rangoon  or 
Calcutta  or  London  or  Boston,  if  the  Gospel 
reaches  the  heathen.  The  only  question  is  that 
of  the  greatest  effectiveness  in  securing  that 
end." 

The  Headquarters  of  a  Woman's  Board  is  a  Headquarters, 
modest  echo  of  "that  busy  hive  of  workers,"  the 
offices  of  one  of  our  general  Mission  Boards. 
Because  the  office  force  is  always  much  less  than 
the  real  need  demands,  each  member  of  it  must 
be  unusually  versatile.  When  we  consider  the 
amount  of  money  handled,  the  quantity  of  cor- 
respondence conducted,  the  literature  published 
and  sent  out,  the  real  estate  transactions  often 
involving  thousands  of  dollars  consummated,  the 
executive  matters  of  grave  importance  weighed 
and  decided,  it  is  safe  to  say  that  no  business 
firm  would  dream  of  doing  business  so  quietly 
and  unobtrusively  and  with  so  meager  an  equip- 
ment. At  Headquarters  committees  gather  and 
Board  meetings,  often  protracted  through  long, 
patient  hours,  are  held.  The  historian  of  one 
Board  says:  "Here  any  day  you  are  likely  to 
meet  your  officers,  but   you   are  certain   to   do  so 


72  The  King's  Business 

on  the  first  and  third  Tuesdays  of  the  month  at 
the  meeting  of  the  Directors  and  at  the  prayer 
meeting.  Every  Tuesday  sees  the  members  of 
the  Executive  Committee  here,  and  a  vision  of  a 
green  table  comes  to  me  whose  magic  circle 
leaves  no  one  who  touches  it  the  same." 

To  these  modest  rooms  the  thoughts  of  women 
the  world  over  fly  back  like  homing  pigeons  for 
rest  and  shelter  and  refreshment.  "Room  48," 
*'Room  501,"  "40  Dearborn  Street, "  "150  Fifth 
Avenue"  are  talismanic  signs  that,  as  one  has 
said,  are  "no  longer  signs  or  numbers,  but  hal- 
lowed words"  to  thousands. 
Prayer  Here  are   held   by  many    Boards   those  weekly 

Meetings.  morning  prayer  services,  than  which   no  gather- 

ings in  their  history  have  been  wider  in  influence 
and  helpfulness.  Of  them  one  chronicler  has 
said:  "Fifty  ladies  had  gathered  in  that  upper 
room  in  response  to  the  call  'Prayer  for  Mis- 
sions.' Then  was  inaugurated  the  Friday 
Devotional  Meeting,  perhaps  the  most  efficient 
power  in  all  our  work,  and  then  commenced  the 
weekly  report  in  our  denominational  paper, 
whereby  'the  whispered  words  in  that  upper 
chamber  in  Chicago  are  telephoned  around  the 
world.'  The  very  atmosphere  and  spirit  of  those 
gatherings  are  brought  before  the  readers. 
Missionaries  who  pass  through  the  city  here 
speak  words  of  cheer  or  present  their  special 
needs,  and  so  reach  thousands  and  thousands 
whom  they  cannot  see." 


Campaigning  for  the  King  To 

5.  The  scope  of  work  prosecuted  and  re-  Scope  of 
lation  to  the  general  Boards.  As  has  been  Work, 
stated,  the  Women's  Boards  were  at  first  frankly 
and  definitely  collecting  agents  for  the  general 
Boards.  It  is  under  kindly  pressure  from  these 
Boards  themselves  that  the  scope  of  the  women's 
efforts  has  gradually  widened  so  as  to  make  them 
responsible  for  a  constantly  increasing  share  of 
the  work  of  their  denomination  on  foreign  fields. 
In  the  Congregational,  Reformed,  Methodist  and 
Baptist  Churches,  the  Women's  Boards  are  held 
especially  responsible  for  all  the  women  and 
children,  or  the  girls  at  least,  in  their  territory, 
the  general  Boards,  in  some  instances,  making 
no  apportionments  for  this  work  except  through 
Women's  Boards.  The  Baptist  and  Congrega- 
tional Women's  Boards  send  only  unmarried 
women  to  the  field.  At  home  Women's  Boards 
have  a  specific  mission;  they  feel  themselves 
directly  responsible  for  enlisting  the  women  of 
the  churches  to  active  discharge  of  their  obliga- 
tion in  world  evangelization,  and  for  encouraging 
and  stimulating  them  in  every  way  to  increased 
prayer  and  effort.  They  also  count  it  among 
their  duties  to  seek  out  and  prepare  candidates 
for  foreign  service.  Several  of  them  maintain  in 
this  country  training  schools  for  missionaries  and 
homes  for  missionaries'  children. 

Some  of  their  activities   abroad  may  be  thus  Activities 
catalogued:  the   support  of  missionaries,  which   Abroad, 
often  includes  salaries,  outfitting  expense,  travel, 


74 


The  King's  Business 


Relation  to 
General 
Boards : 
(a)  Closely 
Auxiliary. 


language  teacher,  itinerating  and  station  expense; 
maintenance  of  institutions,  which  includes  taxes, 
repairs,  furniture,  instruments,  food,  clothes, 
books,  medicines,  salaries  of  superintendents, 
nurses,  doctors,  teachers,  Bible  women,  matrons, 
servants.  They  buy  land,  build  and  equip 
schools  from  kindergarten  to  college,  both  board- 
ing ahd  day  schools  and  for  both  boys  and  girls; 
they  build  homes  for  missi.onaries ;  they  maintain 
hospitals,  dispensaries,  schools  for  the  blind, 
orphanages,  leper  asylums;  they  train  teachers, 
Bible  women,  nurses,  physicians ;  they  conduct 
printing  presses  and  translate  the  Bible  and  other 
Christian  literature;  as  a  rule,  they  cheerfully 
and  blithely  enter  any  door  that  the  general 
Board  or  the  enlarging  opportunity  opens  before 
them. 

The  relation  between  the  Women's  Boards  and 
the  general  Boards  has  remained  close  and  cor- 
dial throughout.  The  Protestant  Episcopal  and 
Southern  Baptist  are  most  closely  auxiliary. 
In  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  the  executive 
body,  the  Board  of  Missions,  gives  to  the  Woman's 
Auxiliary  its  rooms,  meets  all  of  its  expenses, 
receives,  cares  for  and  disburses  its  funds.  The 
Board  makes  no  special  apportionments  to  the 
Auxiliary  but  makes  all  apportionments  directly 
to  the  dioceses.  It  is  left  to  the  diocesan  author- 
ities to  determine  whether  a  definite  share  in  this 
apportionment  shall  be  assigned  to  the  diocesan 
and  parochial   branches  of  the  Auxiliary.      The 


Campaigning  for  the  King  *^5 

Central  Office  of  the  Woman's  Auxiliary  in  New- 
York  City,  in  charge  of  a  Secretary  and  Associ- 
ate Secretary,  receives  money  and  passes  it  on 
daily  to  the  treasury  of  the  Board.  As  an  educa- 
tional and  inspirational  force  among  the  women 
of  the  Church,  it  has  a  large  and  growing  influ- 
ence. The  Woman's  Union  of  the  Society  of 
Friends,  the  Southern  Presbyterian  Woman's 
Auxiliary,  the  Woman's  Conference  of  the  Luth- 
eran United  Synod  of  the  South  and  the  Woman's 
Society  of  the  Lutheran  General  Council  neither 
receive  nor  disburse  funds;  they  simply  create 
interest  and  direct  that  all  money  be  sent  through 
regular  channels.  They  have  no  salaried  officers 
and  no  permanent  headquarters. 

In  the  Southern  Baptist  Church,  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  Woman's  Union,  together  with 
the  general  Board  of  Missions,  decides  upon  the 
total  financial  aim  for  each  year.  This  aim  is 
then  submitted  to  a  committee  representing  the 
state  unions,  and  by  them  apportioned  in  turn 
to  state  unions  and  local  societies.  Funds  are 
sent  direct  by  state  treasurers  to  the  general 
Board,  and  amounts  only  reported  to  the  treasurer 
of  the  Woman's  Union. 

The  majority  of  the  Women's   Boards  belong    (b)  Loosely 
to  a  great   middle  class.      They  assume  no   finan-   Auxiliary, 
cial  obligation  except  through  the  general  Board  ; 
they  pay   all    money   except   what    is    needed   for 
actual   running  expenses  into   its  treasury.      The 
general  Board   in   making  up   its  apportionments 


76  The  King's  Business 

for  the  year  sets  aside  certain  parts  of  the  work 
which  it  asks  the  Woman's  Board  to  assume  and 
the  Woman's  Board  apportions  this  work 
througfhout  its  territory.  In  cases  where  the 
Woman's  Board,  knowing  the  needs  of  the  fields 
for  which  it  has  cared  from  year  to  year,  first 
makes  the  apportionments  and  submits  them  to 
the  general  Board  for  approval,  the  practical 
results  are  the  same. 

Where  the  budget  plan  has  been  introduced, 
the  women's  organizations  are  included  in  the 
apportionments  made  by  the  general  Boards  by 
an  understanding  between  the  Boards  which 
varies  with  the  denomination.  This  matter  will 
be  considered  more  fully  in  the  chapter  on 
finance. 

Diverging  at  opposite  extremes  from  the  large 
general  class  to  which  most  Women's  Boards 
belong  are  those  which  are  even  more  closely 
linked  with  the  general  Boards  and  those  prac- 
tically independent, 
(c)  Inde-  Only  six   Women's    Boards  send   money  direct 

pendent  to    the    field   and  commission   workers  independ- 

Boards:  ently, — those  of  the  Advent,  Christian,  Disciples 

)^,'  ,    ,.  of  Christ  and  Methodist  Protestant  Churches  and 

Methodiat 

Episcopal  ^^  '^^^  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  the  United 

and  Others.  States  and  the  Methodist  Church  in  Canada.  In 
the  Woman's  Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  however,  these 
appropriations  and  appointments  are  subject  to 
the  approval  of  the  general   Board,  and  the  mis- 


Campaigning  for  the  King  77 

sionaries  of  the  Society  are  under  the  appointment 
of  the  Bishop  in  charge  of  the  field  to  which  they 
are  sent.  The  Society  and  the  general  Board 
are  one  in  aim  and  sympathy,  and  are  in  constant 
consultation  and  co-operation. 

The  Christian  Woman's  Board  of  Missions  of  (2) 
the  Disciples  of  Christ  not  only  commissions  mis-  Ckriatian. 
sionaries  and  sends  money  directly  to  the  field, 
but  it  labors  in  a  number  of  fields  where  the 
general  Board  has  no  work  whatever.  The  two 
are  really  parallel  in  all  of  their  activities,  the 
Woman's  Board  having  perhaps  the  wider  scope, 
as  it  may  aj^peal  to  any  organization  in  the  local 
church  to  which  the  general  Board  looks  for 
support,  in  addition  to  its  own  large  constituency 
of  women's  societies.  The  special  day  in 
December  when  the  entire  Church  takes  an  offer- 
ing for  the  Woman's  Board  is  made  an  occasion 
of  note,  sermons  are  preached  in  its  interests, 
prayers  rise  in  its  behalf  and  volunteers  are 
sought  for  its  service.  At  its  training  school 
in  Indianapolis,  the  Woman's  Board  prepares 
both  men  and  women  for  mission  work  and  com- 
missions more  men  than  women  for  its  fields. 
The  relation  between  the  two  Boards  of  the 
Church  is  close  and  cordial. 

The     Free    Methodist     and     United     Brethren    (d)  Fed- 
Churches,  while  they  maintain  distinct  Women's   erated: 
Boards,  seat  representatives  from  these  Boards  as   ^J  ,  ^f^ 

/.      ,,  ^  r         ^        ■  i       "T.  i  •  ,  Mcthodist. 

full    members   of    their   general    Boards;   in    the    /gx  United 
Free    Methodist  the  women  make   up    one    fifth   Bretkren. 


78 


The  King's  Business 


(3) 

Methodist 
Episcopal, 
South. 


Distinctive 
Features. 


Methodist 

Episcopal 

Society. 


and  in  the  United  Brethren  one  third  of  its  mem- 
bership. In  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
South,  the  Woman's  Board  has  been  made  an 
organic  part  of  the  general  Board.  The  women 
constitute  one  third  of  the  membership  of  the 
general  Board  and  furnish  one  each  of  the  two 
secretaries  for  its  Home  and  Foreign,  Editorial 
and  Educational  Departments;  also  its  Assistant 
Treasurer.  All  estimates  and  appropriations  are 
made  at  an  annual  meeting  of  these  officers  with 
three  members  of  the  Board,  one  of  whom  is  the 
President  of  the  Woman's  Missionary  Council. 
This  organization,  which  continues  the  helpful 
contact  of  the  former  Woman's  Board  with  its 
constituency,  meets  annually  to  receive  apportion- 
ments and  plans  from  the  general  Board  and  con- 
secrate women  accepted  for  service.  Apportion- 
ments made  to  women's  societies  are  for  work 
established  by  the  Woman's  Council  and  no  new 
work  can  be  projected  except  by  vote  of  its  annual 
meeting.  This  meeting  also  names  its  own 
representatives     on    the     general    Board. 

This  sketch  does  not  attempt  to  give  all  the  facts 
about  any  of  the  Women's  Boards.  It  can  give 
very  few  about  all  of  them  combined  and  that  only 
in  a  general  way.  It  remains  only  to  mention 
characteristics  of  one  or  two  Boards  so  distinct  that 
they  could  not  well  be  grouped  with  others. 

The  organization  of  the  Woman's  Foreign 
Missionary  Society  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  has  no  exact  parallel   in  any  of  the  other 


Campaigning  for  the  King  79 

denominations.  There  are  no  state  organiza- 
tins;  the  unit  is  the  auxiliary  in  the  local 
church.  The  highest  authority  is  vested  in  the 
General  Executive  Committee  ;  thus  farits  methods 
are  common  with  others.  Below  the  Executive 
Committee  are  eleven  Branch  organizations,  each 
including  territory  in  a  number  of  states,  made 
up  of  groups  of  Annual  Conferences.  Each 
Conference  is  composed  of  district  organiza- 
tions, which  form  the  first  grouping  of  the  local 
auxiliaries.  The  Conference  has  not  a  complete 
organization,  but  a  secretary  and  a  treasurer. 
The  distinguishing  feature  of  the  Society  is  that  The  Branct. 
of  the  co-ordinate  Branches,  each  with  strong, 
central  organization.  The  Branch  fixes  the 
amount  of  its  budget,  all  funds  are  paid  into  the 
Branch  treasury  and  Branch  treasurers  remit 
directly  to  the  foreign  field, — although  appropria- 
tions are  made  only  by  the  General  Executive 
Committee.  Missionary  candidates  are  presented 
by  the  Branch,  but  finally  accepted  and  appointed 
only  by  the  General  Executive  Committee. 
Branch  Corresponding  Secretaries  and  Associate 
Secretaries  are  active  members  of  the  General 
Executive  Committee,  the  Corresponding  Secre- 
taries, with  the  President  of  the  General  Execu- 
tive Committee  as  Chairman,  making  up  its 
Foreign  Department,  and  the  Associate  Secreta- 
ries, with  the  Vice  President  of  the  General 
Executive  Committee  as  presiding  officer,  consti- 
tuting the   Home  Department.       In  this  way  the 


80 


The  King's  Business 


Contact  witK 

Whole 

Enterprise; 


Contact  with 
Field. 


Branch  is  in  vital  relation  with  both  the  Home 
Base  and  the  foreign  field.  Branch  divisions  are 
not  too  large  for  careful  supervision,  yet  large 
enough  to  generate  greater  interest  and  enthusiasm 
than  are  usual  in  state  organizations. 

A  Board  of  Missions  has  three  direct  points  of 
contact.  1.  Its  relation  to  the  whole  missionary 
enterprise.  The  individual  v^orker,  the  single 
church,  of  necessity  has  only  a  narrow  and  re- 
stricted outlook  and  an  imperfect  understanding 
of  the  circumstances  which  influence  or  the  un- 
derlying causes  which  produce  visible  results. 
The  Board  studies  both,  and  must  learn  how  to 
initiate  the  one  and  control  the  other.  Its  policy 
must  be  permanent  in  that  it  builds  year  by  year 
on  earlier  foundations,  but  flexible  and  progres- 
sive in  that  it  adapts  itself  to  the  new  conditions 
which  arise.  A  Woman's  Board  must  ever  real- 
ize that  it  is  an  organic  part  of  the  entire  enter- 
prise in  its  own  denomination.  It  must  also 
regard  itself  as  one  with  all  other  women's  mis- 
sionary organizations  in  their  common  purpose, 
and  must  work  out  with  them  a  wise  conserva- 
tion of  their  common  resources. 

2.  Its  relation  to  the  Mission  Field.  The 
Mission  Board  can  get  a  wide  comprehension  of 
the  whole  field  only  by  an  intimate  knowledge  of 
details  in  each  part  of  it.  A  bird's-eye  view  is 
of  value  in  proportion  to  our  acquaintance  with 
the  landscape  which  it  embraces.  Therefore  the 
Board  must  know  the  necessities  of  every  mission 


tor 
Candidates 


Campaigning  for  the  King  81 

station,  the  needs  of  every  missionary.  The  un- 
initiated, who,  in  a  vague  w^ay,  has  an  idea  that 
a  Board  runs  itself  by  the  momentuni  of  its  own 
machinery,  has  little  conception  of  the  intricacy 
of  detail  with  which  its  officers  and  members 
must  familiarize  themselves.  They  might  almost 
be  said  to  know  every  nail  which  goes  into  a 
building  on  the  field  ;  they  certainly  weigh  every 
penny  that  goes  into  its  appropriation.  They 
know  minutely  the  requirements  of  each  station, 
and  measure  the  qualifications  of  each  candidate. 

It  might  be  a  matter  of  surprise  to  one  who  Requirements 
supposes  that  the  Boards  eagerly  accept  all  who  ^ 
evince  a  willingness  for  foreign  service,  to  study 
the  question  blanks  submitted  and  the  manuals 
of  suggestions  for  prospective  workers.  These 
requirements  include  sound  physical  condition, 
attested  by  a  rigid  examination  and  certified  by  a 
trustworthy  physician,  mental  equipment,  both 
natural  and  acquired  by  the  widest  possible  study 
and  training  along  general  and  special  lines,  high 
moral  and  ethical  standards,  courage,  common 
sense,  good  nature,  good  judgment,  poise,  ability 
to  work  with  or  under  others  without  friction, 
sympathy  and  consideration  for  the  welfare  of 
others.  The  missionary  must  be  thoroughly 
grounded  in  the  fundamental  beliefs  which  have 
been  the  bulwarks  of  the  Christian  faith  in  all 
ages.  She  must  have  a  passion  of  conviction  of 
the  need  of  the  world  for  Christ,  and  of  her  own 
personal     daily    and     hourly    dependence     upon 


82 


The  King's  Business 


Relation 

•with 

Missionaries. 


Relation  to 
Home  Base. 


Him  in  all  that  she  is  or  does.  The  demand  for 
the  highest  type  of  personal  service  in  the  leader- 
ship on  the  foreign  field  makes  these  stringent 
qualifications  imperative.  And  yet  the  Mission 
Boards  in  this  emphasis  on  the  best  would  not 
discourage  those  whose  modesty  might  deter  them 
from  prayerful  consideration  of  their  personal 
relation  to  the  field. 

One  of  the  avowed  purposes  of  the  Woman's 
Board  is  to  seek  out  candidates,  to  counsel  and 
train  them  for  the  field.  It  presents  the  candi- 
date to  the  general  Board  for  examination,  and, 
if  she  is  accepted,  provides  her  outfit  and  sends 
her  to  the  post  to  which  she  is  assigned.  It  pays 
her  salary,  builds  and  furnishes  the  school  or  hos- 
pital where  she  labors,  and  meets  its  growing 
needs;  frequently  it  builds  her  home;  it  has  con- 
tinual oversight  of  all  her  work  and  receives  fre- 
quent and  detailed  reports.  It  provides  for  her 
furlough,  brings  her  home  and  cares  for  her  if 
her  health  fails.  Throughout,  its  care  and 
prayer  for  her  are  constant  and  loving,  and  the 
link  which  it  forms  between  the  missionary  and 
the  women  behind  the  work  at  home  gives  bind- 
ing power  to  the  whole  chain. 

3.  Its  relation  to  the  Home  Base.  All  stu- 
dents of  missions  unite  in  considering  the  prob- 
lem of  the  Home  Base,  the  most  difficult  which 
we  face.  Without  doubt  it  is  the  weakest  point 
in  the  economy  of  the  Woman's  Board.  Never 
have  our  Boards   had   a  closer  acquaintance  with 


Campaigning  for  the  King  83 

the  work  on  the  field,  a  more  intimate  knowledge 
of  all  that  it  has  been,  a  keener  insight  into  all 
that  it  is,  a  more  courageous  determination  to 
bring  to  pass  all  that  it  may  be.  The  under- 
standing of  the  problems  of  the  Home  Base  is 
slighter,  the  realization  of  their  import  less 
deeply  rooted  and  their  solution  less  assured. 
Urgent  as  the  crisis  is  abroad,  it  could  well  afford 
to  wait  while  our  ablest  minds  apply  themselves 
to  this  other  more  imminent  crisis  at  home.  If 
we  really  believe  that  our  ultimate  success  abtoad 
is  dependent  on  the  arousing  of  the  home  Church, 
we  must  apply  ourselves  to  that  task  with  single- 
ness of  purpose. 

We  are   close   upon  the   real    issue:  how   shall   Certain 
these   women,  all   the   women,    be   aroused    to   a   Fundamentals 
clear  facing  of   individual   responsibility,  and  be   *° 
stirred  to  individual   effort  and  achievement?     If 
we  are  to  enlarge   our  enterprise,  certain  funda- 
mental principles  must   be   established;   if   these 
can  be  enforced,  enlargement  will  be  automatic. 

1.  Every  Christian  woman  must  go  in  pei'son  (i)  The 
or  go  by  proxy .  Christ  does  not  say  to  a  part  of  Missionary 
the  Church  *'Go  ye  into  all  the  world,"  and  to 
the  remainder  "Stay  at  home  and  study  Browning 
and  Ibsen,  and  enjoy  good  music  and  play  bridge 
and  give  to  Me  the  time  which  you  may  have 
left."  He  must  be  first  in  all  lives,  if  the  ends 
which  He  longs  for  are  to  be  gained.  Mr. 
Fletcher  S.  Brockman  suggests  to  students  a 
pledge  to  be  signed   by  those  who  feel   that    God 


Liommission 
is  for  All. 


84  The  King's  Business 

does  not  ask  them  to  sign  The  Volunteer  Decla- 
ration: "If  God  does  not  permit  me  to  go  as  a 
foreign  missionary,  I  will,  God  helping  me, 
make  just  as  many  sacrifices  for  the  heathen  at 
home  as  if  I  had  gone.  I  will  never  indulge  in 
luxuries.  Every  single  cent  throughout  my  whole 
life  shall  be  spent  in  realizing  the  need  of  the 
world  for  the  Gospel.  My  time,  my  effort  and 
my  intellect  I  will  strive  to  use  with  my  eyes 
upon  a  ruined  world." 

(2)  Prayer.  2.     ]Ve  must  have  dependence  on   God.      Even 

in  the  smallest  drudgery  of  the  local  society  we  need 
the  same  conception  of  its  spiritual  quality,  the 
same  dependence  upon  the  guidance  of  the  Spirit 
throughout,  the  same  constant  prayer  that  God 
will  glorify  and  expand  our  effort,  that  we  expect 
the  missionary  to  have  in  the  work  abroad. 

(3)  Leader-  3.     We  must  Seek   leaders  of  the   highest  type 
^W-                  for  every  stage  of  the  work   at  home  as  carefully 

as  the  Mission  Boards  seek  them  for  the  field; 
leaders  who  will  realize  the  dignity  and  power 
of  their  position  as  a  part  of  the  world  purpose, 
and  who  will  surrender  themselves  fully  to  it ; 
who  will  fit  themselves  with  the  same  broad  study 
and  the  same  careful  specialization  for  a  definite 
place  and  fill  it  with  concentration  and  devotion. 
A  study  of  a  book  like  Bishop  Brent's  ''Leader- 
ship" will  do  much  to  awaken  one  who  has 
the  real  qualities  of  a  leader  to  the  privilege 
of  following  in  the  footsteps  of  the  Leader  of 
Men. 


Campaigning  for  the  King  85 

4.  We  must  have  at  ho?ne  an  e?ilistment  for  (4)  Life 
life.  This  is  not  a  skirmish,  but  an  established  Service, 
campaign  and   our   Leader  will   not  cry  ''Halt, " 

until  victory  is  won.  Very  few  Boards  will 
accept  candidates  for  foreign  service  except  for 
life.  No  less  in  the  home  Church  must  we  have 
a  wider  and  deeper  comprehension  of  the  fact 
that  the  King's  business  is  a  life  work;  not  the 
holding  of  the  same  office  or  the  same  form  of 
service  for  life,  but  life  enlistment  of  loyalty  and 
interest  and  constant  endeavor. 

5.  We  need  a  definite  ai77i  and  policy  for  the    (5)   Definite 
Home  Base,     The   Mission   Boards   can   tell    at   Pohcy. 

the  beginning  of  any  year  what  they  need  that 
year  to  maintain  the  work  which  they  have  been 
doing  in  any  foreign  field;  they  can  tell  what 
advance  work  they  wish  to  undertake,  and  the 
money  and  men  and  women  needed  to  accomplish 
it.  We  must  have  the  same  specific  statement  of 
needs  and  advance  at  every  step  on  the  home  field 
from  the  local  society  to  the  Board. 

The  Woman's  Boards,  for  the  most  part,  have 
not  been  lacking  in  this  concrete  presentation  of 
facts.  Through  the  published  Annual  Reports,  the 
women's  magazines,  the  denominational  papers 
and  a  wealth  of  leaflet  literature,  the  definite 
demands  of  their  work  have  been  presented;  and 
yet  the  desired  end  is  not  reached.  Some  way 
must  be  devised  whereby  a  clear-cut,  business- 
like statement  shall  reach  all  the  women  of  our 
churches.     The  results  of  one  year  and  the  aims 


86  The  King's  Business 

for  the  next,  both  at  the  Home  Base  and  on  the 
foreign  field  may  be  printed  on  a  card  to  slip  into 
an  envelope.  One  Board  gives  them  under  re- 
quests for  prayer  and  thanksgiving  for  prayers 
answered.  The  entire  policy  of  the  Board  may 
be  printed  in  a  four-page  leaflet  and  thus  reach 
many  w^ho  have  no  access  to  reports. 
State  Policies.  Some  Boards,  in  connection  with  their  own 
policy  for  the  year,  present  a  suggested  outline 
for  the  state  society  or  whatever  be  next  in  rank 
to  their  own,  that  binds  the  efforts  of  widely 
scattered  state  officers  into  consistent  unity.  To 
make  this  practical  and  helpful  we  need  more 
travel  and  first-hand  study  of  our  mutual  prob- 
lems. An  occasional  visit  from  a  field  secretary 
will  not  answer.  The  Board  which  misses  the 
opportunity  of  personal  representation  in  the 
Annual  Meeting  of  every  state  society  in  its  ter- 
ritory cannot  vitally  touch  that  state  throughout 
the  year.  It  is  not  primarily  for  the  inspirational 
addresses,  not  for  the  face-to-face  knowledge  of 
the  constituency,  but  most  of  all  that  in  the  execu- 
tive meetings  they  may  together  face  the  corporate 
and  distinct  responsibility  of  that  society  for  help- 
ing to  meet  the  entire  obligation  of  the  Board. 
Closer  The  Board  has  thus  a  saner  realization  of   the 

Mutual  possibilities  of  each  state,  and   can  often  help   to 

,.  clear     away    longr-standinp-    difficulties     from    its 

standing.  ;  J  ^  ir> 

wider  experience.  On  the  other  hand,  the  state 
society  that  is  actually  present  through  one  of  its 
officers    in    the    Annual    Meeting  of    the    Board 


Campaigning  for  the  King  87 

realizes  more  fully  the  magnitude  of  the  problems 
which  the  Board  is  constantly  meeting,  and  the 
greater  hardships  which  some  other  state  officers 
successfully  face.  One  denomination,  the  Bap- 
tist, feels  this  so  strongly  that  it  pays  the  traveling 
expenses  of  State  Secretaries  to  the  Annual  Meet- 
ings of  the  Board ;  the  Eastern  Board  also  brings 
them  to  its  Headquarters  once  a  year  for  a  Sec- 
retarial Institute.  It  is  certain  that  the  Boards 
which  have  a  comprehensive  and  sustained  policy 
of  state  development  are  realizing  that  it  means 
a  corresponding  growth  and  vigor  to  their  farthest 
limits.  Every  possible  means  must  be  employed 
to  promote  sympathetic  and  intelligent  under- 
standing of  the  breadth  and  vitality  and  unity  of 
the  whole  work.  Does  not  its  importance  justify 
each  local  society  in  giving  one  meeting  a  year  to 
the  Board's  Annual  Report,  with  its  retrospect  and 
forecast  presented  in  so  graphic  and  personal  a 
way  that  every  woman  present  will  feel  the  work 
her  own,  and  carry  through  the  year  and  always 
this  thought  of  it:  ^*We  must  not  think  and  speak 
of  the  Board  as  though  it  were  a  far-off  thing,  a 
mere  piece  of  machinery  with  which  we  have  no 
vital  connection.  In  a  deeper  sense  than  Louis 
XIV  dreamed  of  when  he  said,  *I  am  the  State,' 
each  of  us  can  say,  'I  am  the  Board,  or  at  least 
an  integral  part  of  it.'  To  each  is  given  a  place 
and  work.  Let  each  find  her  place  and,  standing 
in  it,  do  all  in  her  power  to  advance  the  work 
of  the  Kingdom." 


88  The  King's   Business 

Through  the  recognition  of  some  such  funda- 
mental principles  as  have  been  named  will  this 
conception  of  individual  responsibility  be  estab- 
lished, not  alone  toward  the  Woman's  Board  but 
toward  the  whole  missionary  enterprise.  Only 
thus  will  the  specific  mission  of  the  Woman's 
Board  to  Christian  women  and  through  them  to 
the  women  of  the  world  be  accomplished. 

QUESTIONS 

Make  a  list  of  the  advantages  and  disadvantages  of 
independent  missionary  societies. 

Place  beside  it  a  list  of  the  advantages  and  disadvan- 
tages of  denominational  Boards. 

Make  a  list  of  the  questions  which  in  jour  judgment  a 
Board  should  submit  to  missionary  candidates  on  the  sub- 
ject of  physical  qualifications.  Secure  from  your  Board 
their  list,  and  compare  yours  Avith  it. 

Do  the  same  Avith  educational  and  mental  qualifica- 
tions, personal  character  and  ability  and  spiritual  quali- 
fications. 

What  training  would  you  advise  for  a  young  woman 

volunteer  with  high  school  education?     Secure  from  the 

training  school  of   your    own    or  some  other  Board  its 

requirements  and  course  of  study,  and  compare  with  your 

list. 

QUESTIONS 

BASED    ON    THE    REPORTS    OF    YOUR    OWN    BOARDS 

What  is  the  form  of  organization  of  your  general 
Board  of  Missions?     What  are  its  methods  of  work? 

What  is  the  form  of  organization  of  your  Woman's 
Board?     What  is  its  relation  to  the  general  Board? 

Compare  its  constitution  and  by-laws  with  the  account 
of  other  Women's  Boards  given  in  the  chapter.  Enu- 
merate the  points  in  which  you  think  yours  excels. 


Campaigning  for  the  King  89 

Where  are  the  headquarters  of  jour  Woman's  Board? 
Who  are  its  officers?  What  are  their  duties?  What 
committees  and  departments  of  work  does  it  have?  What 
are  their  duties? 

Where  and  how  are  the  members  of  the  Board  elected? 
What  are  their  duties?     How  often  do  they  meet? 

What  territory  does  your  Board  cover?  What  constit- 
uency does  it  inckide,  and  on  what  basis  of  relationship? 

What  is  the  relation  of  your  local  society  to  your 
Board?  What  intervening  organizations  have  you,  and 
what  is  their  relation  to  the  Board,  to  one  another,  and  to 
your  society? 

BIBLE   LESSON 

Unity  in  Diversity — the  Relation  of  the  Parts  to  the 
Whole  :   I.  Corinthians  xii.  4-31. 

REFERENCE   BOOKS 

Missionary  Administration. 

"  The  Why  and  How  of  Foreign  Missions,"  Chapter 

II,  Brown  (M.  E.  M.)- 
"  A    Study   of    Christian    Missions,"    Chapter    VI, 

Clarke  (Scribner). 
*' World  Missionary  Conference  Report,"  Vol.  VI. 
"  The  Missionary  Enterprise,"  Chapter  VIII,  Bliss 

(Revell). 
•*  A  Short  Hand-Book  of  Missions,"  Part  I,  Chapter 

VIII,  Stock  (Longman's  Green  &  Co.). 

Qualifications  for  Missionary  Work. 

''World  Missionary  Conference  Report,"  Vol.  V. 

"  The  Call,  Qualification  and  Preparation  of  Mission- 
ary Candidates  "  (Student  Volunteer  Movement). 

•'The  Foreign  Missionary,"  Brown  (Student  Volun- 
teer Movement). 


90  The  King's  Business 


"  The  Whj  and  How  of  Foreign  Missions,"  Chapter 

III,  Brown  (M.  E.  M.). 
"  Missionary  Principles  and  Practice,"  Chapter  VII, 

Speer  (Revell). 
"Leadership,"  Brent  (Longman's  Green  &  Co.). 
"  Counsel  to  New  Missionaries  "  (Presbyterian  Board 

of  Foreign  Missions). 


CHAPTER   III. 


THE  RESOURCES  OF  THE  KING'S  FORCES 


OUTLINE   OF   CHAPTER   III 

Aim  :  To  study  the  relation  of  state  and  local  women's 
missionary  societies  and  of  the  individual  to  the  task  of 
world-evangelization,  and  their  development  to  the  high- 
est point  of  efficiency  in  meeting  their  obligalion. 

I.  State  Development. 

1.  Policy. 

Definite,  adequate,  comprehensive,  practical. 
Points  :  Prayer,  edvication,  extension,  finance. 

2.  Officers. 

Qiialifications,  spirit,  equipment. 

3.  Method. 

Field  survey. 

Division  of  labor. 

Approved  business  principles. 

Publicity :  use  of  office  appliances,  adequate 
expense  fund,  prompt  and  accurate  reports. 

4.  Inductive,  not  deductive  method  advised. 

II.  Development  of  Local  Society. 

1.  Principles  of  scientific  management. 

Development  of  a  true  science. 
Selection  of  workmen. 
Training  of  workmen. 
Co-operation. 

2.  Application  to  woman's  missionary  society. 

Study  of  local  field. 

Building  a  constructive  program. 

Division  of  field. 

Executive  committee  or  management  staff. 

3.  Extension  department. 

Study  of  members. 
Assignment  of  tasks. 
Method  of  approach. 


CHAPTER    III 

THE     RESOURCES     OF     THE     KING's     ARMY 

A  CAMPAIGN  is  never  won  by  its  officers  alone. 
No  matter  how  masterly  their  plans,  nor  how 
faithful  their  own  execution,  they  must  be  sup- 
ported and  reinforced  at  every  point  by  the  rank 
and  file.  In  the  army  itself  lie  the  possibilities 
of  victory  or  defeat,  and  its  resources,  latent  or 
developed,  form  the  strength  of  the  whole  enter- 
prise. 
Points  of  a  The   importance  of  a  comprehensive   and   sus- 

PoHcy  for         tained  plan  of   state  development   on   the  part   of 
States.  ^^Q  Board  has  been  emphasized.      The  siate  soci- 

eties which  will  profit  most,  however,  by  the 
kindly  helping  hand  of  their  Board  are  them- 
selves .most  active.  No  Board  can  supply  a 
policy  for  all  its  auxiliary  states  definite  enough 
to  meet  the  needs  of  each.  The  state  officers 
should  draw  up  their  own  policy  each  year,  based 
on  the  policy  of  the  Board,  and  recognizing  that 
they  are  a  related  part  of  the  Board's  purpose. 
A  policy  is  not  the  distant  star  which  our  wagon 
trails.  It  is  the  goal  post  which  we  may  pass 
this  year  to  the  farther  one  beyond.  It  is  a  state- 
ment in  black  and  white  of  what  the  society  pro- 
poses to  accomplish,  if  not  in  one  year,  in 
three  or  five,  expanded  yearly  as  the  work  grows 
and  results  are  reached. 


Resources  of  the  King's  Army         93 


A  policy  should  be  (1)  definite,  (2)  adequate, 
(3)  comprehensive,  (4)  practical. 

1.  Definite,  It  should  reduce  to  actual  figures 
the  ends  the  society  expects  to  attain,  the  number 
of  members,  of  new  societies,  of  magazine  sub- 
scriptions, of  mission  study  classes,  the  amount 
of  money  which  it  plans  to  raise,  with  per  cent 
of  increase. 

2.  Adequate^  both  to  the  needs  to  be  consid- 
ered and  to  the  resources,  active  or  latent,  of  the 
society.  It  would  not  be  adequate  for  a  society 
in  a  church  of  one  thousand  members  to  attempt 
a  membership  of  fifty  and  a  gift  of  one  hundred 
dollars. 

3.  Comprehensive^  in  that  it  embraces  all  de- 
partments of  a  symmetrical  work,  such  as  prayer, 
education,  extension,  finance. 

4.  Practical^  because  it  plans  only  what  is 
within  the  range  of  its  possibilities,  when  infused 
and  inspired  by  the  spirit  of  God. 

A  policy  for  women's  missionary  societies  A  Model 
should  cover  at  least  four  points.  (1)  Prayer,  Policy. 
(2)  finance,  (3)  extension,  (4)  education.  The 
policy  given  at  the  close  of  this  chapter  has  been 
in  use  by  a  single  denomination  in  one  state  for 
five  years,  and  two  years  ago  was  adopted  by  the 
Interdenominational  Committee  of  the  state,  repre- 
senting eleven  denominations.  It  is  given  because 
it  represents  actual  practice,  not  theory.  The 
Standard  of  Excellence  has  centralized  the  whole 
work  of  a  state,  concentrating  effort  on  the  lines 


94 


The  King's  Business 


Grading 
Systems. 


Qualifica- 
tions of 
Officers. 


most  needing  emphasis,  and  year   by  year    it  has 
steadily  lifted  the  quality  of  service. 

Many  state  organizations  have  in  some  similar 
w^ay  crystallized  the  purpose  and  the  plan  of  the 
societies  within  their  boundaries  In  several 
denominations  a  system  of  classification  is  em- 
ployed, grading  societies  in  respect  to  the  number 
of  points  attained.  The  Southern  Baptist  Union 
places  all  attaining  four  points  in  a  similar  stan- 
dard in  Class  C,  five  in  Class  B,  seven  in  Class 
A,  and  those  fulfilling  eight,  the  entire  number, 
are  placed  in  a  List  of  Honor.  At  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Board  the  standing  of  state  socie- 
ties measured  by  the  Standard  of  Excellence  is 
reported  by  a  Chart  of  States. 

No  plan,  how^ever  good,  will  work  itself.  Our 
officers  are  of  equal  importance  with  our  policy. 
Let  us  consider  (1)  their  qualifications,  (2)  their 
spirit,  (3)  their  equipment.  1.  ^ualijications. 
It  goes  without  saying  that  the  paramount  neces- 
sity for  leadership  in  missionary  work  is  an 
abiding  fellowship  with  Christ  that  expresses 
itself  in  strong,  sane  Christian  living.  But  so 
keenly  have  we  felt  the  importance  of  the  spiritual 
qualification  that  sometimes  we  have  made  it  the 
only  one.  We  are  coming  now  to  recognize  the 
limitations  which  this  has  involved,  and  to  bewail 
the  lack  of  leaders  adequate  to  our  tasks,  but 
there  has  been  no  widespread  campaign  for 
recruits.  It  would  be  helpful  if  an  outline  could 
be  prepared  giving  a  clear  and   concise  statement 


Resources  of  the  King's  Army  95 

of  some  of  the  qualifications  for  various  officers 
that  have  been  established  through  the  experience 
of  many  societies.  Then  every  woman  on  the 
Executive  Committee  of  a  state,  district  or  local  so- 
ciety might  be  chosen  for  a  definite  responsibility. 

2.  Spirit.     Does   anyone   doubt    that   we   can   Spirit  of 
get  women  of  large  gifts,  if  we  go  to  them  with   Officers, 
large  tasks?     Are  we  willing  to  say   that   all   the 
efficient  women  of  a  denomination  are  centralized 

in  the  neighborhood  of  the  headquarters  of  its 
Board  of  Missions?  The  women  have  been 
found  to  carry  on  the  work  of  the  Board  because 
it  has  been  presented  to  them  in  such  a  way  that 
they  have  seen  its  magnitude  and  their  specific 
part  in  it.  In  the  same  way  we  shall  find  that 
women  will  give  up  other  cherished  lines  of 
effort  when  we  can  show  them  a  definite  need, 
with  boundary  lines  actually  visualized,  a  com- 
manding opportunity  and  their  specific  qualifica- 
tions for  meeting  both. 

3.  Eqtiifment.  If  we  expect  a  high  order  of 
service,  we  must  supply  the  necessary  background 
and  equipment.  The  woman  of  trained  habits 
of  mind  and  action  will  immediately  ask  that  we 
translate  this  task  into  terms  of  her  ability.  If 
we  could  have  with  our  brief  statement  of  the 
qualifications  for  various  officers,  a  compilation 
of  their  duties,  we  could  approach  capable 
women  with  more  courage  and  confidence.  Not 
''Hints  to  Presidents,"  "A  Word  for  Secreta- 
ries,"   "A    Message    for    the    Treasurer";    our 


Work. 


96  The  King's  Business 

leaflet  literature  is  well  supplied  with  these, 
which  consist  too  often  of  one  or  two  cogent  in- 
structions in  a  flood  of  generalities,  or  are  so 
meagre  in  outline  that  the  real  scope  of  the  posi- 
tion is  unguessed.  We  need  a  dignified,  com- 
prehensive and  complete  manual  for  officers  that 
will  gather  up  and  classify  all  the  best  instructions 
and  suggestions  offered  by  all  Boards  and  put 
them  in  simple  and  compact  form. 
Method  or  With   the  policy,  and  the  officers,  the  method 

Plan  of  or  plan  of  work  completes  our  trio  of  essentials 

to  success.  We  say  method, — not  methods,  ad- 
visedly. We  have  been  deluged  with  methods. 
We  have  had  Methods  Hours,  Open  Parliaments 
and  Conferences  and  Round  Tables  and  Sympo- 
siums and  Discussions  and  Leaflets  and  Pamphlets 
galore.  We  have  traveled  too  often  a  weary  and 
giddy  round  of  repetition,  to  which  all  of  us  have 
contributed.  Perhaps  the  hardest  thing  in  the 
world  to  do  is  to  work  by  method.  But  unless 
an  Executive  Committee  holds  itself  rigidly  to 
this,  both  policy  and  corps  of  officers  will  be  in- 
effective. A  carefully  thought  out  plan  of  work 
applicable  to  one's  constituency  and  environment 
is  the  corollary  of  a  policy.  It  is  the  policy  in 
action,  and  will  follow  the  points  which  the 
policy  proposes  to  achieve.  It  involves  (1)  the 
investigation  of  the  field,  and  an  accurate  under- 
standing of  the  forces  to  be  dealt  with;  (2)  a 
clear  division  of  labor;  (3)  the  application  of 
approved  business  principles. 


Resources  of  the  King's  Army  97 

1.  Field  Survey.  A  state  or  district  Execu-  Field 
tive  Committee  or  both  together,  for  they  must  Survey, 
be  a  unit  in  thought  and  activity,  must  first 
survey  its  field,  accurately  grading  the  societies 
already  organized  by  whatever  standard  of  effi- 
ciency has  been  accepted.  The  difficulties  to  be 
overcome  must  be  guaged,  and  the  available 
resources  in  v^orkers,  in  material  support,  and  in 

the  latent  ability  to  be  developed  must  be  noted. 
All  of  this  research  must  be  put  in  tabulated 
form  for  the  use  of  committees  and  department 
secretaries.  With  map  before  them,  they  must 
locate  each  church  which  is  without  an  organized 
missionary  society,  ascertaining  its  strength  in 
numbers  and  community  interest. 

2.  Division    of  Labor.      There    is   abundant   Division  of 
opportunity   for   creative  effort   and  the  employ-   Labor, 
ment  of  diversified   talent.      But   in  order  that   it 

may  be  made  a  part  of  the  symmetrical  develop- 
ment of  the  whole  work,  the  plans  of  the  various 
departments  should  be  fully  and  frankly  discussed 
and  decided  by  vote.  In  this  way,  the  entire 
effort  is  correlated  and  increased  efficiency 
reached.  The  narrowness  or  isolation  that 
might  come  with  specialization  is  avoided,  and 
there  is  a  clearer  understanding  of  the  part  which 
the  specific  work  bears  to  the  fulfillment  of  the 
plan.  We  sometimes  suffer,  perhaps,  from  the 
long-continued  office-holding  of  the  faithful  few; 
but  we  suffer  more  from  the  lack  of  trained 
specialists,  who,  with  singleness  of  purpose,  give 


98  The  King's  Business 

themselves  to  one  department  of  work,  bringing 
to  it  all  the  study  and  experience  that  enrich 
their  own  lives  until  they  build  it  up  into  en- 
during excellence.  To  do  one  thing  and  do  it 
with  undimmed  ardor,  increasing  skill  and 
always  tangible  results, — how  much  more  worth 
while  is  this  than  to  fritter  one's  self  away  on 
twenty  widely  varying  and  frequently  changing 
efforts ! 

Business  3.    The   application    of  bushtess   principles. 

Principles.  jj^  somc  of  the  more  conservative  societies,  there 
has  been  a  tendency  to  the  belief  that  the  spiritual 
and  the  material  sides  of  our  work  were  in  oppo- 
sition. On  the  contrary,  it  is  only  when  equal 
weight  is  given  to  both  that  a  perfect  balance  is 
maintained.  Business  methods  rightly  used 
promote  spirituality.  It  is  when  a  piece  of 
machinery  is  imperfectly  adjusted,  or  some  bolts 
or  cogs  are  missing,  that  it  goes  with  a  jar. 

Publicity.  A   few   of    the    business    methods    that    might 

profitably  be  applied  to  women's  missionary 
societies  and  especially  to  the  state  organizations 
under  consideration  are:  ((2)  Publicity.  A  dig- 
nified and  thorough  system  of  publicity,  perhaps 
through  the  medium  of  a  quarterly  paper,  con- 
fined strictly  to  a  business  presentation  of  local 
interests,  so  that  it  is  in  no  sense  a  rival  of 
the  denominational  magazines  published  by  the 
Boards,  unifies  the  constituency  and  gives  the 
definite  intelligence  regarding  details  upon  which 
efficient  service  is  based. 


Resources  of  the  King's  Army  99 

{d)    The    use    of    office    appliances.       If     the   Use  of  Office 
average   officer  of  a  woman's   missionary  society  Appliances, 
should  take  a  course  of  training  in  the  use  of  the 
simplest     office     devices,    the    energy    conserved 
would      immensely     increase     the     total    results 
attained.      It  seems  decidedly  lacking   in  sense  of 
proportion   for  a  vv^oman  whose  vitality   is  worth 
ten    dollars    an    hour    to    the   society   which   she 
represents,  to  spend  it  on  work  which  so  accessible 
a  machine  as  a  typewriter  will   do  for  one  dollar 
an   hour.      The   varied   service   which   the  type- 
writer renders  is  out  of  all  proportion  to  the  cost. 
The  agenda  or  outline  of   important  business   to 
be  considered,  sent  out  a  week  or  more  before  a 
committee    meeting,    so   that    its   members    come 
prepared  to  vote,  saves  time  and   confines  discus- 
sion to  real    issues,  shutting  out    irrelevant  ones ; 
the  typewritten  minutes  mailed   to  each    member 
after  the  meeting  guard  against  misunderstanding 
or   forgetfulness    in  carrying  out   plans    adopted; 
filed  together  they  furnish   a  complete  record   of 
the  year's  business   for   instant  reference  by   any 
member;  while  typewritten   forms  for  reports  of 
officers  and  department  secretaries  promote  uni- 
formity and  clearness  of  statement. 

(yc')  An  adeq7iate  expense  fund.     The  Admin-   Adequate 
istration    Expense   of   the  Board,  the  Contingent  Expense 
Fund     for     state,     district     and     local    societies, 
which  include  absolutely  necessary  office  expense 
and   what   a  business   house  would   term  promo- 
tion, are  prime  essentials  to  effectiveness. 


100  The  King's  Business 

Prompt  and  {d)  Insistence    on   pi-ompt    and  accurate   re- 

Accurate  ports.     Every  business   firm  takes   an   inventory 

eports.  ^^    account    of    stock,     at    least    annually,    many 

oftener.  This  includes  a  painstaking  and  com- 
plete statement  of  all  transactions  of  the  past  year 
and  of  present  standing.  No  business  house 
reaches  its  possible  efficiency  without  this  accurate 
know^ledge  of  its  existing  conditions.  No  Mis- 
sion Board  reaches  its  highest  efficiency  without 
the  same  clear  understanding,  and  it  can  be  based 
only  on  an  equally  searching  review  all  along  the 
line. 

This  slight  study  of  the  range  of  development 
possible  in  state  and  district  societies  is  neces- 
sarily incomplete  at  many  points.  It  does  not 
seek  to  lay  down  a  stereotyped  plan  which  these 
societies  may  slavishly  adopt.  Neither  does  it 
enumerate  detached  methods  which  may  and  may 
not  fit  individual  cases.  It  suggests  an  outline 
by  which  each  society  may  build  up  its  own  con- 
structive program,  adapting  to  it  all  the  sugges- 
tions and  helps  that  come  from  any  source.  It 
does  not  advise  the  deductive  method  of  reason- 
ing: ^'Other  states  have  adopted  policies,  used 
certain  methods;  we  will  follow  them,"  but 
rather  the  inductive:  ^ 'There  is  a  large  number 
of  women  in  our  state  who  belong  to  our  denom- 
ination and  for  whom  we  are  rightly  responsible. 
Let  us  learn  their  number,  let  us  learn  how  many 
of  them  are  members  of  women's  missionary 
societies.       Why   are    the     others    not    enrolled? 


Resources  of  the  King's  Army         101 

What  can  we  do  to  reach  them?  How  can  we 
educate  them  to  realize  their  obligation?  How 
can  we  develop  to  the  full  the  interest  of  all  these 
women,  both  in  and  out  of  missionary  societies, 
so  that  they  will  give  and  pray  and  work  as  the 
need  demands?  In  other  words,  how  shall  we 
reach  in  our  state  the  ideal  toward  which  every 
Woman's  Board  has  set  its  face:  'A  missionary 
society  in  every  church,  every  woman  a  working, 
contributing  member.'  " 

We  shall  reach  it  only  by  reaching  each  sep-  The  Local 
arate  member  of  every  church  ;  it  is  as  individuals  Society, 
that  we  must  seek  and  win  the  women  who  are 
still  outside  our  number.  Each  step  of  our  way 
has  been  marked  by  this  milestone  of  individual 
responsibility,  as  we  have  considered  the  task 
awaiting  the  women  of  Christendom,  of  America, 
of  our  denomination,  of  our  own  Board,  of  the 
state  and  district  societies.  And  at  each  stage 
the  circle  about  us  has  narrowed  until  we  reach 
the  local  society  which  directly  touches  the  indi- 
vidual. All  the  policies  and  plans,  all  the  hopes 
of  the  wider  organizations  narrow  down  to  the 
local  society  as  the  final  point  of  focus.  If  the 
individual  woman  is  not  won  in  the  local  society, 
she  remains  forever  outside  our  ranks. 

A   thousand   subtle    influences   are   blended    in   Influence  of 
the  making  of  that  elusive  thing  which   we  call   Women's 
personality,  and   no  one  but   God  can  tell  when  a   Societies  in 

,  ,    •  .  ,  ,  ,        ,        tte  Church. 

Single  sentence  in  an  address,  a  sermon,  a  book, 
a   leaflet  or   a   chance   conversation  inay   find   its 


102  The  King's   Business 

way  into  the  center  of  being,  and  open  channels 
whence  new  tides  of  life  shall  flow  toward  higher 
and  holier  endeavor.  All  branches  of  the  local 
church  must  unite  in  the  impact  of  the  mission- 
ary motive  on  the  unawakened  element  in  the 
church.  The  pastor  is  naturally  the  leader  and 
often  the  determining  factor  as  to  the  degree  of 
emphasis  placed  on  the  missionary  motive.  The 
weekly  prayer  meetings,  the  Sunday  School,  the 
Young  People's  Societies,  the  Brotherhood,  the 
Women's  Societies  all  have  a  part  in  the  whole 
impression  that  must  be  given  of  present  crisis 
and  opportunity.  And  yet  the  fact  remains  that, 
however  aided  and  abetted  by  other  influences, 
the  Woman's  Society,  under  the  present  system 
of  organization,  is  primarily  responsible  for  edu- 
cating and  enlisting  in  active  effort  the  entire 
woman  membership  of  the  church. 

There  may  be  occasional  instances  of  women 
vitally  concerned  for  the  progress  of  missions 
who  are  not  connected  with  women's  societies. 
But  so  largely  as  to  make  it  an  established  rule, 
the  membership  of  the  women's  societies  is  the 
thermometer  which  measures  the  interest  of  the 
feminine  contingent  in  church  membership.  The 
records  indicate  that  with  all  the  brave  pioneer 
work,  with  our  multiplied  agencies  and  splendid 
organization  only  a  fraction  of  our  legitimate 
constituency  has  been  won.  Some  Boards  do  not 
even  have  sufficient  data  to  make  an  accurate 
estimate  of  their  standing.      Of  those  who  do,  a 


Resources  of  the  King's  Army         103 

fair  average  may  be  obtained  from  the  figures  of 
the  Methodist  Protestant  Church  which  show  that 
it  has  five  per  cent  of  its  women  communicants 
enrolled  as  members  of  Women's  Missionary 
Societies, — the  Reformed  in  America  6  per  cent, 
the  Methodist  Episcopal,  South,  9  per  cent, 
Methodist  Episcopal  13  per  cent,  the  United 
Brethren  and  Congregational  of  the  Pacific 
Coast  14  per  cent.  Baptist  15  per  cent,  Presby- 
terian 21  per  cent.  Southern  Baptist  and  Friends 
25  per  cent.  United  Presbyterian  34  per  cent  and 
Free  Methodist  36  per  cent. 

It  is  clearly  evident  that  the  twofold  aim  which   Twofold 
prompted  the  organization  of  Women's   Boards,    ^^"^  °* 
to  make    happier    conditions   for  the  women    of  ^    .    ." 

^  ^  _       Societies. 

non-Christian  lands  through  the  efforts  of  their 
Christian  sisters  is  scarcely  nearer  realization  at 
home  than  abroad ;  and  that  we  shall  never  realize 
either  by  present  methods  and  at  the  present  rate 
of  progress.  We  must  both  enlarge  our  efforts  and 
develop  them  to  the  highest  possible  efficiency. 

The  conservation  of  resources  and  effort  is  Conservation, 
everywhere  in  the  air  to-day.  Large  movements 
are  underway  to  conserve  our  national  resources, 
natural  and  material.  Great  industrial  enter- 
prises are  employing  men  at  generous  salaries  to 
show  them  how  to  eliminate  waste  of  time, 
money  and  effort  and  secure  maximum  results  at 
a  minimum  expenditure.  As  a  people  we  are 
quick  to  recognize  the  value  in  the  new  and  un- 
tried,   and  to  attempt  its  application  to  our  own 


104 


The  King's  Business 


conditions.      No  word   is  oftener  heard  to-day  in 
popular   speech,    no   matter   what    the    range    of 
topics,  than  conservation. 
Scientific  Scientific     management,     business     efficiency, 

Management,  increased  efficiency  are  terms  constantly  applied 
to  any  and  every  effort  at  improvement  in  plan- 
ning or  execution.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  we  do 
not  always  remember  that  the  whole  secret  of 
scientific  management  is  that  it  is  a  thorough 
system,  controlled  and  operated  by  certain  definite 
laws  as  opposed  to  the  adoption  of  haphazard 
methods,  however  worthy  in  themselves. 

Mr.  Frederick  W.  Taylor,  one  of  the  two  chief 
representatives  of  the  system,  has  explained  it 
in  his  book,  ^'The  Principles  of  Scientific 
Management." 
Its  Principles.  The  four  underlying  principles  of  scientific 
management,  as  Mr.  Taylor  names  them,  are;  (1) 
The  development  of  a  true  science.  (2)  The 
scientific  selection  of  individual  workmen.  (3) 
Their  scientific  training  and  development  in 
accordance  with  the  system  that  has  be^n  out- 
lined. (4)  Intimate  friendly  co-operation  between 
the  management  and  the  men. 

While  the  field  of  activity  of  the  woman's 
missionary  society  differs  radically  from  the  in- 
dustrial fields  where  these  principles  have  been 
worked  out,  the  philosophy  in  its  essence  may  be 
'  successfully  applied  here  as  in  other  widely  vary- 
ing occupations.  Let  us  briefly  consider  Mr. 
Taylor's  points  in  relation  to  our  work: — 


Resources  of  the  King's  Army         105 

1.  The  development  of  a  true  sciejice.  Science  Development 
is  based  on  reliable  data,  not  guesswork.  A  of  a  Science, 
clear  distinction  must  first  be  made  between  the 
purpose  for  which  the  society  exists  and  the 
means  by  which  it  attempts  to  realize  that  pur- 
pose. A  missionary  society  does  not  exist  merely 
to  fill  a  gap  in  the  customary  machinery  of  the 
church,  to  collect  a  certain  amount  of  money,  to 
hold  ten  or  twelve  meetings  a  year.  These  are 
incident  to  and  dependent  upon  its  primary  aim 
of  so  presenting  the  missionary  message  as  funda- 
mental in  Christian  experience  that  it  will  take 
vital  hold  on  lives,  so  that  their  dominant  impulse 
will  become  the  longing  to  see  Christ  regnant  in 
all  other  lives. 

Each  society  must  ascertain  by  a  detailed  study 
of  local  conditions  what  particular  mode  of 
operation  will  best  enable  it  to  fulfill  its  primary 
function  and  all  effort  must  conform  to  this  pur- 
pose. Thus  to  understand  actual  conditions  and 
to  study  them  in  the  light  of  certain  definite  rules 
is  the  basis  of  the  efficiency  program.  On  it 
must  be  built  the  new  system,  evolved  not  from 
tradition  or  precedent,  but  from  a  knowledge  of 
the  real  needs  in  its  own  community  which  the 
society  should  meet. 

2.    The  scientijic  select io7i  of  w or k?nen.      This    Selection  of 
will   involve   not   only  a  thorough    conception  of  Workmen, 
the  task  each  workman  is   to  perform,  but  of  the 
separate     ability     of     the     individual     members. 
There    is    no   question   that    to   a   much     greater 


106  The  King's  Business 

degree  than  at  present  the  work  of  women's  mis- 
sionary societies  may  be  normalized  and  stan- 
dardized and  the  quality  of  their  activities  made 
finer.  Yet  the  aim  in  each  local  field  must  not 
be  to  establish  a  standard  society  so  much  as  to 
develop  the  highest  type  of  Christian  service  in 
its  members.  There  must  be  a  sustained,  con- 
structive effort  in  which  each  worker  fills  the 
place  for  which  she  is  best  qualified. 
^•Management  It  will  mean  an  Executive  Committee  or  ^'man- 
^**^^-  agement  staff,"  as  it  is  called  under  the  efficiency 

system,  much  more  compactly  organized  than  is 
customary  in  our  women's  societies.  The  man- 
agement staff  must  outline  the  whole  work  that  is 
to  be  undertaken,  they  must  divide  it  into  depart- 
ments and  put  these  in  charge  of  various  officers 
as  ''functional  foremen,"  who  as  they  study  and 
develop  their  own  departments,  always  under  the 
direction  of  the  management  as  a  whole,  will 
become  trained  specialists,  capable  of  giving  a 
service  constantly  increasing  in  value.  The 
management  must  not  only  oversee  the  various 
departments,  but  must  plan  the  tasks  for  indi- 
vidual members,  in  such  a  way  that  they  contrib- 
ute to  the  general  end  in  view  and  that  each 
develops  the  fullest  powers.  Thus  to  engage 
the  entire  membership  of  the  society  in  some 
form  of  active  service  has  never  yet  been  accom- 
plished, but  this  practical,  not  theoretical,  enlist- 
ment is  the  only  road  to  the  highest  possible 
efficiency. 


Resources  of  the  King's  Army         107 

3.  The  scientific  training  and  development  of  TLeir 
the  workman  for  the  position  she  is  to  fill  is  per-   Training, 
haps  the  most  difficult  of  Mr.  Taylor's  underly- 
ing principles   to  apply  to  a  society  of  volunteer 
workers.      So  important  a  part  of  the  philosophy 

is  it  considered  that  by  some  the  whole  system  is 
called  "task  management,"  instead  of  scientific 
management.  It  entails  a  comprehensive  analy- 
sis, by  study  and  experiment,  of  all  the  possible 
ways  in  which  a  piece  of  work  has  been  done 
and  the  fixing  of  a  standard  by  which  it  can  be 
done  under  existing  conditions  with  least  waste 
of  time  and  effort  and  with  the  best  results. 

While  it  involves  close  adherence  by  the  work- 
man to  the  whole  plan  as  prepared,  it  does  not 
bar  ingenuity  in  devising  new  and  better  methods. 
Whenever  a  new  method  is  found  by  careful 
analysis  to  be  superior  to  the  old,  it  is  adopted 
as  the  standard  and  the  initiative  of  the  single 
workman  benefits  many  more  than  himself  alonfe. 
In  this  way,  building  upon  the  best  of  others,  he 
makes  real  additions  to  the  world's  knowledge, 
instead  of  reinventing  ways  of  working  which  are 
really  old. 

Thus  we  should  gain  not  only  in  efficiency  and 
in  elimination  of  waste  effort,  but  immensely  in 
solidarity  and  in  individualized  responsibility. 
The  fourth  point  would  be  a  natural  sequence. 

4.  Intimate yriendly  co-operation  between  the  Co-operation, 
management  and  the  men,   or  between  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  and  the  rank  and  file  of  the  society, 


108  The  King's  Business 

which  ineans  merely  the  widest  community  of  in- 
terest in  seeking  an  end  in  which  all  are  equally 
concerned  ;  the  desire  on  the  part  of  the  Executive 
Committee  to  seek  out  the  best  of  which  every 
member  is  capable  and  the  willingness  on  the 
part  of  every  member  to  give  that  best  in  the 
service  of  all.  Few  societies  have  yet  undertaken 
this  educational  process  of  fitting  members  for 
special  tasks,  but  it  has  been  proved  in  many 
instances  that  in  those  societies  where  the  differ- 
ent lines  of  activity  are  most  clearly  recognized 
and  defined,  the  largest  efficiency  has  been 
reached. 

All  this  in  its  application  to  the  volunteer  work 
of  the  woman's  missionary  society  would  require 
time  and  patience,  careful  study  and  tactful 
presentation.  But  it  would  be  a  work  for  the 
future  and  would  benefit  not  only  our  successors 
in  our  own  community,  but  all  workers  every- 
where who  with  us  hold  the  same  aims  and  the 
same  hopes. 
Not  New  ^'Scientific  management,"  as  Mr.  Taylor  says. 

Facts,  but  *'does  not  involve  the  discovery  of  new  and  start- 

New  Science.  Wng  facts  but  old  knowledge  so  collected,  an- 
alyzed, grouped  and  classified  into  laws  and  rules 
that  it  constitutes  a  science.'* 

Perhaps  the  time  will  come  when  we,  too,  shall 
have  our  ^'efficiency  experts"  who  have  made  a 
wide  study  of  the  principles  of  scientific  manage- 
ment in  its  application  to  our  work,  who  have 
had  success  in  overcoming  common  difficulties, 


Resources  of  the  King's  Army         109 

and  who  with  practical  experience  in  introducing 
a  new  and  better  system,  will  visit  a  community, 
study  local  conditions,  and  suggest  an  improved 
mode  of  operation.  This  service  might  be  given 
to  ten  societies  in  a  community  as  easily  as  to  one 
and  may  be  an  outcome  of  that  larger  unity 
toward  which  we  are  tending. 

What  practical  application  has  all  this  to  your  Applied  to 
own  missionary  society?  Perhaps  the  analysis,  *^^  Woman  a 
slight  as  it  is  of  the  ' 'gospel  of  efficiency"  seems  °"^  ^* 
bewilderingly  abstract  and  technical  and  impos- 
sible of  solution.  Women  will  not  unravel  an 
intricate  system.  They  do  not  think  in  the  ab- 
stract. It  is  already  impossible  to  get  women  to 
serve  on  the  most  necessary  committees.  Your 
officers  are  overworked.  And  yet  it  is  just  where 
the  pressure  of  modern  conditions  is  greatest  that 
the  doctrine  of  efficiency  has  commanded  readiest 
attention.  Men  to  whom  time  has  largest  value 
have  given  it  to  the  introduction  of  the  system, 
because  they  have  realized  that  it  meant  lasting 
economy  of  time  and  effort.  A  recent  magazine 
article  thus  epitomizes  the  practical  results  of 
scientific  management: — 

^'A  bricklayer  used  to  lay  120  bricks  in  an 
hour.  A  man  who  studied  the  subject  carefully 
prepared  an  adjustable  table  to  be  placed  at  the 
bricklayer's  side,  so  that  he  wouldn't  have  to 
stoop,  and  had  the  bricks  delivered  on  it  in  just 
the  right  position,  so  that  the  bricklayer  wouldn't 
have   to   turn   every  brick  right   side   up.      The 


110 


The  King's  Business 


Practical 
Application. 


Study  of 
Local  Field. 


result  is  that  the  same  bricklayer  who  laid  only 
120  bricks  in  an  hour  under  the  old  method  now 
can  lay  350  bricks  in  the  same  time  without  any 
more  exertion.  This  is  a  good  example  of  what 
modern  'efficiency'  and  'scientific  management' 
are  doing  in  factories,  stores  and  offices  every- 
where, revolutionizing  all  kinds  of  work."  This 
certainly  is  sufficiently  concrete. 

If  the  ordinary  missionary  society  could  carry 
on  its  work  and  reach  present  results  with  only 
half  the  labor,  or  better  still  double  the  results 
with  no  more  labor  than  at  present,  would  not 
the  installation  of  a  thorough  system  be  worth  the 
effort  ? 

Time  study,  to  discover  the  shortest  possible 
time  in  which  a  given  task  may  be  performed, 
improvement  in  method,  the  use  of  tools  and 
utensils  that  will  conserve  time  and  are  suited  to 
the  task  in  hand,  study  to  eliminate  waste  motion, 
planning  a  task  definitely  through  to  the  end 
before  beginning  it,  concentration  on  one  task 
until  it  is  finished  to  the  exclusion  of  others  un- 
related, careful  specialization  of  tasks, — women 
are  finding  increasing  relief  from  household 
drudgery  by  the  adoption  of  some  of  these  ele- 
ments of  the  efficiency  system.  Shall  we  have 
vacuum  cleaners  and  fireless  cookers  and  kitchen 
cabinets  in  our  homes  and  continue  to  use  make- 
shifts in  the  King's  service.'' 

If  every  woman's  missionary  society  would 
unitedly,  courageously,  believingly  dedicate  one 


Resources  of  the  King's  Army         HI 

year  to  a  scientific  study  of  facts  in  its  own  local 
field, — the  things  it  is  actually  doing  and  its 
ways  of  doing  them,  the  things  it  might  be  doing 
and  the  corresponding  improvement  in  method, 
it  would  mean  in  some  cases  a  full  ten  years' 
growth. 

Have  you  not  in  your  society  the  women  who 
can  and  will  undertake  and  carry  through  this 
critical  and  comprehensive  analysis  and  recon- 
structive process?  It  is  all  the  more  necessary, 
then,  that  some  measures  should  be  taken  to  win 
them.  They  are  in  your  community.  They  are 
in  your  church.  Women  are  doing  big  things  in 
every  community.  They  are  cleaning  up  cities, 
laying  out  parks,  fitting  up  playgrounds  for  chil- 
dren, opening  settlement  houses  and  social 
centers,  building  libraries,  filling  art  galleries 
with  beauty,  influencing  legislation  of  every  kind 
for  social  and  moral  betterment.  These  things 
are  not  achieved  without  ceaseless  work  and  abun- 
dant sacrifice  of  time  and  self-interest,  but 
women  are  giving  them  with  enthusiasm  because 
the  cause  appeals  to  them  as  immensely  worth 
while.  A  large  per  cent  of  them  are  Christian 
women  who  will  put  the  same  tremendous  vitality 
into  this  work,  if  its  dominant  claim  upon  all  of 
life  can  be  brought  home  to  them.  Mrs.  Newell 
Dwight  Hillis  says  in  a  recent  article:  ^* While 
we  acknowledge  frankly  and  with  appreciation, 
both  the  quality  and  quantity  of  work  that  is 
done    in   the     Church     and    for    the    Church    by 


112  The  King's  Business 

woman,  it  is  a  cause  of  surprise  and  regret  that 
her  work  in  the  Church  to-day  falls  far  below  the 
efficiency  that  it  might  have,  because  of  the  great 
lack  of  leadership.  .  .  .  Surely  now,  when 
women  have  more  culture,  more  leisure,  and  more 
resources  at  their  command  than  any  women  of 
the  world  have  had  at  any  time,  there  should  be 
no  lack  of  leaders.  No  one  for  a  moment  doubts 
that  the  women  exist — the  woman  who  can  speak, 
the  woman  whose  gift  is  music.  .  .  .  Why  do 
not  women  see  that  in  the  Church  is  a  field  offer- 
ing quick  and  constant  returns  for  the  investment 
of  culture  and  social  position?"  One  of  the 
chief  lessons  of  the  Woman's  Jubilee  was  that  we 
command  talent  and  generous  service  in  propor- 
tion to  the  largeness  of  the  demand  which  we 
make  upon  them. 
Message  of  The  great  message  of   the  Men   and   Religion 

Men  and  Movement  to  the  churches  was  that  local  condi- 

Religion  tions  can  be  diagnosed   as  a  physician   diagnoses 

the  need  of  a  patient  and  that  prescriptions  faith- 
fully followed  will  produce  anticipated  effects; 
that  the  Church  may  measure  its  task  intelligently 
if  it  will  gather  and  tabulate  the  necessary  in- 
formation; and  that  asymmetrical  Christian  serv- 
ice may  be  reduced  to  known  factors  and  summed 
up  in  an  analysis  comprising  a  range  of  oppor- 
tunity equaling  every  variety  of  talent. 

It  has  been  said  that  most  of  woman's  inven- 
tiveness goes  to  waste  because  she  lacks  the  con- 
structive   ability    of     man.       The    laymen    have 


Movement. 


Resources  cf  the  King's  Army         "^13 

generously  stated  that  most  of  their  plans  they 
borrowed  from  the  women's  societies.  They 
have  amply  repaid  the  debt,  however,  in  the 
constructive  methods  by  which  they  have  built 
these  plans  into  a  composite  scheme  of  activities 
that  may  be  used  by  all  organizations  in  a  local 
church.  The  "Program  of  Work"  of  the  Men 
and  Religion  Movement  may  well  be  used  as  a 
handbook  by  any  woman's  society  that  attempts 
to  plan  a  cumulative,  symmetrical,  permanent 
advance.  To  this  "Program"  grateful  acknowl- 
edgment is  made  for  suggestions  utilized  in  this 
study. 

Suppose  we  take  as  a  suggestion,  not  neces-  Policy  for 
sarily  a  model,  a  society  working  under  the  Local  Society, 
policy  given  at  the  close  of  this  chapter.  As  a 
matter  of  fact,  every  local  society  should  adopt 
its  own  policy  each  year,  as  regularly  as  it  elects 
its  officers.  It  should  be  fully  discussed  and  voted 
upon  by  the  entire  society,  that  each  member 
may  feel  she  has  had  a  part  in  its  making  and  has 
a  personal  obligation  in  realizing  it.  Some  soci- 
eties make  the  annual  meeting  an  all  day  meet- 
ing, with  a  social  hour  together  at  noon.  The 
old  year's  progress  is  discussed  in  the  morning, 
with  reports  from  all  officers  and  departments 
and  the  new  year's  forecast  in  the  policy  is  taken 
up  in  the  afternoon. 

The  policy  of  a  local  society  should  be  based 
on  the  policy  of  its  state  society  as  that  follows 
the  general   line  of   its  Board's.      It   should   state 


114  The  King's  Business 

in  definite  figures  the  number  of  new  members 
the  society  hopes  to  gain,  the  average  attendance 
at  regular  meetings,  the  amount  of  money  to  be 
raised  for  the  field  a»nd  the  specific  purpose  for 
which  it  is  to  be  used,  the  amount  necessary  for 
local  development  and  manner  of  securing  it,  the 
number  of  magazine  subscriptions,  number  of 
mission  study  classes  with  total  enrollment,  the 
money  to  be  spent  in  new  books  for  -the  library, 
and  throughout  the  range  of  its  activities,  it 
should  contain  a  specific  statement  of  purpose. 
This  may  all  be  done  in  a  few  concise  paragraphs, 
and  an  Executive  Committee  that  expects  intelli- 
gent co-operation,  must  invite  it  by  taking  every 
member  into  its  confidence. 
Program  for  Under    the   policy    given,    the    program    of    a 

Local  Society,  society  would  be  covered  by  four  departments: 
extension,  education,  prayer,  finance.  The  work 
of  the  first  will  be  taken  up  in  this  chapter,  edu- 
cation, prayer  and  finance  in  the  two  chapters 
following,  while  the  last  will  deal  with  conserva- 
tion and  federation. 
Division  of  Many  societies  have  successfully  followed  such 

Field.  a  plan  by  grouping  all  the  women  of  the  congre- 

gation into  districts,  with  from  ten  to  thirty 
women  in  each  district.  These  divisions  are 
usually  geographical,  but  may  sometimes  be 
modified  by  acquaintance,  influence  or  common 
interest.  Each  district  is  in  charge  of  a  chair- 
man who  is  appointed  for  the  year  by  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  and  who  meets  with  them  quarterly 


Resources  of  the  King's  Army         115 

to  report  past  work  and  plan  for  the  new  quarter^ 
After  each  reception  of  members  by  the  Church, 
the  president  and  the  district  chairmen  apportion 
the  names  of  new  members  to  the  various  dis- 
tricts. It  is  the  duty  of  the  district  chairman  to 
see  that  every  woman  in  her  district  is  invited  to 
attend  the  missionary  meeting,  is  supplied  with 
a  program  and  is  given  an  opportunity  to  contrib- 
ute. She  is  responsible  under  the  secretary  of 
literature  for  the  securing  of  magazine  subscrip- 
tions, under  the  secretary  of  mission  study  for 
securing  members  for  mission  study  classes  and 
reading  circles,  and  assists  the  treasurer  in  ap- 
pointing collectors  for  her  district.  All  special 
calls  or  notices  are  quickly  distributed  through 
the  district  chairman.  Some  one  has  said  that 
''the  test  of  the  heartbeat  is  the  way  the  blood 
tingles  at  the  finger  tips."  The  district  chair- 
men are  the  finger  tips  by  which  the  missionary 
society  touches  every  woman  to  its  farthest  circle 
of  influence. 

One   society    in   a   church   with    four   hundred   What  It  Has 
women   members,  which   has   followed   this  plan   Accomplished 

c 

for  three  years,  has  seventy  per  cent  of  the  women  *"  ^^ome 
over  eighteen  years  of  age  enrolled  as  members 
either  of  the  woman's  or  young  woman's  society. 
In  this  society  the  districts  are  purely  for  admin- 
istration purposes  and  hold  no  meetings  of  their 
own.  In  another  church,  where  the  women's 
organizations  of  every  kind  are  merged  in  a 
Woman's  Association,  each  district  meets  monthly 


116 


The  King's  Business 


Personnel  oi 

Executive 

Committee. 


for  business,  social  purposes  and  the  work  which 
usually  falls  to  a  Ladies'  Aid  Society.  The 
monthly  missionary  meeting  is  purely  inspira- 
tional, all  business  which  the  society  must  dis- 
cuss as  a  whole  being  taken  up  at  a  quarterly 
business  session  which  is  followed  by  a  social 
hour.  In  some  societies  the  district  chairmen 
are  under  the  charge  of  one  of  the  vice  presi- 
dents, instead  of  the  president,  or  of  an  additional 
officer  called  supervisor  of  districts. 

The  organization  of  a  society  following  the 
general  plan  suggested  might  be  illustrated  by 
the  accompanying  diagram.  The  vice  presidents 
may  be  made  members  of  some  one  of  the  depart- 
ments, as  may  the  corresponding  secretary,  or 
they  may  assist  the  president  in  the  general  over- 
sight. Since  we  are  coming  more  and  more  to 
realize  that  the  members  of  the  young  woman's 
society  must  be  trained  to  recruit  the  ranks  of  the 
woman's  society,  the  tie  may  be  strengthened  by 
making  the  president  of  the  young  woman's 
society  a  member  of  the  woman's  Executive 
Committee  and  they  may  have  one  member  in 
each  of  its  departments.  In  denominations  where 
the  woman's  society  has  oversight  of  the  work 
among  young  people  and  children  this  may  be 
made  a  separate  department. 

The  Executive  Committee  is  usually  made  up 
of  the  officers  only.  A  larger  cabinet  or  advisory 
board  may  include  all  who  carry  responsibility 
in  any  department,  and  occasional  m.eetings  of  this 


Resources  of  the  King's  Army        117 

board  may  help  them  to  feel  their  corporate  ob- 
ligation. The  treasurer  will  need  to  meet  quar- 
terly with  her  collectors  and  the  supervisor  of 
districts  as  often  with  the  district  chairmen. 
The  Executive  Committee  must  meet  at  least 
monthly,  perhaps  weekly,  during  the  first  days  of 
organization.  But  this  is  no  oftener  than  many 
of  the  officers  and  directors  of  the  Women's 
Boards  meet,  and  they  consider  the  meeting  a 
binding  obligation  throughout  the  year,  holding 
the  day  sacred  from  all  other  engagements. 
There  must  be  a  clear  consideration  of  relative 
values  and  a  readjustment  of  other  duties  that 
will  make  it  possible  to  give  the  time. 

The  Executive  Committee  of  the  woman's  mis-  Its 
sionary  society  must  generate  the  spiritual  power  Influence, 
which  is  to  permeate  its  every  activity;  more 
than  this,  it  must  set  in  motion  the  forces  which 
will  unify  the  women  of  the  congregation  under 
the  leadership  of  Christ;  still  more,  it  riust 
look  on  itself  as  a  factor  in  the  force  which  is  to 
move  the  world  and  bring  all  its  kingdoms  within 
the  empire  of  Christ.  With  this  wide  outlook, 
each  department  can  never  think  of  itself  as  a 
thing  apart  or  measure  progress  by  members 
gained,  money  raised  or  meetings  held.  This 
world  view  cannot  be  caught  and  held  unless  the 
committee  learns  in  frequent  prayer  that  oneness 
of  aim  and  spirit  which,  as  Chfist  has  taught 
us,  will  help  to  bring  in  His  Kingdom. 

The  manual  for  officers  already  suggested  might 


118  The  King's  Business 

define  their  duties  in  local  as  well  as  state  socie- 
ties, and  the  work  of  the  various  departments  may 
be  so  carefully  planned  and  correlated  that  no 
line  of  effort  will  be  overlooked.  Much  of  the 
real  work  may  be  done  in  the  departments  and 
the  results  of  study  and  investigation  may  be 
brought  to  the  Executive  Committee  in  the  form 
of  reports  and  recommendations.  If  the  uniform 
outlines  for  reports  are  used,  it  will  help  to  con- 
fine both  effort  and  discussion  to  vital  points. 
Typewritten  reports  may  be  filed  with  the  secre- 
tary and  a  carbon  copy  retained  by  the  department. 
A  simple  manuscript  cover  will  hold  the  record 
for  a  year,  and  the  experiences,  either  successes  or 
failures,  of  one  year's  work,  will  soon  become  a 
*  necessary  foundation  on  which  to  build  the  next. 

Its  If  reports  are  brief  and  recommendations  defi- 

Meetingfl.  j^j^g  ^^^  ^\i   discussion  held  rigidly  to  the  point 

at  issue,  meetings  need  not  be  excessive  in  length. 
A  good  presiding  officer,  with  even  a  fair  knowl- 
edge of  parliamentary  procedure,  which  she 
makes  a  means  to  an  end,  not  a  fetish,  can 
usually  control  absolutely  the  trend  of  a  meeting. 
If  her  vision  is  broad  enough  to  embrace  the 
whole  scope  and  possibilities  of  her  society  and 
yet  minute  enough  to  discern  difficulties  and 
dangers  to  be  overcome;  if  she  is  willing  to  give 
herself  or  efface  herself  as  the  occasion  demands; 
if  she  frankly  shares  her  responsibilities  with  the 
members  of  her  committee  and  lets  them  feel  that 
while  she   leads,  she   leans   on    them    and    trusts 


Resources  of  the  King's  Army        119 

them;  if  she  helps  each  department  to  believe  in 
its  unique  power  as  a  dynamic  center  for  relating 
the  entire  life  of  the  church  to  the  world-purpose 
of  Christ,  the  aim  of  the  society  will  constantly 
coine  nearer  to  realization  in  her  hands. 

No  Executive  Committee  can  attain  this  ideal 
without  at  least  one  meeting  each  month  for  quiet 
and  uninterrupted  discussion.  Some  committees 
hold  also  an  open  executive  meeting,  where  any 
member  of  the  society  is  welcomed,  directly  pre- 
ceding the  regular  meeting  of  the  society,  and 
from  which  necessary  business  is  brought  into 
the  later  meeting  in  the  form  of  recommendations 
and  quickly  completed. 

Whenever  and  however  the  business  meeting  of 
the  society  is  held,  the  individual  member  must 
be  made  to  feel  that,  while  irrelevant  discussion 
is  safeguarded  for  lack  of  time  and  to  avoid  en- 
croaching upon  other  features  of  the  program, 
she  is  vitally  related  to  the  conduct  of  the  society 
and  it  is  her  duty  and  privilege  to  know  all  its 
decisions  which  affect  her  interest  in  its  wel- 
fare. 

Suppose  that  our  Executive  Committee  is  General  Aim. 
organized  for  a  new  year,  its  departments  decided 
upon  and  they  are  ready  for  a  detailed  study  of 
the  line  of  work  each  is  to  undertake, — to  build 
from  the  ground  up,  if  need  be,  on  substantial 
foundations.  In  addition  to,  or  in  preparation 
for,  the  specific  declaration  of  purpose  of  each 
department,  a  general  aim  might  be  thus  outlined. 


120  The  King's  Business 

General  Aim :  — 

1.  The  work  of  each  department  must  be 
clearly  defined,  the  conditions  which  it  confronts 
understood  and  its  forces  measured. 

2.  While  all  material  is  to  be  unified  in  the 
hands  of  the  secretary,  each  department  must,  in 
large  degree,  make  its  own  investigations,  use  its 
own  data  and  be  responsible  for  carrying  out  the 
plans  adopted. 

3.  Each  department  shall  prepare  a  report  cov- 
ering {a)  work  already  done  in  its  field,  (<$)  work 
which  should  be  done,  (c)  the  forces  which  will 
hinder  or  help  the  carrying  out  of  its  plans. 

4.  It  is  better  to  centralize  upon  one  thing  at 
a  time  which  the  Executive  Committee  decides 
to  be  most  important  and  succeed  in  that  than  to 
attempt  a  number  and  fail  in  all. 

ProMems.  Each   department  might  also  use  the  following 

general  problems  for  focusing  its  study: — 

1.  By  what  method  that  you  can  devise,  can  the 
society  double  the  present  results  attained  with- 
out increasing  the  effort  in  any  part  of  its  work? 

2.  By  what  method  that  you  can  devise,  can 
the  society  attain  its  present  results  and  cut  down 
the  effort  one  half  or  one  third? 

Extension  Let  the  Executive  Committee  first  consider  in 

Department,      detail  the  activities  of  the  Extension  Department. 
Its  program  of  work   might   be   outlined   as   fol- 
lows:— 
Objective :  — 

1.    Present  to  every  woman  in  the  congregation. 


Resources  of  the  King's  Army       121 

the   duty    and   privilege   of   helping   to  give   the 
Gospel  of  Christ  to  all  the  vs^orld. 

2.  Enlist  every  woman  in  some  form  of  active 
service  toward  this  end. 

Preliminary  Survey:  — 

1.  Secure  a  list  of  names  and  addresses  of  all 
women  in  the  congregation  over  eighteen  years 
of  age. 

2.  Index  these  names  in  card  catalogue  in 
alphabetical  order  and  study  individually  with 
reference  to  the  work  which  they  are  now  doing 
or  are  fitted  to  do. 

Per7na7ient  Program :  — 

1.  Make  a  classified  record  of  all  information 
obtained  and  suggestions  of  value. 

2.  Try  to  place  every  woman  in  the  work  for 
which  she  is  best  qualified. 

A  church  which  has  successfully  made  such  a  Study  of 
classification  of  its  membership  gives  the  follow-  Members, 
ing  account  of  its  methods:  "The  work  under- 
taken thus  far  has  been  in  line  with  the  work 
which  Mr.  Taylor  does  when  he  is  asked  to 
reorganize  a  factory  along  the  line  of  his  prin- 
ciples. His  first  task  is  to  study  the  men  and 
machines  and  discover  just  where  lies  the  cause 
of  a  less  than  maximum  output. 

"The  Advisory  Board  is  now  at  work  on  the 
roll  of  the  church.  When  a  name  of  a  member 
is  read  from  that  roll  here  are  some  of  the  test 
questions  which  are  applied  to  him:  Is  he  at 
work?     Is  he  at  work  in  the  place  for  which   his 


122  The  King's  Business 

peculiar  talents  fit  him?      Would  his   efficiency 
be   increased  by  a  transfer  to  some  other  depart- 
ment?    Without  interfering  with  the  work  which 
he  is  now  doing,  has  he  additional  talent,  unused, 
which  might  be  invested  in  some  other  line?     Is 
he  working  up   to   his  capacity?     The  discovery 
is  made   that   a  certain  member  is   doing  nothing 
which  is  discoverable.      The  Board  considers  his 
case  and  learns  that   he  has  talents  which  are  not 
being  used.      These  gifts   fit  him  for  some  par- 
ticular work.      His  name   is   turned   over   to    the 
head  of  that   department  with   the  direction  that 
he  shall    do   his  best   to  set   him  to  work.      This 
man  is  to  report  back  to  the  Board  his  success  or 
failure.      A    new  member    is    received    into    the 
church.       Immediately   the   Board   sets    itself    to 
discover,  by  acquaintance  with  him  and  inquiry, 
just  what   he  is  good  for  and  then  to  tie   him  up 
to  that  work  at  once. 

*'In  the  case  of  misfit,  a  good  man  in  the 
wrong  place,  instead  of  allowing  this  condition 
to  continue  indefinitely,  to  the  injury  of  the  man 
and  the  church,  the  Advisory  Board  in  the  kind- 
est and  most  considerate  fashion  looks  out  a  new 
field  for  which  he  is  fitted  and  provides  for  the 
transfer  in  such  fashion  that  the  individual  is 
not  hurt,  nor  his  zeal  lessened.  The  great  lack 
of  the  Church  to-day  lies  right  here.  It  is  not 
so  much  that  Christian  men  and  women  are  un- 
willing to  do.  The  difficulty  is  they  have  no 
initiative.      Hitherto  they  have  been  either  left 


Resources  of  the  King's  Army        128 

to  hunt  out  their  own  field  or  the  responsibility 
has  been  thrown  on  the  pastor  to  find  them  a  field. 
Sometimes  this  method  ends  in  a  man's  finding 
his  right  place,  sometimes  a  wrong  place,  more 
often  no  place  at  all.  "  ("  The  .Continent, ' '  Feb. 
29,  1912.) 

Such  a  plan  may  be  followed  with   equal  suc- 
cess by  the  Executive   Committee   of  a  woman's 
missionary    society.       A  regular    card    catalogue 
may  be  used  as  a  record,  listing  the  names  of  all 
women   in  the  church,  whether   members   of  the 
society  or  not.      This  work  need  not,  in  the  least, 
lessen    the   unity   of    the     church    in    facing    its 
corporate   responsibility   nor    interfere  with    any 
plans   made  by   a    church    missionary   committee 
representing  all  organizations.      Such  an  investi- 
gation would  place  data  of  great  value  at  the  dis- 
posal    of    this     committee.       If     desired,    other 
departments  of   church    activity  might   be   added 
to  the  record  card,  or  the  training  received  in  the 
woman's  society  could   be  used  elsewhere.      The 
missionary  society  fails   in   its   full  mission  if   it 
does  not  better  equip  its  members  for  any  service 
they  can  render  the  church  as  a  whole. 

As  the  names  are  taken  up  in  order,  they  are  Assignment 
thoughtfully  studied  and  discussed  and  assigned  of  Tasks, 
to  some  one  of  the  departments,  note  being  made 
also  of  fitness  for  specific  work.  If  their  talents 
are  unknown,  one  of  the  extension  department  is 
detailed  to  investigate  and  report  at  a  later  meet- 
ing.     It  will   be  necessary  for  the  district  leaders 


124  The  King's  Business 

to  meet  with  the  Executive  Committee  for  this 
preliminary  study.  As  the  general  records  are 
made  by  the  secretary,  each  department  must 
make  its  own  specific  records,  noting  names  and 
addresses  of  those  assigned  to  it,  suggested  fitness 
for  special  work,  prospective  members  for  mis- 
sion study  classes  or  reading  circles,  musical 
talent  or  other  gifts  that  might  be  used  in  pro- 
gram meetings.  Record  cards  may  be  made  of 
those  who  might  fill  the  various  offices  in  the 
society  acceptably,  if  needed.  In  every  church 
there  is  an  undreamed  of  amount  of  such  latent 
ability.  With  several  reserves  for  each  office  and 
perhaps  one  or  two  in  actual  training  as  assis- 
tants, we  might  avert  the  customary  panic  which 
the  threatened  loss  of  an  officer  creates. 
Secret  of  The  Secret   of   wise  conservation    is  no  unused 

Conservation,  power  in  the  constituency,  for  power  unused  is 
wasted.  It  is  a  sacred  trust  thus  to  study  the 
gifts  and  possibilities  in  the  women  around  you, 
and  by  fine  discrimination  select  for  each  the 
task  that  may  mean  a  greatly  enlarged  vision  of 
Christian  service,  a  liberation  of  spiritual  forces 
that  may  not  only  transform  one  life,  but  bless 
many  other  lives  through  its  influence.  It  will 
mean  to  many  societies  a  much  broader  aim,  an 
increase  in  scope  and  activities,  thus  to  furnish 
tasks  that  will  engage  the  best  powers  of  the 
womanhood  of  its  church.  Rightly  conducted, 
there  is  no  organization  that  offers  a  wider  field 
for  every  talent,  spiritual,  literary,  social,  execu- 


Resources  of  the  King's  Army        125 


live,  and  the  women  must  be  made  to  feel  that 
they  will  find  here  every  broadening,  spiritual- 
izing influence  that  they  seek  elsewhere.  If  you 
make  it  inclusive  enough,  you  will  get  the  women 
of  all  types  and  of  all  interests.  The  missionary 
society  represents  leadership  in  the  highest 
things  to  the  women  of  the  church  and  is  respon- 
sible to  them  for  a  symmetrical  development. 

While  each  department  must  plan  to  use  to  the  Metkod  of 
best  advantage  the  women  assigned  to  it,  the  Approach. 
Extension  Department  is  the  point  of  contact 
between  the  Executive  Committee  and  the  women 
of  the  church  and  its  work  is  only  begun  when 
the  preliminary  survey  is  completed.  It  is  their 
privilege  now  to  try  to  win  every  woman  to  the 
particular  task  which  waits  for  her.  This  defi- 
niteness  of  approach  is  in  itself  an  immense 
advantage.  They  must  stop  talking  about  the 
^'uninterested  woman"  in  the  abstract  and  culti- 
vate her  friendship  in  reality.  They  must  know 
her  street  address  and  be  able  to  catalogue  the 
various  brands  of  her  indifference.  They  must 
be  able  to  put  themselves  in  her  place,  to  look 
through  her  eyes;  to  ask  themselves  whether  if 
they  had  no  knowledge  of  missions  and  no  inter- 
est, they  would  be  likely  to  be  won  by  the  means 
ordinarily  used.  They  must  win  her  by  the  argu- 
ments which  appeal  to  her,  not  those  which  in 
their  opinion  ought  to  appeal  to  her.  And  they 
must  not  forget  that  individual  cases  must  have 
individual  consideration.      Make  the  appeal  per- 


126 


The  King's  Business 


Training  for 
Approacli. 


MembersKip 
Canvass. 


sonal  and  direct.  Do  not  say,  "Will  you  join 
our  society?"  never,  *'Will  you  contribute  money 
to  our  society.'"'  but  present  the  spiritual  claim 
courageously. 

The  women  who  do  the  work  must  be  carefully 
trained  and  prepared  for  it.  They  must  be  able 
to  meet  and  answer  the  indifferent,  the  doubting, 
the  antagonistic.  A  mission  study  class  in  the 
Extension  Department  will  be  greatly  helped  by 
studying  such  a  book  as  J.  Lovell  Murray's  *'The 
Apologetics  of  Modern  Missions,"  and  consider- 
ing with  it  actual  objections  encountered  by 
members  of  the  class.  The  Laymen's  Missionary 
Movement  includes  in  its  material  for  the  "every- 
member  canvass"  invaluable  helps  along  this  and 
similar  lines.  But  they  must  also  know  the  posi- 
tive side  of  the  question  from  books  like  "Western 
Women  in  Eastern  Lands,"  which  show  the 
heart-breaking  needs,  the  unparalleled  opportuni- 
ties, the  glorious  victories  of  missions.  They 
must  themselves  believe  tremendously  in  the  mis- 
sionary enterprise  and  its  claim  to  supreme  place 
in  Christian  life  and  purpose. 

Perhaps  in  some  societies  an  annual  member- 
ship campaign  following  the  general  lines  of  the 
Post- Jubilee  Campaign  would  be  wise.  But  the 
plans  of  the  whole  previous  year  should  lead 
carefully  up  to  it  and  of  the  whole  year  follow- 
ing should  conserve  its  results.  We  shall  never 
have,  in  any  department,  better  working  material 
than  the  splendid   helps  prepared   for   the   Post- 


flKOfd  o<  Woman  Mrniban  in                                                                                                                                        Cho.ck  . 

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19 

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DEPARTMENTS 

f 

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NAMES  AND  AOORESSCS 

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Card  No.  2  —  Society  Members 

The  cards  together  with  suitable  trays  for  holding  them  may 
be  obtained  from 

Library  Bureau 

Manufacturing  distributors  of  cards  and  filing  systems. 
Offices  in  principal  cities. 
Mail  orders  addressed  to  Liibrary  Bureau,  Boston,  Mass., 
will  be  promptly  executed. 


Resources  of  the  King's  Army       127 

Jubilee  Campaign  by  all  the  Women's  Boards.  It 
is  one  more  evidence  of  our  added  strength  when 
we  present  a  solid  front,  instead  of  fighting  in 
detached  companies.  It  should  not  be  allowed 
to  lapse,  neither  should  its  helpfulness  be  limited 
by  the  denomination  where  it  originated.  The 
wide  variety  of  helps  should  be  carefully  col- 
lected, sifted  to  avoid  duplication  and  com- 
pounded in  a  permanent  working  manual  for 
membership  committees  that  might  be  the  fore- 
runner of  a  series  of  similar  monographs  cover- 
ing all  departments  of  our  work. 

When  every  woman  in  the  congregation  has  Its  Ultimate 
been  asked  and  reported  upon,  the  work  is  only  -^^^ 
begun.  For  the  real  task  of  winning  those  who 
at  first  refused  will  enlist  the  services  of  every 
department  of  the  society  and  the  consecration 
of  the  rarest  personality  and  grace.  Do  not  coax, 
do  not  nag,  do  not  reproach,  but  never  forget 
that  your  work  is  not  done  until  every  woman  in 
the  church  has  been  brought  into  some  helpful 
contact  with  the  society  and  been  made  to  feel  by 
every  gracious,  tactful,  prayerful  compulsion, 
that  her  place  is  in  its  ranks. 

Just  one  further  word  in  regard  to  reports  and  Reports  and 
records.  Practically  all  of  the  inaccuracies.  Records, 
delays,  losses  and  general  indefiniteness  in  the 
report  system  may  be  traced  back  to  the  local 
society.  The  corresponding  secretary  should  be 
made  responsible  for  all  reports,  and  at  least  once 
a   year    she   should   call   together  all   who  share 


128  The  King's  Business 

this  responsibility  with  her  and  give  them  a 
simple  course  of  training.  The  reports  which 
go  out  from  various  officers  should  be  made  up 
together,  should  correspond  in  every  detail  and 
should  be  as  near  absolute  accuracy  as  it  is  pos- 
sible to  make  them.  The  form  of  card  index 
illustrated  is  most  complete,  one  card  containing 
the  detailed  report  in  all  departments  for  each 
member.  The  tabs  are  cut  off  and  it  is  checked 
below  to  indicate  membership  and  subscriptions. 
Tabs  indicating  lines  of  work  not  followed  by  a 
local  society  may  be  cut  off  without  checking. 
The  standing  of  a  woman  whose  card  shows  no 
tabs  is  one  hundred  per  cent.  A  study  of  all 
cards  showing  tab  three  gives  the  number  of 
women  not  yet  contributing,  tabs  four,  five  and 
six  give  non-subscribers  to  magazines.  This 
card  with  the  exact  form  and  wording  illustrated 
may  be  procured  from  the  Library  Bureau  in 
any  of  the  larger  cities  at  a  much  lower  price  than 
could  be  secured  if  a  printer  had  to  set  up  the  card 
for  a  single  order.  The  blank  cards  with  ordi- 
nary ruling  are  sufficient  in  other  cases.  They 
may  also  be  used  for  cataloguing  missionary 
books,  helpful  magazine  articles,  lists  of  topics 
for  meetings  and  general  suggestions.  Officers 
and  departments  will  find  it  helpful  to  keep  a  rec- 
ord of  suggestions  for  their  own  line  of  work.  The 
card  catalogue  of  the  women  of  the  congregation 
should  have  additions  made  to  it  quarterly  and 
should  be  completely  revised  at  least  once  a  year. 


Resources  of  the  King's  Army       129 

A    SUGGESTED    POLICY 
For  Women's  Missionary  Societies 

Motto  :  A  Missionary  Society  in  every  church  ;  every 
woman  a  working,  contributing  member. 

Aim :  To  strengthen  and  unify  the  work  of  the 
Women's  Missionary  Societies.  To  realize  the  personal 
responsibility  of  every  member  toward  this  end.  To 
advance  in  organization,  gifts  and  information.  To 
emphasize  our  constant  need  of  Divine  wisdom  and 
grace  in  every  work  that  we  attempt. 

1.  Prayer' 
We  will  endeavor  to  impress  upon  the  women  of  our 
churches  the  power  of  definite  and  persistent  prayer  in 
public  and  in  private.  We  will  exalt  the  devotional 
service  in  the  regular  meetings.  We  will  encourage  the 
formation  of  prayer  circles  to  pray  for  special  needs  in 
our  own  churches  and  on  mission  fields,  and  we  will 
constantly  and  tenderly  urge  the  daily  use  of  the  Year 
Book  of  Prayer  prepared  by  our  own  Board,  the  Call  to 
Prayer  issued  by  our  Interdenominational  Committee 
and  the  observance  of  the  nine  o'clock  prayer  hour, 
remembering  especially  the  work  directly  supported  by 
the  women  of  the  state  and  the  interdenominational 
interests  in  the  state. 

2.   Finance 

(a)  Responsibility.  We  will  attempt  by  consultation 
together  and  by  correspondence  with  our  denominational 
Boards  to  compute  the  portion  of  the  mission  fields 
for  which  the  women  of  our  state  are  directly  respon- 
sible, to  ascertain  the  amount  of  money  needed  to  meet 
this  responsibility  and  to  impress  it  upon  the  women  of 
our  churches  as  a  sacred  obligation. 

(b)  Pledge.  We  will  make  a  definite  pledge  at  the 
beginning  of  each  fiscal  year  that  we  will  endeavor  to 
pay  in  equal  quarterly  payments  and  always  in  even 
dollars. 


130  The  King's  Business 

(f)  Budget.  We  will  try  to  make  this  pledge  equal 
to  the  amount  given  last  year  and  an  advance,  propor- 
tionate with  the  needs  of  the  field  and  our  ability  to 
meet  them.  (Definite  amount  should  be  stated  each 
year  in  figures. ) 

{d)  Contingent  Fund.  Realizing  that  economy  in 
organization  is  ultimate  extravagance,  we  will  ask  from 
our  societies  a  Contingent  Fund  adequate  to  the  con- 
stantly growing  needs  of  the  work  in  a  territory  so 
large,  and  as  yet  so  imperfectly  developed.  (Definite 
amount  stated  each  year.) 

{e)  Stewardship.  Appreciating  the  need  of  an  awak- 
ening in  the  churches  to  the  obligations  of  Christian 
stewardship  and  believing  that  the  custom  of  systematic 
and  proportionate  giving  is  not  only  Scriptural,  but 
reasonable  for  every  Christian,  we  will  commend  it 
everywhere  and  endeavor  to  persuade  our  members  1o 
give  a  definite  portion  of  their  incomes  to  the  Lord's 
work. 

3.   Extension  of  Work 

(a)  As  state  and  district  officers,  we  will  make  a 
careful  study  of  our  territory  with  a  view  to  strength- 
ening  the  weak  points  and  forming  new  organizations. 

(^)  We  will  endeavor  to  attain  our  motto  by  per- 
sistent individual  effort  and  by  the  heartiest  loyalty  and 
co-operation  of  every  officer  and  member  of  the  local 
societies. 

(c)  We  will  urge  local  societies  to  institute  thorough 
and  persistent  membership  crusades  until  every  woman 
in  their  churches  becomes  interested  in  missions. 

{d')  We  will  see  that  all  possible  stimulus  and  en- 
couragement is  given  to  the  training  of  the  children  and 
young  people  of  the  church  along  direct  missionary 
lines,  in  Bands,  in  Sunday  Schools,  and  in  Young 
People's  and  Young  Women's  Societies. 


Resources  of  the  King's  Army       131 

4.   Education 

Believing  that  the  missionary  literature  of  to-day 
excels  any  other  in  truth,  in  pathos,  in  dignity,  in  sim- 
plicity, in  its  contribution  to  scientific  research,  in  its 
direct  bearing  on  great  world  problems,  we  will,  in 
every  possible  way,  encourage  its  wider  reading  and 
study. 

(«)  The  Missionary  Library.  We  will  urge  that  a 
missionary  library  be  formed  in  every  church  and  that 
a  definite  sum  be  appropriated  every  year  toward  main- 
taining and  increasing  it ;  that  the  books  be  systemati- 
cally circulated  and  an  endeavor  made  to  get  every 
woman  in  the  church  to  read  something  each  year  on 
the  subject  of  missions.  We  suggest  that  reading  clubs 
be  formed  of  all  women  who  will  pledge  themselves  to 
read  a  certain  number  of  missionary  books  aside  from 
the  text-books,  at  some  time  during  the  year,  and  that 
every  member  of  every  local  society  be  asked  to  own 
and  read  the  text-books  for  the  current  year. 

{b)  Mission  Study.  Realizing  the  power  of  the  Mis- 
sion Study  Class  as  a  large  factor  in  the  attainment  of 
all  other  missionary  effort,  we  will  urge  its  organization 
in  every  church. 

{c)  School  of  Missions.  We  urge  that  every  Woman's 
and  Young  People's  Society  send  a  representative  dele- 
gation to  the  Summer  School  of  Missions  and  that  Dis- 
trict and  State  Societies  endeavor  to  send  delegates  at 
the  expense  of  their  Contingent  Fund. 

{d)  Missionary  Magazines.  Believing  that  no  woman 
can  rightfully  discharge  her  individual  responsibility  in 
the  great  mission  work  committed  to  her  own  church 
who  does  not  keep  herself  informed  of  the  needs  and 
the  progress  in  her  own  denomination,  we  would 
emphasize  the  support  of  the  denominational  magazines 
and  of  our  own  state  paper. 


132  The  King's  Business 

5.    Standard  of  Excellence 

1.  A  ten  per  cent  increase  in  membership. 

2.  A  fifteen  per  cent  increase  in  gifts. 

3.  A  definite  pledge  returned  to  the  treasurer  before 
June  15th  and  paid  before  March  15th  following. 

4.  Equal  quarterly  payments  in  even  dollars   before 
the  15th  of  March,  June,  September  and  December. 

5.  Definite    missionary    instruction    in    the    Sunday 
School  and  contributions  taken  for  missions. 

6.  All  letters  from  officers  promptly  answered. 

7.  A  magazine    subscription   list   equal    to  half   the, 
membership. 

8.  At  least  one  Praise  Service  held. 

9.  The  Day  of  Prayer  observed  in  January. 

10.  One  Foreign  Mission  Study  Class  for  every 
fifty  members  of  the  Missionary  Society  or  fraction 
thereof. 

11.  The  Year  Book  of  Prayer  in  the  hands  of  every 
member. 

12.  An  average  attendance  at  regular  meetings  equal 
to  two  thirds  of  the  membership. 

QUESTIONS 

What  is  the  organization  of  your  state  and  district  so- 
cieties?    Who  are  their  officers? 

Draw  up  a  policy  which  you  think  adequate  to  the 
needs  of  women's  societies  in  your  state.  Do  you  think 
that  all  its  points  are  covered  by  the  work  which  they  are 
now  doing? 

Make  a  list  of  the  officers  and  committees  which  you 
think  necessary  to  carry  out  this  policy,  and  compare  it 
with  your  present  list  of  officers. 

Would  the  present  w^ork  yield  larger  results  with  im- 
proved business  methods? 

Is  your  Contingent  Fund  adequate?  Do  you  think 
that  it  would  be  ultimate  economy  to  increase  it?     How 


Resources  of  the   King's  Army         133 

does  it  compare  in  proportion  with  the  administration 
expense  of  your  Board?  Which  do  you  think  would  nat- 
urally be  larger?     Why  are  both  necessary? 

How  many  women  of  your  denomination  in  your  state? 
In  women's  missionary  societies? 

How  many  churches  of  your  denomination  in  the  state 
are  without  women's  missionary  societies  ?  What  pro- 
portion is  this  of  the  whole  number? 

How  many  v/omen  members  has  your  local  church? 
How  many  members  has  your  missionary  society  ? 

Draw  up  a  policy  adequate  to  the  needs  of  your  local 
society.  Is  your  society  doing  its  share  to  realize  the 
policy  of  your  Board?     Of  your  state  society? 

Make  a  list  of  the  strong  and  weak  points  of  your  so- 
ciety, and  give  your  reasons  for  thus  classifying  them. 

Make  a  study  of  the  weak  points,  and  tell  how  you 
think  they  can  be  strengthened. 

Make  a  study  of  the  work  of  the  various  offices  and 
committees  and  suggest  improved  methods. 

Study  your  own  relation  to  the  society.  Are  you 
filling  the  office  for  which  you  are  best  fitted?  Are  you 
working  up  to  your  full  capacity  ?  Are  you  satisfied  with 
the  service  you  are  giving  ? 

BIBLE   LESSON 
The  Policy  of  the  Early  Church, 
Extension,  Acts  ii.  41,  v.  14,  vi.  7. 
Education,  Acts  ii.  42,  v.  42,  vi.  4. 
Finance,  Acts  ii.  44-45,  iv.  32-35. 
Prayer,  Acts  i.  14,  ii.  42,  iv.  31. 


CHAPTER   IV 


iOLU 


u 


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? 


DRILLING   THE    KING'S   ARMY 


OUTLINE    OF   CHAPTER   IV 

Aim  :  To  show  that  in  all  effort  for  missions,  education 
is  the  essential  foundation  upon  which  is  built  Christian 
character  that  expresses  itself  in  prayer,  gifts  and  service. 

I.     Department  of  Education. 
Officers. 

Qualifications,  equipment,  spirit,  program. 

II.     Plan  of  Education. 

1.  The  Program  Meeting. 

(1)  Organization  of  committee. 

(2)  Study  of  background. 

(3)  Selection  of  aims. 

(4)  Selection  of  subjects. 

(5)  Selection  of  topics. 

(6)  Selection  of  those  who  are  to  take  part. 

(7)  Securing  an  audience. 

(8)  Presenting  the  program. 

(9)  The  meeting  in  detail. 
(10)  Conserving  the  results. 

The  Program,  a  Menu. 

2.  The  Mission  Study  Class. 

(1)  The  lecture  class. 

(2)  The  large  study  class. 

(3)  The  small  group  class. 

3.  The  Reading  Circle. 

4.  The  Home  Department. 

III.     Accessory  Agencies. 

1.  Annual  Reports  of  Mission  Boards. 

2.  Missionary  Magazines. 

3.  Leaflets. 

4.  The  Library. 


CHAPTER   IV 

DRILLING    THE    KING'S    ARMY 

The  genuine  and  lasting  support  of  the  mis-  Knowledge  a 
sionary  enterprise  must  come  through  a  deep-  Necessary 
rooted  knowledge  of  its  need,  of  its  purpose  and  °""^**^o°- 
of  the  results  that  it  actually  accomplishes. 
Spasmodic  enthusiasm  and  temporary,  emotional 
interest  do  not  lay  permanent  foundations  nor 
build  enduring  structures.  We  have  no  better 
word,  in  all  that  it  implies,  than  Bishop  Doane's 
familiar  one:  ^'Know,  and  you  will  feel;  know 
and  you  will  pray;  know  and  you  will  help,"  for 
knowledge  that  becomes  a  permanent  possession 
in  the  life  establishes  there  clear  and  strong  con- 
victions, deepens  faith,  inspires  prayer  and 
makes  it  definite,  develops  latent  powers  and 
directs  them  into  channels  of  efficient  and  far- 
reaching  service. 

In  so  far  as  these  results  among  the  women  of  The  Depart- 
the     church     are    within     the    province    of     the  mentofEdu- 
Woman's  Missionary  Society  they  must  be  accom-   *^^*^°^  *^ 
plished   by  its   Department   of   Education.      The 
Extension   Department    seeks     to    draw     all     the 
women  within  the   influence  of  the  society,  the. 
Educational  Department  must  hold  them.      If  the 
Extension   Department   is  the  hand,    the  Educa- 
tional Department  is  the  brain,  as  the  Devotional 
Department  is  the  soul  of  the  society. 


136 


The  King's  Business 


The  Neces- 
sary Officers. 


Qualifica- 
tions. 


There  was  a  time,  when,  in  many  societies, 
the  Secretary  of  Literature  was  held  responsible 
for  much,  if  not  all,  of  the  educational  effort.  It 
was  a  long  step  in  advance  when  we  decided  that 
this  office  demanded  our  very  best  material  and 
our  constant  and  sympathetic  support.  Now 
our  vision  and  our  opportunity  have  so  enlarged 
that  one  officer  cannot  compass  all  that  their 
boundaries  include  and  the  Secretary  of  Litera- 
ture has  been  reinforced  by  the  Secretary  of  Mis- 
sion Study,  the  Librarian,  the  Chairman  of  the 
Program  Committee  and  yet  others.  Whatever 
their  number  and  the  character  of  their  duties, 
the  latter  should  be  clearly  outlined  and  defined. 
The  work  of  the  department  should  be  so  closely 
knit  that  none  of  its  details  will  be  overlooked 
and  that  it  may  be  built  up  into  a  complete,  com- 
pact scheme  of  activities  that  is  adequate,  com- 
prehensive and  altogether  worthy  of  its  position 
of  influence  and  dignity  in  the  life  of  the  society 
and  of  the  church  of  which  it  is  a  part. 

1.  Qualifications .  The  qualifications  for  this 
work  of  missionary  education  have  often  been 
emphasized.  When  one  considers  their  basic 
character  in  relation  to  all  forms  of  missionary 
activity,  it  is  doubtful  if  they  can  be  over- 
estimated. A  conviction  of  the  supreme  need, 
a  vital  faith  in  God's  ability  and  willingness  to 
meet  that  need,  and  unremitting  and  arduous 
prayer  that  He  will  fashion  the  means  used  toward 
His  own  great  ends — these  qualities  we  must  seek 


Drilling  the  King's  Army  137 

first  for  all  positions  of  leadership  if  the  domi- 
nant spiritual  tone  is  to  be  maintained.  After 
these,  perhaps  the  most  essential  here  are  recep- 
tivity, adaptability,  thoroughness  and  patience. 

The  officers  who  make  up  the  Department  of 
Education  must,  more  than  any  others,  be  able  to 
feel  the  sweep  of  the  missionary  enterprise,  the 
grip  of  world  forces.  They  must  themselves  be 
receptive  to  large  visions,  if  they  are  to  develop 
the  world-consciousness  in  others.  They  must 
be  receptive  to  knowledge.  They  must  welcome, 
seek  and  adapt  experience  and  suggestions  from 
every  source,  and  they  must  have  the  ability  for 
hard  work  which  is  thoroughness  and  patience 
in  action. 

2.  Equipment,  Perhaps  no  department  of  Equipment  of 
missionary  effort  is  better  supplied  with  compe-  Officers, 
tent  suggestion  and  instruction  than  that  dealing 
with  education  in  all  its  phases.  The  subject  of 
mission  study  under  the  direction  of  both  the 
general  Boards  and  the  Women's  Boards  has 
developed  a  science  in  whose  breadth  and  accu- 
racy we  all  rejoice.  Leaflet  helps,  published  by 
the  Boards  for  Secretaries  of  Literature,  are 
numerous  and  admirable.  In  addition,  both  pam- 
phlets and  magazines  abound  in  program  outlines 
on  the  current  text-books,  and  on  various  lines  of 
study  recommended  by  individual  Boards.  Here, 
as  elsewhere,  the  value  of  all  the  material  offered 
would  be  largely  increased  by  a  compilation  along 
specific    lines;   if,    for    instance,    the    Women's 


138  The  King's  Business 


Boards  could  furnish  Secretaries  of  Literature 
and  program  makers  with  uniform,  authoritative 
and  complete  manuals  such  as  they  all,  through 
the  good  offices  of  the  Missionary  Education 
Movement,  are  enabled  to  supply  on  the  subject 
of  mission  study.  The  indispensable  "How  to 
Use  the  Text-book"  would  then  become  the  latest 
chapter  in  a  graded  serial  to  which  these  manuals 
would  be  the  introduction. 

3.  Spirit,  Our  chief  concern,  the  point  on 
which  stress  must  be  laid  in  definite  training  for 
this  department,  is  that  officers  shall,  with 
patience  and  insight,  make  this  wealth  of  material 
their  own,  as  they  adapt  it  to  the  policy  of  their 
society;  that  they  learn  to  clothe  it  with  their 
own  personality  without  loss  of  force  or  practical 
value. 

4.  Progra?n,  Where  all  the  educational  effort 
of  the  woman's  society  is  co-ordinated  in  one 
department,  each  of  the  officers  feels  that,  while 
as  an  integral  part  of  the  aim  of  the  department 
and  of  the  society  she  carries  her  specific  respon- 
sibility, they  all  work  together  as  a  unit  for  its 
realization.  The  program  of  work  of  the  De- 
partment of  Education  might  be  outlined  as 
follows: — 

Objective. 

{a)  To  present  to  the  women  and  children  of 
the  congregation  the  opportunity  for  an  increased 
knowledge  of  missions  that  will  aim  to  make 
them  study,  pray,  give,  and  work  more  largely. 


Drilling  the  King's  Army  139 

((5)  To  help  to  train  leaders  for  every  form  of 
service  in  the  Kingdom  of  God. 

Pi'eli7ninary  Survey. 

Catalogue  all  the  women  of  the  congregation  as 
attendants  or  non-attendants  at  the  monthly  mis- 
sionary meeting,  as  possible  members  or  leaders 
of  mission  study  classes,  and  of  reading  circles, 
as  members  of  the  Home  Department,  as  assist- 
ants, noting  every  variety  of  talent  that  might  be 
utilized  on  programs,  or  in  other  ways. 

Permanent  Program, 

Arrange  a  continuous,  comprehensive  program 
cf  education  that  by  an  adequate  and  compelling 
variety  of  inethods  will  seek  to  give  definite,  reg- 
ular, cumulative  information  to  all  who  come 
within  the  sphere  of  the  society's  responsibility. 

The  Educational  Department  must  then  seri-  Realizing  the 
ously  and  conscientiously  lay  its  plans  to  this  end.  Program, 
with  the  help  of  the  district  chairmen  or  such 
assistants  as  they  may  select.  Under  the  plan  out- 
lined in  the  last  chapter,  the  members  of  the  de- 
partment will  consist  of  the  Chairman  of  the 
Program  Committee,  the  Secretary  of  Mission 
Study,  the  Secretary  of  Literature,  the  Librarian, 
who  may  also  have  charge  of  the  Home  Depart- 
ment, unless  this  be  assigned  to  one  of  the  vice 
presidents,  and  the  member  representing  the  young 
women's  society,  the  latter  being  responsible  for 
all  work  within  the  bounds  of  her  society,  and 
for  drafting  as  many  helpers  from  its  ranks  as  she 
may  require. 


140  The  King's  Business 

Problem  to  be        The  problem  of  tke  department  is  twofold.     It 
^**'  must  maintain  and  develop  the  interest   of  those 

already  intelligent  in  regard  to  the  claims  of  mis- 
sions, and  must  win  the  unreached  majority  who 
are  indifferent  or  hostile ;  while  from  both  ranks 
it  must  recruit  the  trained  and  consecrated  leader- 
ship, for  which  there  is  an  increasing  demand 
both  at  home  and  abroad. 
Methods  to  It  is  evident  that  for  the  effectual  attainment  of 

be  Used.  these  ends  the  agencies  at  present  in  use  in  the 

average  society  must  be  largely  reinforced  both  in 
quantity  and  in  quality.  Attention  must  be 
arrested  and  held,  while  permanent  and  increas- 
ingly powerful  convictions  are  established.  This 
must  be  done  by  thoughtful  and  prayerful  adapta- 
tion of  special  methods  to  individual  types  of 
character  and  circumstances,  with  an  infinite  pa- 
tience, courage,  good  humor,  and  tact  that  is 
willing  to  spend  itself  unstintedly  and  to  leave 
results  to  the  Spirit  of  God. 
Study  of  the  This  is  possible  only  with  an  intimate  knowl- 
^i^l<^*  edge  of  all  the  conditions  to  be  met.     By  the  same 

careful  survey  as  in  the  Extension  Department, 
the  Executive  Committee  must  for  this  division  of 
the  King's  army,  study  the  field  and  the  forces, 
plan  the  scale  of  its  operations,  commission  officers 
for  sub- divisions,  and  measure  the  strength  and 
loyalty  of  the  rank  and  file.  The  prevailing  sen- 
timent regarding  missions  in  the  church  and  in 
the  community,  the  basis  of  interest  and  intelli- 
gence that  can  be  relied  upon  for  support,  the 


HOW  PROTESTANT  WOMEN  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

AND  CANADA  MEET  THE  OPPORTUNITY 

FOR  WORLD  EVANGELIZATION 


12,000,000  Women 
Churcli  Members 


2,000,000  Women 

Contributing  to  Foreign 

Missions 


$4,000,000 


Present  Annual  Contribution 


$20,000,000 


Present  Annual  Requirement 
for  ^Voman's  ^^ork 


THE   GENEALOGY   OF   A   MISSION   STUDY   CLASS 
FIVE  GENERATIONS  IN  ONE  YEAR 


I 


•    • 


•      •       •   9    • 


#  ■  @  «      •      ■ 


-n 


Jb.  A 


•   4 


EXPLANATION  OF  SIGNS 


Mission  Study  Classes 
Junior  Mission  Study  Classes 
Lecture  Courses  on  Missions 


New  ^^oInen'  s  Societies  Organized 
New  Junior  Societies  Organized 
Missionary  Reading  Circle 


Aft 


Drilling  the  King's  Army  141 

successes  and  failures  of  past  years  must  all  be 
weighed  in  their  influence  on  present  plans.  The 
women  of  the  congregation  must  be  studied  with 
the  record  cards  of  the  society,  and,  with  the  help- 
ful personal  experience  of  the  Extension  Depart- 
ment, they  must  be  grouped  in  certain  definite 
classes,  according  to  their  characteristics,  senti- 
ments and  knowledge  of  missions.  They  should 
be  classed  also  as  to  their  ability  and  influence  if 
enlisted  to  active  service,  and  the  specific  methods 
which  will  be  most  likely  to  win  them.  Often 
unlooked-for  support  may  be  discovered  and 
utilized  in  the  w^ay  of  personal  interest  in  special 
missionaries,  fields  or  lines  of  effort,  while  preju- 
dices may  be  overcome  by  individual  treatment 
and  converted  into  championship.  The  prelim- 
inary work  of  the  department  is  not  complete 
until  a  plan  has  been  outlined,  both  extensive  and 
intensive  enough  to  bring  to  bear  upon  every 
woman  within  the  influence  of  the  church  and 
congregation,  and  upon  the  young  people  and 
children  in  so  far  as  the  woman's  society  is  re- 
sponsible for  them,  the  strongest  possible  form  of 
missionary  education.  The  policy  of  the  society 
for  the  year  must  be  considered,  the  number  and 
character  of  meetings  it  has  planned  to  hold,  the 
number  and  enrollment  of  mission  study  classes, 
and  reading  circles  and  its  definite  purpose  along 
all  educational  lines.  A  complete  program  must 
then  be  planned  that  will  embrace  and  actually 
accomplish  the  entire  policy,  and  also  the  part  the 


142 


The  King's  Business 


Plan  of  Edu- 
cation. 


Tlie  Program 
Meeting. 


missionary  society  should  bear  in  the  plans  of  the 
church  Missionary  Committee. 

The  complete  plan  of  education  of  the  woman's 
society  must  provide  for  the  women  who  are 
willing  to  be  real  students  of  missions,  the  women 
who  will  undertake  a  moderate  amount  of  study, 
and  the  women  who  w411  not  study  at  all,  to  whom 
the  information  must  be  given  in  some  other  way 
that  they  will  accept.  It  may  include  (1)  The 
Program  Meeting ;  (2)  The  Mission  Study  Class  ; 
(3)  The  Reading  Circle  ;  (4)  The  Home  Depart- 
ment. 

1.  The  Program  Meeting.  The  regular  meet- 
ing of  the  society,  usually  held  monthly,  is  its 
greatest  opportunity,  because  most  inclusive.  It 
represents  a  democracy  where  all  of  the  w^omen 
of  the  church  meet  on  the  same  footing,  for  there 
is  no  grade  of  interest  or  intelligence  that  may  not 
be  reached  within  the  range  of  a  year's  meetings, 
if  properly  planned.  It  can  and  should  outrank 
every  other  gathering  of  the  month  in  its  territory, 
in  spiritual  and  intellectual  stimulus  and  in  real 
enjoyment.  Every  missionary  meeting  held  has 
either  a  positive  or  a  negative  value — it  does  either 
good  or  harm  as  it  adds  to  the  cumulative  influ- 
ence for  or  against  the  cause  of  missions  in 
moulding  opinion  and  determining  action.  An 
opportunity  of  great  moment  may  be  trifled  away 
in  a  commonplace  or  dull  program,  or  it  may  be 
made  a  spiritual  and  educational  force  of  increas- 
ing power  in  the  community.     When  we  realize 


Drilling  the  King's  Army  143 

that  it  usually  forms  the  only  means  the  missionary 
society  has  of  reaching  the  majority  of  the  women 
of  the  church  with  any  kind  of  missionary  instruc- 
tion and  winning  them  for  something  deeper  and 
more  lasting,  that  at  best  it  represents  but  twelve 
and  in  many  societies  but  ten  distinct  opportunities 
in  a  year,  it  seems  a  responsibility  too  great  to  be 
lightly  assumed  or  discharged.  The  members  of 
the  program  committee  should  either  be  convinced 
of  this  fact  in  the  beginning  or  be  capable  of  such 
conviction  after  study  of  the  duties  and  outlook  of 
their  office.  Six  months  before  their  time  of 
active  service  is  to  be§fin  is  none  too  early  for 
the  appointment  of  this  committee,  its  tenure 
thus  covcrin§f  a  year  and  a  half,  including^  the 
time  of  study  and  preparation* 

(1)  Organization    of    Program     Committee.    The  Program 
After    it    has    organized,   chosen    its    officers    and   Committee: 
effected  a  division  of  responsibility  that  overlooks     *s  ^''i^amza- 
no  detail,  the  committee's  first  effort  may  well  be 

the  acquiring  by  prayer  and  counsel  together  of 
a  common  perspective,  sympathy  and  loyalty. 
Its  activities  may  thus  begin  : — 

(2)  A  Study  of  the  Background,     This  must   Study  of 
include  («)  a  survey  of  the  field  and  of  the  women  Background, 
of    the    church  with    a  view  to    meeting    specific 

needs  through  the  programs  and  of  enlisting  help 
in  carrying  them  out;  (<5)  a  study  of  methods 
successfully  used  throughout  the  denomination  and 
by  other  societies  in  the  same  town  with  environ- 
ment   similar  to  their  own ;     (c)    a  study  of   the 


144  The  King's  Business 

present  year's  programs,  prepared  to  avoid  mis- 
takes and  build  on  successes,  thus  projecting  the 
force  of  one's  year's  effort  into  the  next.  As  the 
committee  thus  studies,  its  own  plan  and  purpose 
will  be  shaped  and  clarified  and  its  aims  evolved 
so  that  before  their  tenure  of  office  opens,  its 
members  will  know  definitely  what  they  hope  to 
accomplish  and  how. 

Selection  of  (3)    Selection    of  Aims,      {a)    General    Aim. 

Aims.  'pj-^g    committee  will    do   well    to    select  a  major 

aim  for  a  year,  or  a  portion  of  it,  and  without 
undue  sameness  in  the  meetings  or  by  any  means 
confining  itself  to  one  line  of  effort,  to  let  every 
program  contribute  in  some  way  to  this  end.  For 
instance  a  society  may  decide  to  build  up  and 
develop  its  own  membership,  either  individually 
or  along  specific  lines.  While  the  spiritual  atmos- 
phere should  pervade  every  missionary  meeting, 
it  may  one  year  throw  its  whole  emphasis  to  the 
spiritual  interpretation  of  eveiy  subject  considered ; 
another  year  to  a  broad  and  intellectual  treatment 
that  will  train  its  members  to  think  for  themselves 
regarding  matters  of  missionary  policy ;  another 
to  an  appeal  that  will  incite  to  more  generous  giv- 
ing. Another  year  it  may  give  its  largest  efforts 
to  a  presentation  that  will  influence  the  women 
outside  its  ranks  who  are  indifferent  and  antago- 
nistic. A  miscellaneous  line  of  topics  is.  not 
necessary  to  such  a  scheme  as  this,  for  any  chap- 
ter in  any  text-book,  if  properly  developed  and 
interpreted,  offers  a  wide  enough  range  of  treat- 


Drilling  the  King's  Army  145 

ment  to  appeal  to  all  the  elements  found  in  any 
local  society.  If  we  try  to  reach  them  all  in  one 
meeting"^  the  shot  is  likely  to  scatter  so  that  no 
one  will  be  hit. 

(<5)  Aims  for  each  meeting.  After  a  committee 
has  decided  upon  its  aims  for  the  year,  it  may 
select  the  aims  for  each  program,  building  them 
up  into  the  larger  aim.  To  this  it  must  strictly 
adhere — that  each  meeting  shall  focus  on  one 
vital  point  to  which  every  detail  of  it  shall  make 
a  positive  contribution,  and  that  constant  thought 
and  prayer  shall  be  given  to  the  adjustment  of 
material  with  this  end  in  view. 

(4)  Selection  of  subjects  ^materia  I  and  fnanne7'  Selection  of 
of  treat?nent.  In  the  selection  of  subjects  for  the  Subjects,  Ma- 
meetings,  the  world  is  at  our  feet  and  the  only  ^'"^^  ^° 
embarrassment  is  what  and  where  to  choose.  The 
limited  number  of  our  meetings,  however,  debars 
us  from  purely  cultural,  entertaining,  or  amusing 
subjects,  even  though  they  arouse  deep  interest 
and  have  sufficient  indirect  bearing  on  missions  to 
gain  an  entrance.  Neither  can  we  afford  to  spend 
time  on  unimportant  phases  of  large  subjects,  unless 
by  furnishing  background  and  detail  they  give  a 
clearer  understanding  of  a  whole.  The  literature 
of  missions  abounds  in  suggestions  as  do  the  daily 
press  and  current  history.  Every  Mission  Board 
provides  its  own  list  each  year  while  magazines 
and  leaflets  supplement  them.  The  choice  of 
subjects  presents  fewer  difficulties  than  fitting  the 
material  and  mode  of  presentation  to  the  aim  or 


146  The  King's  Business 

real  object  of  the  meeting.     It  is  presupposed  that 
for  at  least  six  months  of  the  year  the  study  will 
deal  with  the  current  text-book.     Even  where  the 
text-book  is  taken  up  in  mission  study  classes,  the 
regular  meetings  should  follow  the  same  lines  that 
the  interest  of  the  society  may  be  concentrated  and 
intensive.     The  wider  knowledge  of  the  members 
of  the  study  classes  will  be  available  for  informal 
discussions,    or    for   emergencies    in    the    regular 
meetings,  and  there  will  be  a  stronger  incentive 
to  every  member  of  the  society  to  own  and  read 
the   text-book.     It   has   become    a    common    and 
necessary  feature  of   the  preparation  of  the  pro- 
gram committee  for  them  to  form  a  preliminary 
study  class  with  the  prospective  leaders  for  the  six 
meetings,  where  they  thoroughly  discuss  together 
and  master  the  contents  of  the  text-book.     They 
must  analyze  each  chapter  and  fit  it  to  their  aim, 
omitting   or    inserting    details    where    necessary. 
They  must  decide  on  the  special  manner  of  treat- 
ment for  each  meeting ;   they  must  choose  topics 
for  talks  or  papers,  outlining  carefully  the  points 
they   wish    emphasized,    giving    time    limit    and 
designating  the  reference  books  where  help  may 
be  found.     The  Protestant  Episcopal  Board  pub- 
lishes an  admirable  blank  for  such  use,  similar  to 
the  one  introduced  by  Dr.  T.  H.  P.  Sailer,  Secre- 
tary of  the  Presbyterian  Department  of  Mission- 
ary Education. 
Selection  of  (5)    Selection  of  Topics,     The  committee  must 

Topics.  select  vital  topics  for  investigation  and  discussion. 


Drilling  the  King's  Army  147 

As  to  impression  :  (a)  Tliey  should  kindle  inter- 
est and  definitely  attract,  (d)  They  should  estab- 
lish a  point  of  contact  with  average  normal  life 
and  experience,  [c)  They  should  lead  out  from 
the  known  to  the  unknown,  stimulating  the  imagi- 
nation and  widening  the  viewpoint.  (d)  They 
should  help  to  establish  missions  as  an  organic 
interest  in  the  life  of  every  Christian,  inciting  con- 
stantly to  fresh  prayer,  gifts  and  service.  As  to 
content :  (e)  They  should  be  restricted  for  inten- 
sive impression,  but  never  narrow,  broad  but  not 
shallow  or  vague.  The  whole  program  ,  must 
keep  the  world-view  and  the  sweep  of  world 
movements.  (J~)  They  must  be  limited  in  quan- 
tity to  avoid  the  common  fault  of  overloading  and 
consequent  confusion  of  impression.  (^)  They 
should  be  planned  to  interest  and  help  certain 
types  actually  existent  in  the  church.  An  argu- 
mentative program  designed  to  convince  unbe- 
lievers should  not  be  presented  to  a  group  of 
women  already  actively  enlisted,  nor  outsiders 
invited  to  a  meeting  planned  for  the  instruction  of 
inembers  and  so  full  of  technical  references  as  to  be 
unintelligible,  (/i)  The  topics  should  have  a  con- 
sistent unity,  and  should  all  lead  up  to  the  selected 
aim  which  should  be  embodied  in  some  way  in  the 
closing  and  permanent  impression.  (/)  Telling 
captions  should  be  selected  which,  while  they  hold 
out  no  promise  they  cannot  make  good,  stimulate 
and  attract.  Many  a  meeting  has  been  lost  or  won 
by  the  titles  under  which  it  w^as  announced. 


148 


The  King's  Business 


Selection  of 
Those  Who 
are  to  Take 
Part. 


Securing  an 
Audience. 


(6)  Selection  of  those  who  are  to  take  part. 
Here  may  be  utilized  the  intimate  acquaintance 
with  the  constituency  that  has  grown  out  of  the 
field  study  of  the  committee.  A  list  will  be  on 
hand  of  the  peculiar  variety  of  talent  each  woman 
is  fitted  to  contribute.  Other  things  being  equal, 
the  most  successful  meeting  is  that  in  which  the 
largest  number  takes  part,  so  that  by  systematic 
planning  in  the  course  of  the  year,  the  majority  of 
the  women  of  the  congregation  may  be  drafted  for 
some  form  of  service.  Much  may  be  dared  in 
using  those  v^hose  contribution  will  be  of  real 
value,  insisting  always  on  the  one  point  that  all 
who  take  part  do  so  with  sympathy  and  loyalty  to 
the  purpose  of  the  meeting  and  without  hurried  or 
careless  preparation. 

(7)  Securing-  an  Audience,  A  dignified  and 
adequate  form  of  publicity  is  due  the  importance 
of  the  subject  and  the  carefully  laid  plans  of  the 
committee,  neither  of  which  avail  if  the  audience 
be  lacking.  («)  The  announcements  from  the 
pulpit  and  in  the  church  bulletin  should  be  as  care- 
fully worded  to  challenge  interest  as  the  topics. 
"  The  Woman's  Missionary  Society  will  meet  in 
the  chapel  on  Thursday  at  three  p.  m.,  all  ladies 
invited,"  is  not  sufficient.  (3)  Bulletin  Boards 
could  be  more  widely  used  ;  simple  and  charming 
posters  may  be  prepared  using  illustrations  from 
both  secular  and  religious  magazines.  One 
woman's  magazine  describes  such  a  poster  each 
month,      (c)   The  printed  year  book  fails  to  repay 


Drilling  the  King's  Army  149 

the  outlay  only  where  the  outline  is  so  meager  that 
it  is  a  mere  announcement  and  holds  no  promise 
for  the  uninterested.  Some  Boards  furnish  pretty 
skeleton  programs  to  be  filled  in  with  pen.  Artistic 
home-made  programs  may  be  compassed  with  type- 
writer and  a  little  handwork  and  have  a  unique 
charm.  (^)  With  the  attractive  foreign  picture 
post  card,  the  ubiquitous  telephone  and  the  watch- 
fulness of  the  district  leaders  no  one  need  be  over- 
looked in  the  more  general  invitation,  (e)  While 
by  far  the  most  effective  method  is  the  personal 
word,  cordially  spoken  in  an  unofficial  capacity, 
not  with  the  dogged  loyalty  that  is  pathetic,  or  the 
wistful,  questioning  eagerness  that  Is  in  itself  an 
apology,  both  of  which  should  be  unnecessary  in 
these  days  when  "missions"  has  really  come  into  its 
own.  Our  premise  must  be  that  those  who  do  not 
share  our  interest  are  decidedly  the  losers,  but  the 
meeting  must,  w^ithout  question,  make  good  our 
assumption.  The  woman  who  goes  because  she 
wants  to  go  and  who  feels  repaid  is  the  one  who 
goes  again,  so  that  It  Is  the  meeting  itself  that 
ultimately  holds  her. 

(8)  Pt-esenthig  the  Program.  A  missionary  Presenting  tte 
program  has  absolutely  no  excuse  for  dullness.  It  Program, 
has  no  reason  for  being  a  counterpart  of  any  other 
ever  held.  Its  purpose  is  to  give  information,  but 
always  plus  inspiration.  And  inspiration  will 
come  only  from  what  the  audience  retains  as  a 
permanent  possession.  It  should  be  presented  so 
that  it  not  only  can  be,  but  must  be  remembered 


150  The  King's  Business 


It  must  be  concrete,  dramatic,  vivid,  appealing. 
It  may  be  presented  in  the  form  of  (a)  talks, 
clear,  concise,  full  of  life  and  vigor,  rigidly  observ- 
ing the  hmits  of  both  subject  and  time ;  papers 
only  where  they  can  be  given  with  the  same  vivac- 
ity and  if  they  will  better  promote  concentration  ; 
(<5)  conversations,  round  tables,  informal  discus- 
sions, carefully  arranged  beforehand  to  insure 
verve  and  completeness,  but  never  so  obviously  as 
to  preclude  questions  or  spontaneous  additions ; 
(c)  debates  on  subjects  really  debatable,  and 
where  care  is  taken  that  no  impression  is  left  un- 
favorable to  missions ;  (d)  dramatic  programs, 
impersonations  or  character  sketches  are  capable 
of  an  infinite  variety  of  adaptation,  can  be  success- 
fully given  \Sih.  few  accessories,  and  yield  results 
out  of  all  pr|]f)ortion  to  the  expenditure  of  brains, 
time  and  money.  They  must,  however,  be  care- 
fully w^orked  out  and  rehearsed  beforehand  to  in- 
sure success.  While  details  may  be  improvised  to 
secure  lifelikeness,  they  must  be  accurate  and  truth- 
ful in  the  main  facts  and  impression.  They  must 
be  given  with  dignity  and  never  simply  as  an  en- 
tertainment, but  to  visualize  the  life,  customs,  and 
need  of  other  lands  or  with  an  aim  equally  definite 
and  practical.  They  may  be  monologues,  brief 
dialogues,  or  longer  dramas.  Nearly  all  Boards  pub- 
lish a  variety.  Every  program  committee  should 
own  a  complete  file  of  "  How  to  Use,"  which  con- 
tains a  wealth  of  material  and  suggestions  that  with 
a  little  ingenuity  can  be  adapted  to  any  program. 


Drilling  the  King's  Army  151 

(9)  The  Meeting  in  Detail.     The  whole  secret  The  Meeting 
of  success  is  infinite  attention  to   detail,  no  contin-   ^^  Detail, 
gency    unforeseen,    no    responsibility   unassumed, 

thus  securing  what  one  has  named  as  essentials ; 
"  promptness,  certainty,  clearness  and  dispatch 
without  haste."  The  devotional  service,  a  vital — 
the  vital — part  of  the  meeting,  not  only  linking 
God's  message  through  His  Word  to  His  message 
through  His  world  but  carrying  throughout  the 
meeting  the  spirit  of  prayer,  both  spoken  and  voice- 
less ;  the  music  deepening  its  effect ;  the  business 
session  brief  and  pertinent ;  a  inissionary  atmos- 
phere secured  by  maps  and  charts,  which  are  essen- 
tial to  impress  through  the  eye  what  is  taught 
through  the  ear,  by  mottoes  that  emphasize  the 
keynote  by  furnishing  a  key  thought,  by  pictures 
and  curios,  sparingly  used  and  graphically  pre- 
sented so  that  they  make  vivid  rather  than  divert 
from  the  main  impression ;  the  social  element, 
flowers  and  cheerful  setting  inducing  warmth  and 
fellowship,  and  the  meeting  closing  w4th  the  unfail- 
ing promptness  with  which  it  began.  It  should  be 
so  carefully  planned  that,  naturally  and  without 
forcing,  it  will  round  out  to  the  climax  where 
the  leader  may  briefly  translate  the  whole  aim  of  the 
meeting  into  terms  of  life  values  and  send  the 
audience  home  with  the  clear-cut,  distinct  message 
the  committee  had  in  mind  in  arranging  it. 

(10)  Conserving  the  Results.  Immediately,  Conserving 
while  every  detail  is  fresh  in  memory,  the  program  tlie  Results, 
committee  should  analyze  the   meeting  together, 


152  The  King's  Business 

Studying  carefully  its  good  and  bad  points.  Was 
its  aim  realized  ?  If  not,  why  ?  Were  its  successes 
or  failures  the  outcome  of  their  plans?  How  can 
the  former  be  utilized  and  the  latter  retrieved? 
How  may  any  specific  interest  be  conserved  in  new 
members  for  study  classes,  subscribers  for  maga- 
zines, readers  of  missionary  books,  contributors  to 
the  society's  budget?  The  committee  should  be 
brave  enough  to  invite  kindly  and  competent  criti- 
cism from  outside  their  ranks.  It  would  be  helpful 
to  make  a  brief  card  recol'd  of  the  meeting,  attend- 
ance, program,  possible  improvements.  Every  pro- 
gram committee  should  frankly  face  the  question 
whether  tangible  results  are  following  its  efforts. 
No  matter  how  circumscribed  its  environment,  no 
matter  what  its  discouragements  in  the  way  of 
apathy  or  hostility,  if  it  is  not  gradually  widening 
its  circle  of  influence,  if  its  constituency  is  not 
growing  spiritually  and  intellectually,  if  its  work 
is  not  bearing  fruit  in  more  prayer,  larger  gifts  and 
practical  service,  the  fault  is  ultimately  its  own, 
and  it  should  enlarge  or  improve  its  methods. 
The  Program  ^  missionary  fneeting  is  not  an  end  in  itself 
a  Menu.  but  a  means  to  an  end,  and  that  end  is  real  growth 

in  its  constituency.  The  meeting  must  furnish  the 
elements  necessary  for  growth.  The  preparation 
of  a  program  is  like  the  housewife's  duty  of  pre- 
paring a  meal  for  her  family.  The  same  familiar 
ingredients  must  enter  into  it  over  and  over  again, 
but  in  new  combinations  and  with  new  sauces  and 
flavors.     A  recent  writer  on  dietetics  sums  up  the 


Drilling  the  King's  Army  163 

housewife's  problem  as  fourfold:  *^(1)  To  give 
the  three  great  food  principles  their  right  pro- 
portion. (2)  To  provide  them  in  the  cheapest 
and  easiest  form,  without  impairing  their  qual- 
ity. (3)  To  serve  them  in  well-cooked,  attractive 
and    palatable    dishes.      (4)  To    avoid  waste    by  , 

utilizing  every  scrap  of  material  to  the  utter- 
most." No  housekeeper  can  portion  out  her  A  Study  of 
food  daily  exactly  into  its  three  great  constituents,  "Pood  Values, 
but  with  even  an  elementary  knowledge  of  food 
values  she  tries  to  balance  them  so  as  to  keep 
the  proportion  fairly  even.  She  learns  that  we 
must  have  food  for  two  purposes:  We  need  the 
proteins  for  growth,  to  repair  waste  and  build 
new  tissue  and  we  need  other  materials  to  furnish 
the  warmth  which  is  life  itself,  energy  or  the 
will  and  power  to  do,  and  relishes  which  add 
zest  and  aid  digestion  of  the  basic  elements. 

Need  we  press  the  analogy.''  The  missionary  Missionary 
housewife  learns  that  in  serving  her  family  she  Food  Values, 
supplies  protein  through  information,  life  and 
energy,  or  power  to  will  and  to  do,  through  in- 
spiration, with  music,  social  features  and 
attractive  setting  as  relishes.  She  learns  that  if 
her  family  are  to  do  their  share  of  the  world's 
work,  they  must  have  regular  well-balanced  and 
nutritive  meals  and  that  indigestion  and  loss  of 
appetite  for  missions  often  come  from  neglect  of 
the  commonest  laws  of  dietetics. 

To     the     intelligent     housekeeper,     prepared  Composing  a 
menus  and  diet  lists  are  useful  only  as  they  sug-   Menu. 


154  The  King's  Business 

gest  general  principles  that  may  be  modified  to 
meet  individual  conditions  in  her  family.  One 
of  our  journals  of  household  economics  recently 
adopted  the  custom  of  giving,  instead  of  a  list 
of  prepared  meals  for  the  month,  such  a  state- 
ment of  general  principles,  and  for  each  day  a 
list  of  certain  dishes  with  the  food  elements  that 
compose  them,  allowing  the  housekeeper  to  select 
and  arrange  her  own  combinations.  She  thus 
becomes  a  chemist,  a  creator,  with  destinies  of 
life  and  health  and  happiness  in  her  hands,  and 
her  achievement  is  of  a  higher  order  than  if  she 
had  simply  followed  an  arbitrary  menu  prepared 
by  another. 
Composing  a  Such  an  effort  has  been  made   in  this  study  of 

Program.  the  elements  of   a   program   and   to  such    a  point 

must  the  skilled  program  maker  come.  Others 
may  suggest  outlines  and  estimate  varying  food 
values,  but  she  only  can  prepare  a  menu  having 
the  life-giving  elements  her  own  family  and  con- 
ditions demand. 
An  Auto-  Yet,  while  the   housewife  may   learn  by  study 

graph  Cook-  ^^^^  experience  how  best  to  meet  the  needs  of  her 
own  family  in  everyday  life,  for  more  formal 
luncheon  or  dinners  she  welcomes  a  book  of 
menus  for  special  occasions  prepared  by  those 
whose  outlook  is  wider  than  her  own.  For  such 
contingencies  in  the  experience  of  the  program 
maker,  the  programs  quoted  at  the  close  of  this 
chapter  provide.  The  housekeeper  will  attempt 
with  confidence  a  recipe  signed  by  a  friend  whose 


book. 


Drilling  the  King's  Army  155 

skill  she  knows.  The  missionary  housekeeper 
will  find  the  value  of  these  programs  enhanced  by 
the  fact  that  they  are  prepared  by  specialists 
whose  skill  in  the  subjects  with  which  they  deal 
is  assured. 

While  recognizing  and  emphasizing  the  im-  Tte  Program 
portance  of  the  j^rogram  meeting  in  the  economy  Meeting  In- 
of  the  Woman's  Missionary  Society,  the  leaders  ^"  ^"^^  * 
in  the  missionary  enterprise  are  now  agreed  that 
no  local  society  can  adequately  enlist  and  train 
its  membership  for  their  part  in  world-evangeli- 
zation through  one  meeting  a  month,  no  matter 
how  instructive  and  attractive  it  may  be  made. 
The  regular  meeting,  as  an  already  established 
feature  in  every  auxiliary,  is  its  most  extensive, 
but  should  not  be  its  most  intensive,  effort.  Its 
advantages  are:  (1)  It  is  possible  thus  to  reach 
every  woman  in  the  society's  circle  of  influence 
with  missionary  information.  (2)  It  may  present 
the  entire  mission  field  and  the  entire  scope  of 
the  missionary  enterprise.  (3)  It  offers  a  wide 
variety  of  treatment  and  attractive  presentation. 
(4)  It  affords  opportunity  for  study  to  those  who 
will  take  part  and  informal  instruction  to  those 
who  will  not.  (5)  It  awakens  interest  and  forms 
a  source  of  supply  for  mission  study  classes.  (6) 
It  unites  and  co-ordinates  the  mission  study 
classes  and  all  other  educational  activities  of  the 
society.  Its  disadvantages  are  (] )  lack  of  con- 
tinuity and  cumulative  impression  due  to  length 
of  time  between  meetings  and  change  of  leaders. 


156 


The  King's  Business 


The  Mission 
Study  Class. 


The  Lecture 
Class. 


(2)  Lack  of  thoroughness  because  of  fluctuating 
audience  and  the  fact  that  it  is  impossible  to  en- 
force general  study  and  preparation.  (3)  Lack 
of  assimilation  because  free  discussion  is  impos- 
sible by  reason  of  size  and  formality.  Ail  of 
these  disadvantages  are  overcome  by  the  mission 
study  class. 

2.  The  Mission  Study  Class.  When  vv^e 
speak  of  mission  study,  there  is  a  prevailing 
indefiniteness  as  to  what  the  term  implies.  To 
the  general  Boards  and  to  many  of  the  Women's 
Boards,  it  means  only  one  thing  and  that,  the 
group  class.  Some  auxiliaries  call  the  use  of  the 
text-book  in  program  meetings  a  mission  study 
class  and  so  report  it,  so  that  it  is  difficult  to 
gather  accurate  statistics.  As  a  cross  between 
these  and  partaking  of  the  characteristics  of  both, 
have  been  evolved  the  lecture  class  and  the  large 
study  class, — a  development  in  missionary  educa- 
tion peculiar  to  women's  organizations.  All 
forms  have  a  distinct  and  important  work  to  do, 
but  they  should  be  clearly  differentiated  and  a 
generally  accepted  classification  made  that  would 
be  understood  by  all. 

(1)  The  lecture  class  presents  a  text-book  at 
from  six  to  eight  consecutive  weekly  gatherings, 
sometimes  by  one  speaker,  usually  by  a  different 
speaker  for  each  meeting.  Its  advantages  are 
frequency  of  sessions,  partial  stability  of  audi- 
ence, concentration  and  previous  preparation,  as 
the  members  of  the  class  are  regularly  enrolled 


Drilling  the  King's  Army  157 

with  a  definite  purpose  and  provided  with  the 
text-book  and  with  outlines  for  taking  notes.  The 
subjects  are  treated  by  specialists  who  bring  the 
viewpoint  of  the  cultured  scholar  and  a  wealth 
of  material  not  usually  accessible.  There  is 
large  gain  in  compactness  and  completeness  of 
presentation.  This  method  is  of  value  especially 
with  two  classes:  women  who  will  not  attend  the 
regular  missionary  meetings,  and  students  of  mis- 
sions who  welcome  the  opportunity  for  intel- 
lectual treatment  and  advanced  study.  Another 
variation  of  the  lecture  class  is  the  extension 
lecture  where  the  book  is  presented  by  one 
speaker  on  six  successive  days.  There  is  still 
greater  gain  here  in  intensive  effect  from  close 
proximity  of  sessions  and  one  speaker's  complete 
mastery  and  condensed  development  of  the  entire 
subject,  but  a  loss  in  the  shorter  interval  between 
sessions  for  reflection  and  study. 

(2)  The  large  study  class,  enrolling  often  The  Large 
several  hundred  members,  is,  in  reality,  a  varia-  Study  Clasa. 
tion  of  the  program  meeting,  with  these  advan- 
tages: it  meets  weekly,  instead  of  monthy ;  it  is 
in  charge  of  one  leader;  it  requires  enrollment 
and  purchase  of  the  book,  regular  and  prompt 
attendance,  careful  study,  participation  when 
called  upon.  Assignments  for  study  and  col- 
lateral reading  are  made  at  each  meeting,  both  to 
the  class  and  to  individuals.  It  affords  a  moder- 
ate opportunity  for  self-expression  and  for  ques- 
tions and   discussion,  usually  not  possible  in  the 


168  The  King's  Business 

lecture  class.  There  is  a  class  atmosphere  not 
attainable  in  an  open  meeting  and  a  psychologi- 
cal development  of  interest  that  the  leader  may 
often  mould  and  direct  into  channels  of  larger 
usefulness.  Both  the  lecture  class  and  the  large 
study  class  offer  a  field  for  development  v^^ith  the 
normal  inission  study  class,  as  training  schools 
for  study  and  research  in  advance  of  that  ordinarily 
demanded  in  the  local  auxiliary.  They  w^ill  be 
further  considered  as  practical  interdenomina- 
tional w^ork. 
The  Group.  (3)  The  small  group  class  is  the  mission  study 

class  J>er  se  as  the  term  is  generally  accepted.  It 
is  the  only  method  of  mission  study  that  over- 
comes all  of  the  disadvantages  of  the  program 
meeting.  Of  the  advantages  named  for  other 
methods,  it  combines  consecutive  weekly  sessions 
w^ith  a  minimum  length  of  one  hour,  regular 
enrollment,  one  leader.  It  intensifies  the  require- 
ments for  prompt  and  regular  attendance,  concen- 
tration upon  one  aim,  definite  and  careful 
preparation  by  every  member  of  the  class.  It 
adds  the  advantages  of  a  small  membership,  from 
six  to  fifteen,  grouped  as  to  age,  training,  asso- 
ciation, degree  of  missionary  intelligence  and 
earnestness;  a  feeling  of  responsibility  in  atten- 
dance and  preparation  not  found  in  a  large 
class,  a  specific  and  discriminating  lesson  assign- 
ment adapted  to  individual  needs;  opportunity 
for  full  and  free  self-expression  and  for  discus- 
sion of  carefully  selected  problems  based  on  the 


Drilling  the  King's  Army  159 

* 

material  assigned;  active  participation  in  special 
assignments  and  collateral  reading  by  every 
member;  an  emphasis  on  Bible  study  and  prayer 
as  essential  accompaniments  of  the  study  of  mis- 
sions; a  training  for  beginners  in  public  prayer 
possible  in  a  small  and  sympathetic  group;  while 
no  other  method  furnishes  the  leader  so  great 
an  opportunity  for  the  direct  and  continued  per- 
sonal contact  by  which  information  may  be  trans-  " 
lated  into  enriched  spiritual  experience  and 
concrete  action. 

A  volume   of  testimony  bears   witness   to   the  What  tke 
unique  power  of  the  mission  study  class  to  over-   Mission 
come  misconceptions  and   objections   to  missions   ^*"*^y  L,lass 
and   replace   them  with   definite   knowledge   and 
established   convictions;  to   increase  and  vitalize 
prayer  and   Bible  study;  to    incite   to   permanent 
habits   of    study   and    thinking  along   missionary 
lines;  to  develop  powers  for  service;  to  stimulate 
to  sacrificial  living — in  short,  to  build   Christian 
character   in   its   highest  sense  and   thus  help   to 
bring  God's  kingdom  in  all  the  world. 

In   hundreds  of    churches  this   very  thing  has   Concrete 
happened.     And   since    it   is  generally  conceded  Proof 
that  the   imperative   needs  of  the  home  Church,        ^^  ^^^' 
upon    which    depends    also   the   solution   of    our 
gravest   problems   abroad,  are   this  deepening  of 
the  spiritual  life  and  the  development  of  a  trained 
leadership,   since  the  mission  study  class   is  the 
most  effective   means   yet   found   to   attain   these 
ends,  it  must  have  a  large  part  in  the  program  of 


160 


The  King's  Business 


The  Mission 
Study  Class 
in  the 
Woman's 
Society. 


education  of  any  church  or  society  that  attempts 
to  energize  its  latent  forces  and  direct  them  into 
channels  of  practical  service  for  Christ  and  His 
world. 

The  mission  study  class  is  a  possibility  in 
every  church.  Many  churches  should  have  more 
than  one.  In  each  church  there  should  be  an 
annual  campaign,  embracing  men's  and  women's 
organizations,  young  people's  societies,  chil- 
dren's bands  and  Sunday  Schools.  The  woman's 
society  must  be  ready  to  take  its  part  in  such  a 
campaign  conducted  by  the  church  Missionary 
Committee,  and  to  take  the  initiative  if  neces- 
sary or  to  conduct  classes  within  its  own  ranks. 
There  is  unquestioned  need  for  the  mission  study 
class  in  the  development  of  the  woman's  society. 
We  need  the  tonic  of  real  study  to  overcome 
apathy  and  indifference,  and  furnish  a  great  ob- 
jective for  purposeless  lives;  we  need  the  hand- 
to-hand  conflict  with  actual  conditions  and  prob- 
lems, to  guard  against  a  conception  of  missions, 
remote,  superficial,  or  sentimental,  to  inspire 
to  prayer  and  a  true  conception  of  the  steward- 
ship of  life  and  money;  and  we  greatly  need  to 
multiply  and  train  leaders  for  our  work  every- 
where. 

Many  of  the  Mission   Boards  have  recognized 
the  importance  of   the  mission  study  class   by  es- 
Study  Classes,  tablishing  Educational  Departments  or  appointing 
mission  study  secretaries.      The  literature  avail- 
able   is    complete    and    explicit.       The    uniform 


Helps  for 
Mission 


Drilling  the  King's  Army  161 

* 

''Mission  Study  Class  Manual"  by  Mr.  B.  C. 
Milliken,  to  be  secured  from  all  Boards,  contains 
full  directions  for  planning,  organizing  and  con- 
ducting the  class.  "The  Mission  Study  Class 
Leader"  (Dr.  T.  H.  P.  Sailer),  "Mission  Study 
Class  Method"  (Miss  Dorothea  Day)  and  "The 
Organization  of  Mission  Study"  (Mr.  J.  L. 
Murray)  are  especially  valuable.  The  first  two 
may  be  obtained  from  Mission  Boards  or  the 
Missionary  Education  Movement,  the  last  two 
from  the  Student  Volunteer  Movement,  which 
also  publishes  a  number  of  helpful  leaflets  on 
the  benefits  and  rewards  of  mission  study.  All 
Boards  publish  briefer  instructions,  enrollment 
cards  and  leaflets  for  general  distribution. 

One  foreign  mission  study  class  for  every  fifty  Some  Typical 
members  of  the  woman's  society  is  a  fair  and  Classes, 
possible  average.  One  church  reports  ten  classes, 
another  twelve.  Of  the  latter  the  record  says, 
"Twice  during  the  weeks  of  study  they  all  come 
together  to  compare  notes  and  results.  At  the 
close  of  the  time,  the  best  and  most  vitalizing 
part  of  the  work  that  has  been  done  is  selected 
by  a  committee  of  one  each  from  the  various 
classes,  and  a  program  is  presented  at  a  prayer 
meeting  or  Sunday  evening  service;  thereby 
attracting  others  to  join  the  next  class,  and  also 
furnishing  information  to  the  whole  church 
membership."  The  woman's  society  in  another 
church  is  now  in  its  eighth  year  of  mission 
study.     Its  record   is:  for  three  years,  one  class 


162  The  King's  Business 

each  year,  composed  of  the  program  committee 
and  the  leaders  of  the  regular  meetings  where  the 
text-book  was  to  be  used,  the  fourth  year  ten 
classes  for  women  and  two  for  young  women, 
fifth  year  five  for  women,  three  for  young  women, 
and  for  the  last  three  years  eight  each  year  for 
women,  six  for  young  women.  The  work  is 
now  thoroughly  systematized.  The  city  is 
divided  into  four  districts.  The  last  week  in 
September  a  missionary  thimble  party  is  held  in 
each  district,  the  invitations  going  in  the  name 
of  the  hostess  to  all  the  women  of  the  church  and 
outsiders  whose  interest  is  enlisted.  At  the  close 
of  a  social  afternoon,  announcement  is  made  of 
the  opening  of  the  mission  study  classes  the  next 
week  and  enrollment  cards  are  passed.  There 
is  a  short  talk  on  the  benefits  of  mission  study 
and  attractive  leaflets  for  those  to  whom  it  is  new. 
No  effort  is  made  to  minimize  the  work  involved, 
but  its  rewards  are  emphasized.  Little  expla- 
nation or  advocacy  is  required.  Women  now  take 
the  class  into  account  in  making  plans  for  the 
fall,  reserve  the  time  for  it  without  question  and 
would  not  willingly  forego  it.  The  sessions  are 
held  morning,  afternoon  or  evening  as  best  suits 
the  members  for  six  weeks  in  the  fall  following  the 
thimble  party.  This  society  being  organized  for 
both  home  and  foreign  missions,  the  home  mission 
study  classes  begin  work  the  first  week  in  February. 
Such  testimonials  might  be  multiplied  many 
times.     Again  and  again  it  has  been  demonstrated 


Drilling  the  King's  Army  163 

that  ill  the  most  doubtful  ai^xiharies  it  is  possible 
to  organize  a  class,  to  find  a  leader,  to  persuade 
women  to  study.  But  it  must  be  planned  and 
carried  out  with  the  same  patience  and  system  that 
spell  success  in  other  lines  of  work. 

8.  The  Reading  Circle,  The  most  careful  TKe  Reading 
and  persistent  canvass  for  the  mission  study  classes  Circle. 
will  probably  leave  a  number  of  women  unable  or 
unwilling  to  join,  for  whom  provision  must  be 
made.  They  may  at  once  be  grouped  in  each  dis- 
trict in  neighborhood  reading  circles,  where  they 
will  meet  once  a  week  with  their  sewing,  to  read 
aloud  and  discuss  informally  the  text-book  and 
collateral  reference  books,  led  perhaps,  by  some 
member  of  the  study  class,  w^ho  can  share  its  help- 
fulness with  them,  and  thus  intensify  her  own  im- 
pression by  practical  expression.  If  skillfully 
conducted,  these  circles  may  be  made  strong  re- 
cruiting ground  for  the  study  classes.  Often  the 
gathering  maybe  continued  throughout  the  winter, 
books  of  general  interest  following  the  text-book. 
Women  still  unreached  must  be  persuaded  to  read 
the  text-book  at  home.  The  aim  of  the  policy 
that  every  woman  in  the  church  shall  own  and 
either  read  or  study  the  current  text-book,  is  pos- 
sible in  every  society  by  a  thorough  canvass 
through  the  district  leaders.  The  Northern  Bap- 
tist Forward  Movement  has  been  remarkably  suc- 
cessful with  this  triplex  plan  of  a  simultaneous 
use  of  a  text-book. in  mission  study  class,  reading 
circle  and  program  meeting. 


164 


The  King's  Business 


sionary 
Reading 


General  Mis-  The  intensive  consideration  of  one  subject 
should,  if  rightly  directed,  not  narrow,  but  deepen 
interest  in  the  whole  range  of  missions,  and  the 
woman  who  is  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church 
should  come  to  feel  that  it  is  both  her  right  and 
her  necessity  to  know  of  the  progress  of  that 
Church  throughout  the  world.  Every  woman 
should,  in  the  course  of  a  year,  read  at  least  three 
missionary  books  in  addition  to  the  text-book.  One 
history  or  description,  one  biography,  one  fiction, 
is  moderate,  and  the  librarian  can  afford  to  have 
no  lower  aim.  The  only  way  of  realizing  it  is  by 
careful  canvass  in  the  mission  study  classes,  the 
reading  circles  and  throughout  the  districts,  a 
printed  enrollment  card  being  of  great  assistance. 
Several  Boards  conduct  reading  courses  where  a 
certificate  is  given  for  completing  a  two,  three  or 
four  years'  prescribed  list.  But  any  librarian  can 
easily  classify  her  own  library  along  similar  lines. 
Tke  Home  4*    "^'^^  Home   Department.     A  society  thor- 

Department.  oughly  organized  and  actively  at  work  has  less 
need  each  year  of  a  Home  Department  which,  as 
the  name  implies,  provides  for  women  who  cannot 
or  will  not  attend  the  regular  meetings,  and  the 
latter  class  must  be  constantly  decreased. 

Called  by  varying  names  in  different  denomina- 
tions, it  is  in  all  modeled  upon  the  lines  of  the 
Home  Department  of  the  Sunday  School.  Its 
appeal  is  to  invalids,  country  members,  business 
women,  mothers  of  little  children  and  all  non- 
attendants,  who  will  agree  to  spend  a  definite  time 


Drilling  the  King's  Army  165 

each  week  in  missionary  reading  and  prayer. 
Regular  visitors,  at  stated  intervals,  leave  litera- 
ture, mite  boxes  or  envelopes  for  contributions, 
which  are  always  voluntary,  and  take  subscrip- 
tions for  magazines.  The  Presbyterian  Board  of 
the  Northwest  issues  regularly  a  most  attractive 
packet  of  leaflets  for  this  purpose.  The  Lutheran 
Board  (General  Synod)  prepares  a  booklet  of 
weekly  readings.  The  members  of  the  Depart- 
ment are  members  of  the  society,  the  Canadian 
Methodist  Board  distinguishing  them  as  "  Asso- 
ciate Helpers."  It  has  been  found  that,  far  from 
dupHcating  the  Home  Department  of  the  Sabbath 
School,  it  is  most  successful  in  conjunction  with 
it.  Its  members,  having  already  a  weekly  lesson, 
willingly  add  the  missionary  reading,  and  are 
often  moved  to  deeper  faith  by  the  dual  message. 
The  field  of  the  Home  Department  is  among  those 
strictly  debarred  from  active  service.  Used  with 
the  uninterested,  it  should  be  made  a  stepping 
stone  to  active  service,  not  a  substitute  for  it.  Its 
members  must  tactfully  be  made  to  feel  that  ob- 
stacles ^vhich  do  not  prevent  them  from  attending 
club  meetings  and  social  functions  are  not  insu- 
perable barriers  to  the  missionary  meetings.  Thus 
developed,  the  Home  Department  is  an  additional 
method,  and  by  some  has  been  found  a  powerful 
one,  of  bringing  brightness  into  clouded  lives  and 
a  new  meaning  into  empty  and  purposeless  ones. 
A  local  society  may,  in  the  course  of  the  year, 
touch   every  woman  for  whom   it   is  responsible 


166  The  King's  Business 

by  the  program  of  education  indicated.      But   its 
realization  depends  upon  a  host  of  accessory  agen- 
cies.   A  few  of  the  most  essential  are  named  below. 
Board  1.   Annual    Reports  of  Mission   Boards.      The 

Reports.  Annual    Reports,  both    of  the  general    Board   of 

its  denomination  and  of  its  Woman's  Board,  are 
to  many  a  local   society  a  vein  of  wealth   practi- 
cally untapped.      There  are   doubtless   thousands 
of   women,    active   auxiliary   workers   for   years, 
who  have  never  seen  a  copy  of  the  Annual  Report 
of    the   Woman's    Board   of   whose    achievement 
their  own  labor  is  an  organic  part.     Hidden  away 
in  its  pages,  accessible  often  to  a   few   hundred 
experts  alone,  is  a  story   that   might  be   made   a 
challenge  to  service  and  sacrifice  with  thousands. 
If  we  could   give  the  women  the  significant  facts 
crowding  upon  one  another  here,  scores  might  be 
found   supporting   their  own  missionaries  on   the 
field  where  we  now   have  one.      How  shall    it  be 
done.''      Perhaps   the   Northern   Baptist   and   the 
Southern  Methodist   Boards  have  been  most  suc- 
cessful   in   securing   general  use   of   the   Report. 
The    latter    says,  ^'The    Annual    Report   of    the 
Woman's  Missionary   Council    is  really  the  text- 
book of  the  work  of  our  women.      Its  use  is  urged 
in  connection  with  auxiliary  meetings,  programs 
are  published  which  require  its  careful  study  and 
its  general    use    is     featured     in    every    possible 
way."     Their   leaflet,  ^^A   Quiz    on   the   Annual 
Council    Meeting,"    for  general    distribution    is 
sufficiently  interest-provoking  to  invite  to  further 


Drilling  the  King's  Army  167 

study  of  the  Report.  The  Report  of  the  com- 
bined Eastern  and  Western  Baptist  Boards  is  a 
revelation  of  the  possibilities  of  good  paper  and 
type,  clear  and  pregnant  stateinent,  succinct 
summaries,  simple  but  accurate  maps  and  charts 
and  a  wealth  of  illustrations,  and  its  widespread 
use  has  abundantly  justified  the  expenditure. 

One  Board  puts  its  Annual  Report  in  the  list 
of  required  work  for  each  year  of  its  Reading 
Course,  indicating  the  portions  that  are  obligatory. 
A  number  of  Boards  publish  the  Annual  Report 
as  a  regular  issue  of  their  magazines.  One  aux- 
iliary numbers  among  its  Standing  Committees 
one  for  the  sale  of  Branch  and  General  Executive 
Reports,  thus  setting  the  ideal  that  every  member 
should  have  her  own  copy.  That  every  officer 
be  provided  should  be  held  a  necessity,  with  a 
number  on  file  for  constant  reference  in  the 
library.  As  soon  as  possible  after  its  receipt  the 
Executive  Committee  should  spend  at  least  one 
meeting  studying  the  Report  together,  each  officer 
being  prepared  to  see  that  important  items  bear- 
ing on  her  own  department  are  not  overlooked. 
The  Report  is  the  Board's  official  and  historical 
statement  to  its  stockholders,  and  sound  business 
judgment,  no  less  than  loyalty,  demands  that  it 
be  intelligently  received. 

At  least  one  program  meeting  each  year  should  Programs 
also  be  devoted  wholly  to  the  Board's  work,  Based  on 
preferably  to  a  graphic   portrayal    of    its    annual      °*^ 

T-»      1  •  11        Reports. 

meeting.       Both     program     meeting    and     study 


168  The  King's  Business 

classes  might  well  devote  six  consecutive  sessions 
to  a  foundation  study  of  its  organization,  methods 
and  achievement.  They  might  be  thus  outlined: 
(1)  The  responsibility  of  the  denomination  and 
of  the  Woman's  Board.  (2)  The  organization, 
methods  and  general  policy  of  the  Board.  (3) 
(a)  Its  entire  work  abroad,  (6)  Its  relation  to  the 
home  base.  (4)  Its  educational,  medical,  evan- 
gelistic or  literary  work  in  detail.  (5)  A 
dramatic  program — a  meeting  of  the  Board  or  an 
examination  of  candidates  for  the  foreign  field. 
The  Presbyterian  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  pub- 
lishes a  pamphlet  with  full  directions  for  six 
dramatic  programs  based  on  ^'The  Why  and  How 
of  Foreign  Missions"  (Dr.  A.  J.  Brown)  that 
could  easily  be  adapted  to  any  Board.  (6)  A 
prayer  meeting  for  the  work  of  the  Board. 
Three  meetings  might  be  spent  in  an  intensive 
study  of  one  hospital  or  school,  learning  through 
reports,  letters,  photographs,  maps  and  floor 
plans  of  the  buildings  to  know  its  staff  or  faculty, 
their  daily  life,  the  boundaries  of  their  field  and 
opportunity.  Or  to  impress  denominational  re- 
sponsibility, a  number  of  meetings  might  be 
given  to  a  survey  of  one  field,  wholly  or  in 
large  part  committed  to  the  denomination. 
Close  each  meeting  with  a  questionnaire  on 
the  Annual  Report  similar  to  the  * 'Mystery 
Box"  of  the  "Woman's  Missionary  Friend." 
Use  photographs  of  people  and  places  where 
they    will    emphasize    the    human    element,    not 


Drilling  the  King's  Army  169 

scatter  interest.  Maps  and  charts,  enlarged  from 
the  Report  if  not  otherwise  obtainable,  are  essen- 
tial to  visualize  impressions.  ^'How  to  Use 
China's  New  Day,"  *'The  Missionary  Move- 
ment" (Prof.  Amos  R.  Wells)  and  '^Missionary 
Methods  for  Missionary  Committees"  (David 
Park)  contain  valuable  suggestions  for  making 
maps  and  charts.  Narrow  each  meeting  down 
to  a  definite  point  of  contact  with  the  local  aux- 
iliary and  the  vital  need  of  its  co-operation  in 
its  Board's  entire  enterprise. 

2.  Missionary  Magazines.  The  magazine  pub-  Missionary 
lished  by  the  Woman's  Board  is  a  monthly  sup-  Magazines. 
plement  to  the  Annual  Report,  popularized  for 
a  wider  audience.  Its  strongest  appeal  is  to 
those  upon  whom  rests  the  support  of  the  work 
it  describes.  The  magazine  becomes  more  neces- 
sary to  them,  as  this  work  and  their  own  part  in 
it  grow  more  familiar,  so  that  the  magazine  and 
the  Report  should  be  made  to  reinforce  each  other 
constantly  in  the  regular  meeting  and  in  home 
reading  and  study.  At  every  meeting  there 
should  be  a  crisp,  vivid  recital  of  current  events 
by  one  or  more  women,  —not  so  full  as  to  make 
individual  reading  unnecessary,  but  one  that  will 
impel  members  to  go  home  and  read  for  them- 
selves. By  card  index  of  the  new  methods 
reported,  classified  for  various  officers,  the  maga- 
zine should  be  made  indispensable  to  them.  The 
Executive  Committee  should  plan  each  year  for 
a  subscription    increase  as   definitely   as   they   do 


170  The  King's  Business 

for  an  enlargement  in  membership  and  gifts.  By 
a  systematic,  concerted  action,  every  woman  in 
the  church  should  be  given  an  opportunity  annu- 
ally to  subscribe,  the  canvass  being  preceded  by  a 
magazine  meeting,  varying  in  form  from  year  to 
year.  These  are  only  hints  of  the  many  ways  in 
which  the  magazine  may  be  linked  with  the  life 
of  the  auxiliary.  The  inimitable  ^'Mystery  Box" 
of  the  "Woman's  Missionary  Friend"  baffles 
description.  Its  alluring  questions  have  sent 
curious  women  the  country  over  to  the  pages  of 
the  magazine  for  their  solution.  They  have 
largely  increased  the  subscription  list,  and,  used 
as  spelling  matches,  problems  or  games,  have 
brightened  countless  meetings.  The  magazines 
published  by  the  general  Boards  showing  the 
varied  activities  of  the  Church  and  the  interde- 
nominational journals  for  wider  outlook  are  alike 
indispensable  to  any  woman  who  would  be  a  real 
student  of  world-wide  missions. 
Leaflets.  3.   Leaflets.     The  publications  of   the  Mission 

Boards  react  upon  one  another.  A  generous  use  of 
reports  and  magazines  will  create  a  demand  for 
the  leaflets  which  amplify  and  complete  their 
story.  Perhaps  no  agency  at  our  command  is  less 
in  need  of  organization  and  development  by  the 
Boards,  and  more  in  need  of  it  by  the  local  society. 
Admirably  written,  illustrated  and  printed,  cover- 
ing almost  every  subject  and  meeting  almost  every 
demand,  the  leaflet  and  pamphlet  literature  should 
be   constantly  and  generously  circulated,   definite 


Drilling  the  King's  Army  171 

provision  for  organizing  and  financing  the  cam- 
paign being  made  by  the  Executive  Committee. 
A  study  of  the  leaflets  and  methods  of  use  should 
be  made  by  the  Educational  Department,  and  a 
system  prepared  which  will  bring  the  largest 
tangible  results  in  its  own  society.  There  should 
be  a  leaflet  section  in  the  regular  library,  cata- 
logued for  reference.  The  leaflets  should  be 
freely  used  for  general  distribution,  for  individual 
need,  revealed  by  the  study  of  the  women  of  the 
church  and  circulated  in  pamphlet  libraries.  The 
Christian  Woman's  Board  of  Missions  publishes 
an  admirable  record  sheet  for  such  use.  Nothing 
excels  in  practical  and  attractive  qualities  the 
"  Mary  Hill  Literature  Boxes,"  which  have  been 
used  by  thousands,  and  are  now  catalogued  and 
distributed,   like  books    by  city   public    libraries. 

4.  The  Library.  It  is  useless  to  attempt  to  The  Library, 
carry  out  any  definite  program  of  education  with- 
out moderate  library  facilities,  but  a  committee 
that  really  feels  the  need  will  find  the  remedy,  and 
by  persistent  effort  will  help  to  secure,  where  it 
does  not  already  exist,  the  permanent  library  which 
should  be  in  every  church,  supported  by  and  ap- 
pealing to  all  ages  and  classes.  Those  wdio  seek 
suggestions  as  to  methods  for  attaining  and  utiliz- 
ing it  will  find  abundant  help  in  "Holding  the 
Ropes  "  (Miss  Belle  M.  Brain),  "  The  Missionary 
Manual"  (Prof.  Amos  R.  Wells)  and  "Mission- 
ary Methods  for  Missionary  Committees  "  (David  • 
Park),  together  with  the  valuable  annotated  bibli- 


172  The  King's  Business 

ography  published  in  Volume  VI  of  the  ''Edin- 
burgh Conference  Report." 
Vital  Contact.  Vital  contact  with  the  field  through  letters  and 
visits  from  missionaries,  representation  in  annual 
meetings  of  state  and  district  societies  and  of  the 
Board  and  in  interdenominational  institutes  and 
summer  schools,  visits  from  field  secretaries,  the 
concrete  teaching  of  missionary  expositions  and 
pageants  are  all  educative  forces  where  personal- 
ity, accurate  knowledge  and  technical  training  are 
large  factors,  and  an  alert  committee  will  be  con- 
stantly on  the  watch  for  every  indirect  influence 
that  maybe  turned  into  channels  of  helpfulness. 
The  work  of  the  department  is  to  educate,  not 
simply  to  inform.  It  must  prepare  its  own  pro- 
gram of  education  and  find  its  own  plans  and 
agencies  for  realizing  it;  but  whatever  its  form, 
it  should  aim  to  provide  that  every  woman  who 
has  slightest  contact  with  the  church  shall  be 
given  an  opportunity  to  hear,  to  read,  to  study 
under  such  conditions  and  by  such  methods  that 
she  will  grow  month  by  month  and  year  by  year 
in  spiritual  conquest  and  in  trained  efficiency.  It 
is  outside  the  province  of  this  study  of  methods 
for  the  woman's  society  to  discuss  the  work  of 
women  on  the  church  Missionary  Committee,  in 
the  Sunday  School  and  among  young  people. 
But  it  is  within  its  province  to  train  leaders  for 
every  avenue  of  service  where  thPey  may  help  to 
hasten  the  world-conquest  of  Christ  and  its  ulti- 
mate aim  must  be  no  less  than  this. 


Drilling  the  King's  Army  1^73 


QUESTIONS 

What  proportion  of  the  women  of  your  church  now 
receive  any  form  of  missionary  information  through 
your  woman's  society?  What  proportion  any  real  edu- 
cation? 

Draw  up  a  program  of  education  for  your  society 
that  would  meet  its  need  and  its  responsibility.  Make 
a  statement  of  the  work  it  is  now  doing  and  compare 
them. 

Make  a  study  of  your  program  meetings  for  the 
past  year  as  to  their,  practical  value  in  meeting  the 
needs  of  your  own  society. 

What  does  your  society  most  need  through  its  pro- 
gram the  coming  year?  Select  a  major  aim  for  the 
year  and  minor  aims  for  each  meeting. 

Make  a  list  of  topics  which  might  be  used  together 
for  a  meeting  under  each  aim.  Express  the  same  idea 
in  a  telling  way  which  captures  the  interest,  and  in  a 
colorless  or  uninteresting  way. 

Make  a  list  of  the  advertising  methods  you  would 
use  if  you  were  chairman  of  your  program  committee. 

Are  you  providing  an  adequate  number  of  mission 
study  classes  for  the  number  of  women  in  your  society? 
If  not,  are  you  offering  them  the  same  training  along 
any  other  lines? 

Are  you  providing  either  Reading  Circles  and  the 
Home  Department  or  the  same  advantages  by  other 
methods? 

Study  the  possibilities  of  the  use  of  the  educational 
agencies  provided  by  your  Boards — reports,  magazines, 
leaflets,  in  comparison  with  the  use  now  being  made  of 
them  by  your  society. 

What  use  do  you  make  of  missionary  letters?  Do 
you  get  the  full  benefit  from  visits  of  missionaries  and 
Board  Secretaries?  From  representation  in  conven- 
tions and  conferences? 


174  The  King's  Business 

How  many  missionary  books  have  you  read  the  past 
year?  How  does  the  amount  compare  with  your  read- 
ing along  other  lines? 

Are  the  members  of  your  society  carrying  their  full 
share  of  the  general  missionary  activities  of  the  church? 
Are  you? 

Are  you  growing  each  year  in  knowledge,  and  in 
prayer,  gifts,  and  service  for  missions? 

BIBLE    LESSON 

SL   PauVs   Emphasis    on    Edtication :     Ephesians    iv. 
11-16,  II.  Timothy  ii.  2,  Titus  i.  9*. 

REFERENCE    BOOKS    AND    PAMPHLETS 

1.  The  Missionary  Meeting. 

"Fuel  for  Missionary  Fires, "  Brain   (United  Society 

of  Christian  Endeavor). 
"The  Missionary    Manual,"  Wells  (United  Society 

of  Christian  Endeavor). 
"Missionary  Methods  for  Missionary  Committees," 

Park  (Revell). 
"Mission    Meetings,"  Murray    (Student   Volunteer 

Movement).     (Pamphlet.) 

2,  The  Mission  Study  Class. 

"Edinburgh  Conference  Report,"  Vol.  VI,  Chapter 
V  (Revell). 

"The  Mission  Study  Class  Leader,"  Sailer  (all  Mis- 
sion Boards). 

"Report  of  First  International  Mission  Study 
Conference"  (Missionary  Education  Move- 
ment). 

PAMPHLETS 

"Mission  Study  Class  Manual,"  Milliken  (all 
Mission  Boards). 


Drilling  the   King's  Army  175 

"Mission     Study     Class    Method,"     Day    (Student 

Volunteer  Movement). 
^^The    Organization    of    Mission    Study,"    Murray 

(Student  Volunteer  Movement). 
"What    is    Involved     in    Mission    Study,"    Barton 

(Student  Volunteer  Movement). 

3.  Missionary  Magazines,  Libraries,  Pamphlet  Litera- 
ture, Board  Reports,  Visits  from  Secretaries  and 
Missionaries,  Conventions,  Expositions. 

"Edinburgh    Conference    Report,"  Vol.    VI,  Chap- 
ters II,  III,  IV,  VIII,  XIV  (Revell). 


PROGRAM    SUGGESTIONS 


PROGRAMS    FOR    SPECIAL    OCCASIONS 

A  series  of  suggestive  program  outlines  prepared  by 
specialists  in  the  subjects  with  which  they  deal. 


I 

REACHING    OUR    SHARE    OF   THE   WORLD 

Prepared  by  Mr.  J.  Campbell  White,  General  Secretary,  Lay- 
men's Missionary  Movement. 

First  Address 
Our  Denomination's  Share  of  the  Field  in  America. 

1.  What  proDortion   of  the  Protestant  Church  member- 

ship of  the  United   States  are  members  of  our  de- 
nomination .'*     illustrate  with  charts.) 

2.  What  would  be  our  denomination's  fair  proportionate 

share  of  the  unreached  people  in  America.'' 

3.  Are  there  reasons  why  our  denomination  should  un- 

dertake to  do  more  than  its  proportionate  share  of 
the  work  yet  undone  at  home.''     If  so,  what.^ 

Second  Address 
Our  Denomination's  Share  of  the  Non-Christian  World. 
About  six  hundred  millions  of  non-Christian  people 
live  in  districts  occupied  by  American  missionaries. 

1.  What   would    be    our    denomination's    proportionate 

share  of  this  vast  multitude.'' 

2.  Are  there  considerations  which  should    lead  our  de- 

nomination to  try  to  reach  more  than  its  vci&xe  pro- 
portionate share  of  these  people.'' 


Program  Suggestions  177 

3.  What  agencies  have  we  at  work  cultivating  our  field 

abroad,  and  how  do  these  compare  with  similar 
agencies  at  work  in  our  share  of  the  field  at  home? 

4.  How  many  church  members  have  we  in  our  denomina- 

tion at  home  for  every  missionary  we  have  sent 
abroad?     Is  this  a  fair  or  reasonable  proportion? 

5.  How  many  cents  per  meinber  per  week  does  our  de- 

nomination give  to  reach  our  share  of  the  field  at 
home  ?     Abroad  ? 

G.  How  does  this  compare  with  the  amount  we  spend  on 
personal  adornment,  on  amusements,  on  travel,  on 
Christmas  presents,  etc. 

7.  Is  the  amount  we  give  a  worthy  expression  of  a  gen- 

uine desire  to  see  the  Kingdom  of  Christ  extended 
throughout  the  world  ? 

8.  What  would  probably  be  an  adequate  occupation  of  our 

share  of  the  world? 

Third  Address 
The  Divine  Prescription   for  Getting    the   Fields   Occu- 
pied.— Luke  X.  2. 

1.  How  many  ministers  or  missionaries  have  been  pro- 

duced from  our  congregation  in  recent  years? 

2.  Is  this  number  large  or  small,  in  view  of  the  amount 

of  prayer  that  has  been  offered  to  this  end? 

3.  Is  it  consistent  to  pray  for  more  workers  and  not  be 

willing  to  have  our  own  loved  ones  go  wherever 
God  may  call  them  ? 

4.  Shall  we  begin  to  pray  more  faithfully  and  frequently 

that  God  may  help  us  to  influence  young  men  and 
women  to  devote  their  lives  to  Christian  and  mis- 
sionary service? 

5.  Shall  we  also  decide  to  pray  habitually  for  at  least  one 

missionary  now  on  the  field? 


178  The  King's  Business 


II 
A   PROBLEM   IN   EQUATIONS 

A  program  to  show  the  responsibility  of  our  Woman's 

Board  to   the  non-Christian    world,  and    the    share   our 

auxiliary  has  in  it. 

Prepared  by  Mrs.  W.  F.  McDowell,  President,  Woman's  Foreign 
Missionary  Society,  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

"  The  restless  millions  Avait 
The  light  whose  dawning 
Maketh  all  things  ne'w; 
Christ  also  waits, 
But  men  are  slow  and  late. 
Have  we  done  what  we  could? 
Have  I?    Have  you?" 
Devotions. 

2.45     Business. 

Reports  of  officers:  Recording  Secretary,  Treasurer, 

Corresponding  Secretary. 
Minute  reports  of  committees  :  Membership,  Liter- 
ature, Mite  Boxes,  Interdenominational,  Mission 
Study,  Thank  Offering  and  others. 
New  Business. 
3.00     A  Problem  in  Equations.* 

Given  :  The  General  Executive  Committee -f-  7,881, 
woman's     and     young    woman's     auxiliaries -[- 
(100,000,000  women— Christianity)  =  what? 
Given  :  One  auxiliary  with  40  members — 150  women 
who  are  not  members ;  to  find  our  share  in  the 
,  work. 
3.45     Music  :  "I'll  do  what  You  want  me  to  do." 
Prayer — the  President. 
Introductions.     Announcements.     Benediction. 

Hostesses  : 

*  Charts  and  maps  giving  figures  and  facts  so  clearly  that  they 
speak  for  themselves  should  be  in  plain  sight. 


Program  Suggestions  179 

III 

PLANNING   THE   YEAR'S   WORK 

A  program  to  show  the  importance  of  the  state  and 
local  work. 

Prepared  by  Miss  Kathleen  Mallory,  Corresponding  Secretary, 
"Woman's  Missionary  Union,  Auxiliary  to  Southern  Baptist  Con- 
vention. 

Let  ineeting  represent  Foreign  Missions  Committee 
of  the  State  Woman's  Missionary  Board  planning  the 
year's  work. 

Devotional  Exercises,  consisting  of  state  patriotic  song; 
Scripture,  showing  relation  of  state  to  foreign 
missions,  Acts  xi.  1-19,  xv.  1-12;  prayer  for  state's 
foreign  mission  enterprises. 

Reports  on  Programs,  Offerings,  Prayer  Seasons. 

Foreign  Missions  in  State :  Talk  on  Immigration. 

Letters  from  State's  Foreign  Missionaries. 

Song:  "I'll  go  where  You  want  me  to  go." 

Stereopticon  Lecture  on  State's  Foreign  Work. 

Prayer  for  State  Volunteers  for  Foreign  Work. 

Song  :  "  Oh,  Zion,  Haste." 

Prayer  for  World-wide  Missions. 


IV 

A   MEETING   OF   A   CITY   FEDERATION   OF 
WOMAN'S  MISSIONARY   SOCIETIES 

Prepared  by  Mrs.  Noble   C.  King,  Interdenominational   Com- 
mittee of  the  Central  West  for  Missions. 

1.  Scripture:  John  xvii.  20-23.     Prayer. 

Show  (rt)  The  beautiful  meaning  in  this  passage  for 
the  individual  believer;  (^b)  the  wider  meaning 
in  the  unity  of  all  Christians. 


180  The  King's  Business 

2.  Hymn:   "  The  Church's  one  foundation." 

3.  Remarkable    Interdenominational   Movements    in   the 

Home  Base.  (Presented  in  three-minute  talks.) 
(a)  Unity  of  young  people;  (3)  of  students;  (c)  of 
women ;  (d)  of  laymen ;  («")  of  the  Church 
(World  Conferences,  Federal  Council)  ;  (/") 
educational  (United  Study,  Missionary  Education 
Movement,  Summer  Schools  and  Conferences). 

4.  Value  of  Local  Federation,  of  Churches  and  Church 

Organizations  vs.  Old  Methods  of  Wasteful  Over- 
lapping and  Lack  of  Co-operation.  (This  could 
be  presented  by  a  debate,  a  monologue  or  an 
address.) 

5.  Inspirational    Address.       "The    Significance    of    the 

Movements  for  Unity  on  the  Foreign  Field  Met 
by  the  Movements  for  Unity  at  the  Home  Base." 

6.  Closing  Prayer  Service. 

Topics  (rt)  That  God's  people  everywhere  may  not 
through  indifference  or  ignorance  fail  to  respond 
to  the  unmistakable  call  of  God  through  these 
marvelous  movements.  (3)  That  they  may  be 
kept  in  the  faith  and  not  be  carried  away  by  false 
teaching,  and  so  fail  in  obeying  the  great  com- 
mission, (c)  That  the  Church  at  home  may  not 
hinder  the  rapid  advances  in  unity  which  the 
Church  is  making  to-day  on  the  foreign  field. 
(Other  objects  may  be  added.)  (A  very  impres- 
sive manner  of  conducting  this  service  would  be 
to  request  the  audience  to  stand  with  bowed 
heads  while  the  petitions  are  read  by  the  leader, 
a  moment  of  silent  prayer  following  each  peti- 
tion.    The  effect  is,  that  a// are  praying.) 

7.  Closing  Hymn  :  "  Blest  be  the  tie  that  binds."    (Sing 

without  books  and  while  still  standing.) 


Program  Suggestions  1^3 

INTENSIVE     STUDIES     IN     OUR    FIELD 
To  Ifnp7-ess  Denominational  Responsibility 

V 

THE   BAPTIST   CHURCH    IN   BURMA 

Prepared  by  Miss  Harriet  S  .  Ellis,  Home  Secretary,  Woman's 
Baptist  Foreign  Missionary  Society. 

The  program  is  based  on  "  Our  Work  in  the  Orient," 
the  illustrated  annual  report  of  the  Woman's  Board.  An 
outline  accompanies  it  to  be  filled  out  at  home  after  the 
meeting. 

1.  Hymn. 

2.  Roll    Call.       (Let    each    member   respond    with    the 

name  of  a  missionary,  giving  station,  work,  and 
showing  photograph. J 

3.  Special  Prayer  for  these  Missionaries. 

4.  Short  Sketch  of  the  Country,  Characteristics,  People. 

("  W.  in  O.,"  p.  5,  5  minutes.) 

5.  Sketch  of  "  Nats."   (Leaflet  by  Mrs.  Case,  5  minutes.) 

6.  Bible  Lesson  and  Prayers. 

7.  Music.     Offering. 

8.  Discussion  of  the  Value  of  Village  Schools,  illustrated 

from  "  W.  in  O.,"  pp.  8,  14,  28,  33,  3.5. 

9.  Sketch  of  Our  Schools  for  Girls.      (This  can  be  given 

by  fodr  young  women  if  desired.)  ^ 

a.  Sgaw  Karen  High  School,  pp.  9-11. 

b.  English  Girls'  High,  pp.  27,28. 

c.  Morton  Lane,  pp.  24-27  (also  leaflet). 

d.  Kemendine,  pp.  17-19  (also  leaflet). 

This  can  be  used  by  young  women's  circles  as  confer- 
ence of  representatives  from  these  schools  in 
costume;  each  gives  account  of  her  school, 
teachers,  shows  pictures,  etc. 


182  The  King's  Business 

10.  An  Afternoon  at  an  Association. 

Select  several  missionaries ;  impersonate  them  and 
give  their  experiences  en  route  to  the  Associa- 
tion, pp.  10,  42,  45,  etc.,  also  the  reports  of  their 
year's  work,  etc. 

VI 

THE    CONGREGATIONAL   BOARD,  TURKEY'S 
SPIRITUAL   GUARDIAN 

Prepared  by  Miss  Alice  M.  Kyle,  Editorial  Secretary,  Woman's 
Board  of  Missions. 

I.     Opening    Exercises    and     Preliminary    Business. 

(15  minutes.) 
II.     Map  Talk    on    Turkey:    Position,   Provinces  and 
Population.      (5  minutes.) 

III.  The  Peoples  :  («)  the  Conquerors, — their  coming, 

their  precepts  and  practice  (5  minutes)  ;  {b')  the 
Conquered, — their  early  history,  present  religious 
decadence  (5  minutes). 

IV.  The   Entrance  of   Modern    Christianity;    Pioneer 

Missionaries,  Their  Approach  to  Their  Task. 
(5  minutes.) 
V.  A  Chapter  from  Life ;  Glimpses  of  Some  Noted 
Missionaries:  Cyrus  Hamlin,  Corinna  Shattuck, 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Crosby  H.  Wheeler.  (5  minutes 
each.) 

VI.  The  Four  Congregational  Missions  and  Their 
Centers  of  Work  (indicated  by  tiny  American 
flags  on  map).     (3  minutes.) 

VII.  The  Missionary  Enterprise  To-day  in  Turkey : 
(a)  Christian  Literature;  (3)  the  Churches; 
(c)  the  Schools;  (^)  the  Hospitals.  (4  minutes 
each.) 

VIII.     Epoch-making  Days,  1908-1913.      (5  minutes.) 


Program  Suggestions  183 

IX.     Impersonation  of  a  Mohammedan  Woman  ;  a  Dra 

matic  Monologue  (in  costume).      (5  minutes.) 
X.     Opening  Doors  into  Moslem  Homes.    (5  minutes.) 
XI.     Service  of  Intercession.     (15  minutes.) 

Note. — Material  for  this  program,  including  "  Dramatic  Mono- 
logue," may  be  obtained  by  application  to  the  Woman's  Board  of 
Missions,  701  Congregational  House,  Boston,  Mass. 

VII 

THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN   ARABIA 

Prepared  by  Mrs.  Alfred  De  Witt  Mason,  W^oman's  Board  of 
Foreign  Missions,  Reformed  Church  in  America. 

Hymn  :  "Ye  servants  of  God,  jour  Master  proclaim." 

Scripture:  Gen.  xvii.  15-26;  Gen.  xxv.  13-17.     Prayer. 

Secretary's  and  Treasurer's  Reports.     Roll  Call. 

Short  Papers 

1.  The  Great  Arabian  Prophet. 

2.  Islam:  its  Creed;  its  Precepts;  its  Practice. 

3.  Islam  and  Women. 

4.  The  Pearl  Divers. 
Hymn  or  Solo. 

5.  Early     Missionaries — tc     Mohammedans ;     Raymond 

Lull. 

G.  Modern  Missions — to  Arabia. 

Offering — Prayer.     Hymn  or  Solo.     Mizpah. 

References 

1.  "  The  Moslem  World,"  Chapter  I,  Samuel  M.  Zwemer, 

D.D.,  F.R.G.S. 

2.  "The  Moslem  World,"    or  Chapter  IX,  Outlines   of 

Missionary  History,  Alfred  De  Witt  Mason,  D.D. 

3.  "  The  Moslem  World,"  Samuel  M.  Zwemer. 


184  The  King's  Business 

4.  December,  1912,  "The  Mission   Field  Magazine,"  25 

East  22d  St.,  New  York  City,  N.  Y. 

5.  "Raymond    Lull:    First  Missionary   to    the   Moham- 

medans," Samuel  M.  Zwemer. 

C.  "Arabia:  The  Cradle  of  Islam,"  853-390,  Samuel  M. 
Zwemer.  "  Neglected  Arabia,"  a  quarterly,  issued 
by  the  Arabian  Mission,  25  East  22d  St.,  New  York 
City,  N.  Y. 

VIII 
THE    PRESBYTERIAN   CHURCH   IN   PERSIA 

Prepared  by  Mrs.  N.  D.  Pratt,  Woman's  Presbyterian  Board  of 
Missions  of  the  North\vest. 

For  material  for  program  and  references  to  current  lit- 
eratvire,  address  509  South  Wabash  Avenue,  Chicago. 

Devotional  Service:  Persia,  the  Bible  Land  of  Continu- 
ous History.  Sing:  "Fling  out  the  Ban- 
ner." Read  Daniel  i:  1-6;  iii.  14-21. 
Prayer :  Invocation  and  prayer  for  the 
meeting  and  for  all  who  participate. 

Persia:  The  "Buffer"  State  of  Asia 

I.     Geographical  Position.     (Two  minutes.) 

1.  Show  on  map  how  it  lies  between  Turkey,  Russia 

and  "British  and  Russian  Interests." 

2.  Call  attention  to  long  water  frontage. 

3.  Explain   its   importance  politically  to  England 

and  Russia. 

II.     Races  and  Religions.      (Two  two-minute  talks.) 

1.  The  Moslems — their  faith  and  numbers. 

The  Parsees — their  nuinber,  peculiar  beliefs  and 

comparative  wealth  and  intelligence. 
The  Jews  and  Armenians — numbers. 

2.  Baha,  the  Bahais  and  Bahaism. 


Program  Suggestions  185 


III.  Material    Condition    and  Resources.      (Two-minute 

talk.) 
Primitive  methods,  absence    of   railroads   (only  26 
miles),  undeveloped  mineral  wealth,  limited 
currency,  mismanaged  finances  and  general 
lack  of  system. 

IV.  Political  Condition.     (A  ten-minute  paper.) 

1.  Form  of  government  prior  to  1905. 

2.  The  struggle  for  liberty,  1905-1911. 

(1)  What  America  did  to  help. 

(2)  What  England  and  Russia  did  to  hinder, 

(3)  The  Constitution,  the  defeat  and  the  banish- 
ment of  American  advisers. 

3.  Present  government  and  rulers. 

("The  whole   of  Persia  is  to-day  a  satrapy  of 
Russia. ' ' — S/iusler.) 

V.  Christian  Missions  in  Persia. 

1.  Bright  Lights  in  Persia.     (Two-minute  talks  on 

five  representative  missionaries.) 

2.  Persian  Stories.      (Six  two-minute  talks.) 

(1)  Wonders  of  the  medical  work,  including  the 
gift  of  the  first  hospital  for  women  and  chil- 
dren in  Persia  by  a  Persian  princess. 
,  (2)  Wonders  of  the  educational  work,  drawing 
the  contrast  between  the  women  of  pre- 
missionary  times  and  those  of  the  present. 
(3)  Wonders  of  evangelism,  including  life  on 
the  road  and  in  stations,  number  of  churches 
and  church  adherents,  and  the  story  of  some 
who  have  "  suffered  the  loss  of  all  things." 

3.  Pressing  Needs  for  Present  Work.     (Five  to  ten 

minutes.) 

4.  The  Opportunity  and  Outlook.     A  stirring  ap- 

peal.    (Five  to  ten  minutes.) 

Closing  Exercises  :  Prayers  covering  the  needs  suggested 
by  the  program.  Sing,  "  Lead  on,  O  King 
Eternal." 


186  The  King's  Business 


IX 

THE   UNITED   PRESBYTERIAN   CHURCH    IN 
EGYPT 

Prepared  by  Miss  Anna  A.  Milligan,  Woman's  General  Mis- 
sionary Society,  United  Presbyterian  Church. 

I.     The  Call  to  Arms. 

1.  The  Might  and  the  Blight  of  Islam. 

2.  The  Condition  of  the  Coptic  Church. 

3.  Social   Degradation :    Sorrows    of    Girlhood   in 

Egypt. 

II.     The  Land  to  be  Possessed, — map  exercise,  locating, 

1.  A  Moslem  university,    homes  of   Khedive   and 

Lord  Kitchener.     (Use  crescents.) 

2.  At  least  five  Protestant  churches,  two  colleges, 

two  hospitals,  a  mission  press.    (Use  crosses.) 

III.  The  Weapons  of  Our  Warfare. 

1.  Education. 

(1)  Where  the  graduates  are  found. 

(2)  Student  Volunteer  Band  in  Assiut  College. 

2.  Medical  Work. 

(1)  A  day  with  the  doctor  on  the  "  Allegheny." 

(2)  How  the  Gospel  message  is  told  in  hospital 
— clinic. 

3.  Missionaries  :  The  Untouched  Field  and  Workers 

Needed. 

IV.  Prayer,  especially  remembering  the  work   and   the 

workers. 

V.     Roll  Call.     Each   member  responding    with    name 
and  location  of  missionary. 

VI.     Social  Hour.     Three  Egyptian   ladies  will  receive, 
serving  Turkish  cottee  and  sweets. 


Program  Suggestions  187 

X 

THE   METHODIST   AND    PRESBYTERIAN 
CHURCHES   IN   KOREA 

Korea's  Past 

Prepared  by  Mrs.  Frank  Mason  North,  Central  Committee  on 
the  United  Study  of  Foreign  Missions. 

From  Korea,  the  Hermit,  to  Cho-sen,  Morning  Calm 
Isaiah  Hi:  1-10 

1.  The  Story  of  Kija  and  Cho-sen. 

2.  The  Hermit  Nation. 

a.  Under  Bondage  of  Perpetual   Fear, — Shamanism. 

b.  Buddhism   Tried    and    Found  Wanting,  372-1391 

A.  D. 

c.  Confucianism's    Blight     on     Mind,    Heart,    Soul, 

1391  A.  D.+ 

3.  Korea's  Doors  Opened. 

a.  To    the    Powers    of    this    World.       Political    De- 

pendence. 

1.  The  Treaties,  1874-1907. 

2.  The  Great  Wars,  1894  and  1904. 

3.  Japan's  Control  of  Korea,  1907  -f 

b.  To  the  Prince  of  Peace.     Spiritual  Freedom. 

1.  The  Entrance  of  His  Word,  1884  + 

2.  The  First  Disciples. 

3.  Korea's  Pentecost,  1907. 

4.  Reading  of  Isaiah  Ixii.  and  Prayer  for  Korea. 

XI 

THE    FEDERAL   COUNCIL    OF   MISSIONS   IN 

CHO-SEN 

{A  dramatic  program^ 

Prepared   by  Miss   Mary  Craig   Peacock,  Woman's  Foreign 
Missionary  Society  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

Place,    Seoul.      Time,    September,    1913.      Personnel, 
delegates  from  member  organizations. 


188  The  King's  Business 

Devotional  Service,  Romans  xiii.  1-12.  Prayer,  presiding 
officer. 

Historical  Survey. 

Beginnings  of  Missions  in  Cho-sen,  Leaders,  etc. 
Forms  of  Mission  Activity. 

Characteristics  and  Growth  of  Cho-sen  Church. 
Union  Movements,  Territorial  Divisions,  etc. 

Reports.     From  Member  Organizations. 

Korea  Sabbath  School  Association. 

Summer  Bible  Conference. 

Publication  Committee,  etc. 
The  Outlook.     Political  Situation,  Imperative  Needs,  etc. 

Greetings  from  America.  Cablegrams  announcing  rein- 
forcements, increased  equipment. 

Closing  Service  :  Psalm  xcvi.     A  Season  of  Prayer. 

Consult  Edinburgh  Conference  Report,  denoininational 
reports,  "  Korea  Mission  Field,"  November, 
1912,  etc. 

XII 

MEDICAL   MISSIONS   IN   CHINA 

Prepared  by  Mrs.  Edgar  O.  Silver. 

A  program  given  by  the  Interdenominational  Federa- 
tion for  Mission  Study  at  a  meeting  of  the  Women's 
Societies. 

"  A  Demonstration  of  God's  Love  "  (inscription  over 
the  entrance  to  hospital). 
Devotional  Service.      (15  minutes.) 

1.  Singing,  "  O  Zion,  haste,"  stanzas  1,  3. 

2.  Scripture  Selections:  John  iii.  IG;  Luke  iv.  16-19; 

Matt.  XX.  28;  Matt.  xiv.  14;  Acts  x.  38. 
C.  Prayer. 

4.  Reports.  Business.  Announcements.   (5  minutes.) 

5.  The  Great  Reasons  for  Medical  Missions,  President 

of  Woman's  Club.      (5  minutes.) 


Program  Suggestions  189 

6.  Presentation  of  charts  and  pictures  of  hospitals  in 

China.      (10   minutes.)      See   pp.  40  and  41, 
*'  How  to  Use  China's  New  Day." 

7.  Singing:   "Immortal  love,  forever  full,"  stanzas 

1,  2  and  3.      (5  minutes.) 

8.  The  Urgent  Need  of  Larger  and  Better  Equipped 

Hospitals  in  China.     (20  minutes.) 

9.  Medical  Missions — A  Great  Opportunity  for  Evan- 

gelistic Work.     (10  minutes.) 

10.  Discussion.     (15  minutes.) 

How  Can  We  Meet  the  Two  Great  Needs  of 
Medical  Missions — Funds  and  Workers.'' 

Leaders — President  of  Federation,  Superintend- 
ent of  Hospital,  Prominent  Physician  and  Rep- 
resentative of  the  College  Alumnge  Association. 

11.  Singing  :  "  The  New  China,"  by  Margaret  Sangs- 

ter,  stanzas  1,  4  and  6.     (3  minutes.) 

12.  Lord's  Prayer.     (2  minutes.) 

Informal  Reception  and  Tea  in  the  Church  Parlors,  in- 
cluding two  dramatic  scenes  illustrating  Med- 
ical Missions.     Chinese  decorations. 

EXTENSIVE   STUDIES    IN   THE    FIELD 

A  bird's-eye  view  of  the  entire  work  of  a  denomina- 
tion. The  medical,  evangelistic  or  literary  work  may  be 
treated  in  the  same  way. 

XIII 

REPORT  OF  A  COMMISSION  TO  EXAMINE  THE 

ENTIRE  EDUCATIONAL  WORK  OF  THE 

CONGREGATIONAL  BOARDS 

Prepared  by  Mrs.  Ozora  Stearns  Davis,  Woman's  Board  of 
Missions  of  the  Interior. 

Scripture  suggested  :  John  ii.  23;  iii.  21. 
Prayer    for   the    diffusion    of   the    truths    taught    by   the 
"  Rabbi  sent  from  God." 


190  The  King's  Business 

(For  the  sake  of  vividness  the  following  ten-minute 
topics  are  supposed  to  be  given  hy  a  commission  of  six, 
who  have  visited  the  places  described,  all  papers  to  be 
written  from  this  personal  viewpoint.) 

I.     Schools  for  Little  People  and  Older  Beginners. 

1.  A  Model  Kindergarten.      (Glory  Kindergarten, 

Kobe,  Japan.) 

2.  Boarding    Schools    for   African    Girls.       (West 

Central  Africa.) 

II.     The  Training  of  our  Elementary  Leaders. 

1.  In  a  Bible  Woman's  Training  School.    (Madura, 

India.) 

2.  Schools  for  Girls  in  Mexico.     (Guadalajara  and 

Parral  and  Chihuahua. 

III.     The  Summits  of  our  Educational  Work. 

1.  Kobe  College,  Japan. 

2.  North  China  Woman's  Union  College,  Peking. 

3.  Higher  Education  in  Turkey.     (Central  Turkey 

Girls'  College,  Marash.) 

XIV 
SUGGESTIVE    MISSIONARY    PROGRAM 

Prepared  by  Mrs.  J.  Nicholas  Mitchell. 

This  program  was  used  after  classes  on  China  and 
Isles  of  Sea. 

Hymn  450:   "  All  hail  the  power  of  Jesus'  name." 
Collects.     Silent  Prayer. 

Bible  Selections:  Isa.  xl.  9-31;  Ps.  cxv.  4-8. 
Four  Reasons  Why  We  Should  Read  and    Study  About 
Missions. 

1.  Because  of  their  bearing  on  the  political  and  re- 
ligious thought  of  the  age. 
Illustrations: 


Program  Suggestions  191 

Recent  Edict  in  China  on  "  Opium  "  and  "  Con- 
fucius." 

Quotations  and  mottoes. 

Chinese  recitation,  in  costume. 

Prayer. 

Hymn  580  (two  verses)  :  "Christ  for  China  we 
sing." 

2.  Study    of    missions     full    of    interest,    romance, 

heroism. 

Conundrum:  "And  the  isles  shall  wait  for  His 
law."  In  a  certain  group  of  islands  this  promise 
was  literally  fulfilled.  When  first  missionaries 
landed,  they  found  that  the  people  had  thrown 
away  their  idols,  and  were  waiting  for  some  one 
to  come  to  teach  them.  What  islands?  How 
did  missionaries  learn  of  them?  Under  what 
governments  are  they  now? 

Kapiolani  will  tell  of  her  trip  around  Mt.  Pelee, 
and  of  the  fads  of  her  sister  queens. 

An  Hawaiian  Song,  composed  by  King  Kalakaua 
in  1874  (national  anthem). 

Some  prayers  of  the  natives. 

3.  Knowledge  brings  recruits  for  the  Church  at  home 

and  abroad. 

Native  enthusiasts — in  Tahiti,  in  Hawaii. 

Present  opportunity — Bishop  Resterick. 

Books  :  "  Christus  Redemptor,"  "  The  Anglican 
Communion  in  the  Pacific,"  "  Domestic  Report 
Board  of  Missions,  1907."    Collect  for  workers. 

4.  Because  of  the  great  command  (Matt,  xxviii.  20) . 

Who  felt  the  call? 
Are  we  doing  our  part? 
Are  we  responsible  ? 
Charts.     Maps.     Curios. 


192  The  King's  Business 

PROGRAMS    ON   GIVING 

XV 

BRIDGING   THE    CHASM 

Prepared  by  Mrs.  G.  W.  Isham,  Editor  "  The  Study." 

Scripture  Reading:  The  Syrian  Maid,  II.  Kings  v.  1-6. 
*The  First  Cable.     (Story  of  an  organizer.) 
t"  Living  Links." 

Debate  :  Special  versus  General  Giving. 
JA    Round    of    Stories:      "My    Bible    Woman,"    "My 

Orphan,"  "  My  Missionary." 
§Reading  :  "  Abeng,  the  Bible  Woman." 
The  Next  Step  :  From  "  Special  "  to  World-wide  Interest 
in  Missions. 


♦One  who  travels  much  finds  that  definite  asking  for  definite  objects 

enlists  many  people  for  the  first  time, 
f  Present  with  large  map  of  the  world — ribbons  radiating  from  your 

home  town  to  the  points  where  special  work  of  your  church  or 

district  is  located. 
X  Stories  may  be  told  by  those  supporting  work  or  by  impersonations 

of  those  supported. 
§  Leaflet,  price  two  cents.    Woman's  Foreign  Missionary  Society  of 

the  Methodist  Ei^iscopal  Church. 


XVI 
DISADVANTAGES    OF   SPECIALIZING 

Prepared    by   Mrs.   N.   W.  Campbell,   Presbyterian    Board    of 
Missions  of  the  Northwest. 

Hymn:  "  I  gave  my  life  for  thee." 
Scripture  Reading,  Matthew  vi.  1-8. 
Prayer. 

I.  Statement :  What  are  the  Specific  Objects  Supported 
by  the  Society  and  What  Special  or  Specific 
Objects  Mean. 

II.     Prepared  paper  on  the  influence  of  such  giving. 


Program  Suggestions  193 

III.  Paper:  The  Missionary's  Objections  to  this  Form 

of  Giving. 

IV.  The  Disappointments  to  Supporters  or  Contributors. 

V.     Objection  by  Boards. 

VI.     The   Present   Method:   The  *' Station  "  or  "Parish 
Plan." 

References 

"  The  Best  Plan  for  Special  Object  Giving,"  Robert  E. 
Speer,  Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  Presbyterian  Church, 
156  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City. 

"Our  Pledged  Work,"  Miss  Kate  G.  Lamson,  and 
"Dangers  in  Designated  Gifts,"  Miss  Abbie  B.  Child, 
704  Congregational  House,  Boston,  Mass. 

XVII 
STEWARDSHIP 

Prepared  by  Mrs,  M.  E.  Harlan,  Corresponding-  Secretary, 
Christian  Woman's  Board  of  Missions. 

Devotional :  Song.  Prayer.  Scripture  Lesson,  Some 
Bible  Meanings  of  Stewardship, — Elder,  I.  Peter  v. 
1,  2,  4;  Bishop,  Titus  i.  7,  8,  9;  Shepherd,  Jer. 
xxiii.  4;  Minister  of  the  Mysteries  :  Life,  Luke  xii. 
15-23,  I.  John  i.  2;  Love,  I.  Cor.  xiii. ;  Sacrifice, 
Our  Beloved,  John  iii.  16;  Self,  II.  Cor.  xii.  15; 
Substance,  Luke  vi.  38,  II.  Cor.  ix.  6,  7;  The 
Gospel  for  Others,  Acts  xi.  1-20;  x.  44-46. 
Song  :  "  I  gave  my  life  for  thee."  (Soft  and  low.) 
Paper:  Every  Man,  Woman  and  Child  a  Steward. 

Round  Table  :  The  Steward  a  Debtor  to  the  Government, 
Church,  Foreign  Missions,  Home  Missions,  Edu- 
cational Institutions,  Hospitals,  Social  Service. 
(Round  Table  speakers  :  City,  state  or  national  govern- 
ment official;  president  of  official  board;  mission- 
ary or  native  from  afar,  real  or  represented ;  home 


194  The  King's  Business 

missionary,  or  some  one  full  of  facts ;  Christian 
college  president,  superintendent  of  schools,  or 
teacher;  doctor  or  nurse;  specialist,  personal 
worker.)  Each  subject  should  be  so  presented  that 
the  completed  message  will  emphasize  the  vastness 
of  the  world  task. 

Music. 

Talk  :  The  Christian  Steward  a  Specialist  in  Missionary 
Finance. 
(Suggested  topics  for  another  address,  if  desired:  The 
Steward's  Three  Questions, — Will  I  be  true  to  the 
trust?  When  should  I  give?  For  what  and  how 
much?  Failure  in  Stewardship  Means  Death; 
Success  in  Stewardship  Means  Life.) 

Prayer.     Twenty  minutes  for  business.     Benediction. 

Note. — Consult  "  Helps,"  passes  51-56  new  Front  Rank  Bible, 
Christian  Board  of  Publication,  St.  Louis,  Mo;  Stewardship  Packet, 
Student  Volunteer  Movement,  600  Lexington  Ave.,  New  York  City; 
and  Denominational  Boards. 

XVIII 
THANK-OFFERING    SERVICE 

"The  World's  Redemption" 

Prepared  by  Mrs.  Mary  Clokey  Porter,  Thank-offering  Secre- 
tary, Woman's  General  Missionary  Society,  United  Presbyterian 
Church. 

Program  in  full  may  be  ordered  from  905  Board  of 
Publication  Building,  Ninth  St.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

The  Universal  Chorus  of  Praise,  Bible  Songs,  321. 
Prayer  of  Thanksgiving. 

God  and  the  World 
Leader  :  What  relation  does  God  bear  to  the  world? 
Response  :  He  is  its  Creator,  Jer.  x.  12. 
Leader  :  He  is  its  Preserver. 
Response  :  Neh.  ix.  6. 
Leader  :  He  is  its  Benefactor. 


Program  Suggestions  195 

Responsic  :  Ps.  cxlv.  15. 

Leader  :  How  should  the  world  regard  its  Creator,  its 

Preserver,  its  Benefactor? 
Response:  Rev.  iv.  11. 

Leader  :  What  separated  the  world  from  its  Creator? 
Response  :  Rom.  v.  12. 
Leader:   What   do   the    Scriptures   saj  concerning   the 

condition  of  the  world? 
Response  :  Rom.  iii.  12-23. 

Leader  :  How  does  God  look  upon  his  lost  world? 
Response:  Isa.  Ixiii.  9;  Ezek.  xxxiii.  11. 
Song  of  Praise. 

Provision  God  Has  Made  to  Redee?n  the  Lost  World 

Leader  :  He  gave  his  Son. 

Congregation  :  John  iii.  IG. 

Leader  :  He  gave  his  Holy  Spirit — to  instruct. 

Congregation  :  John  xiv.  26. 

Leader  :  He  gave  his  Holy  Spirit — to  guide. 

Congregation  :  John  xvi.  13. 

Leader  :   He  gave  his  Spirit — to  help  in  praj'er. 

Congregation:  Rom.  viii.  26. 

Leader  :  He  gave  his  Spirit — to  produce  Christian  graces. 

Congregation  :  Gal.  v.  22. 

Leader  :  For  what  is  the  Scripture  profitable? 

Congregation  :  U.  Tim.  iii.  16,  17. 

Promise  of  Pardon  a7td  Redemption 

Leader  :  Isa.  Iv.  7. 
Response  :  Isa.  xliii.  25. 
Leader  :  Micah  vii.  18. 
Response  :  Micah  vii.  19. 

Our  Part  in  the  World's  Redemption 

Leader  :  "  Go  !  "  Mark  xvi.  15. 

Response  :  Matt,  xxviii.  20. 

Leader:  "Publish"  (or  "Preach"),  Isa.  Hi,  7. 

Response  :  Matt.  xxiv.  14. 

Leader:  "  Pray,"  Ps.  ii.  8. 


196  The  King's  Business 

Response  :  Ps.  Ixvii.  1,  2. 

Leader:  "  Give,"  Luke  vi.  38. 

Response  ;  Matt.  x.  8. 

Leader:   "Give  Tithes,"  Mai.  iii.  10. 

Response  :  Mai.  iii.  12. 

Leader:  "Give  Offerings."  God's  Invitation,  II.  Chron. 

xxix.  31;  I.  Chron.  xvi.  29. 
Response  :  Ps.  Ixvi.  13. 
Presentation  of  offerings  while  singing. 
Consecration  Prayer. 

PROGRAMS  ON  REI^ATION  OF  BIBLE 
AND  PRAYER  TO  MISSIONS 

XIX 
THE   BIBLE   AS   A  TEXT-BOOK   OF   MISSIONS 

Prepared  by  Miss  Grace  Lindley,  Woman's  Auxiliary,  Protes- 
tant Episcopal  Church. 

The  Story  of  the  King  and  the  Kingdom 

{Text-book^  St.  Matthew'' s  Gospel) 

Business  Session.      (15  minutes.) 

Opening  of  meeting  bj  the  leader.     (10  minutes.) 

Read  Matt,  xxviii.  16-20. 

Prayer. 

Statement  of  aim  for  meeting.  The  words  read  suggest 
the  authority  of  the  speaker.  The  meeting  is  to 
talk  about  the  One  who  gave  the  command  and  the 
meaning  of  that  commission. 

Paper :  The  Preparation  of  the  World  for  the  King's  Ad- 
vent and  the  King's  Preparation  for  His  Work, 
Matt.  i.  1-4,  16.      (5  minutes.) 

Discussion  of  question  why  this  was  "  the  fullness  of  the 
time."      (5  minutes.) 

Paper:  The  Kingdom  Which  He  Proclaimed,  Matt, 
v.-vii.     (5  minutes.) 

Discussion  :  The  Characteristics  of  the  Kingdom.  (10 
minutes.) 


Program  Suggestions  197 

Paper:  The   Campaign,  Matt,  vi.-xvi.  20.      (.5  minutes.) 

Discussion  on  what  we  consider  the  most  important  re- 
sults of  the  campaign.     (10  minutes.) 

Paper  :  Holj  Week  and  the  Resurrection ,  Matt,  xxi.-xxviii. 
(.5  minutes.) 

Discussion  :  The  Ultimate  Establishment  of  the  King- 
dom, and  What  We  Can  Do  to  Hasten  That  Time. 
(10  minutes.) 

Closing  remarks  of  leader.  1   .^^ 

^  y  (10  minutes.) 

Prayer.  i  ^  ' 

XX 

PRAYER  AND   MISSIONS— WHAT   IT   DOES 

FOR   US 

Prepared  by  Mrs.  Charlotte  E.  Vickers,  President,  Woman's 
Foreign  Missionary  Union  of  Friends  in  America. 

Bible  Message,  Eph.  iii.  14-21. 

Prayer  for  Our  Missionaries.     (By  name  as  far  as   pos- 
sible.) 
Hymn  :  "  What  a  friend  we  have  in  Jesus." 
Roll  Call :  Give  text  on  Prayer. 
Business. 
"  Some  Things  Prayer  Does  for  Us." 

1.  Transforms  our  lives  ;  Rom.  xii.  2;  Acts  ix.  11-20; 

"Prayer  and  Missions,"  pp.  11,  12,  13;  "Inter- 
cessory Foreign  Missionaries,"  pp.  6,  7. 

2.  Leads   into  service:  Acts  xi.  5-15;   "Prayer  and 

Missions,"  pp.  13,  14. 

3.  Gives  faith:  John  xvi.  23;  Mark  xi.  24;  "Prayer 

and  Missions,"  pp.  15,  16.  , 

4.  Gives  victory  :  Exod.  xvii.  10-15 ;  "  Life  of  Prayer," 

p.  19;  "  Prayer  and  Missions,"  pp.  18,  19. 

5.  Gives  joy:  John  xvi.  24;    "Intercessory  Foreign 

Missionaries,"  p.  15. 
Give  time  for  testimony  to  definite  personal  experiences 

in  answer  to  prayer. 
Prayer  :  That  we  may  recognize  our  responsibility. 


198  The  King's  Business 

XXI 

PRAYER   AND  MISSIONS— WHAT  IT  DOES  FOR 
THE   WORK 

Prepared  by  Mr.  W.  E.  Doughty,  Educational  Secretary,  Lay- 
men's Missionary  Movement. 

I.    Scripture  Lesson  :  Prayer  in  the  Teachings  of  Paul. 
Have  the  following  five  verses  memorized  by  five 
persons,  and  given  in   the  order  here  indicated. 
Primacy,  "  First  of  All,"  I.  Tim.  ii.  1. 
Inclusiveness,  "In  Everything,"  Phil.  iv.  6. 
Time,  "At  all  Seasons,"  Eph.  vi.  18. 
Place,  "In  Every  Place,"  I.  Tim.  ii.  8. 
Continuity,   "  Without  Ceasing,"  I.  Thess.  v.  17. 
Read   "Prayer  the   Supreme  Need,"    p.  2   and  the 
paragraph  at  the  top  of  p.  3. 

II.    Some  Things  Prayer  Does. 

"  What  Can  Prayer  Accomplish?"  pp.  2,  3. 
"  Prayer  for  Missions,"  pp.  7-18. 

1.  Opens  doors  :   "  Prayer  and  Missions,"  pp.  10-18; 

"  The  Life  of  Prayer,"  pp.  23-25. 

2.  Calls  forth  workers:  "The  Life  of  Prayer,"  pp. 

21,  22;  "Prayer  in  Relation  to  Missions,"  pp. 
11,  12. 

3.  Secures  money:   "Prayer  and  Missions,"  pp.  15, 

16  :  "  The  Life  of  Prayer,"  p.  17. 

4.  Develops  leaders:  "The  Life  of  Prayer,"  pp.  29, 

30.  . 

5.  Makes  success  possible:  "  Prayer  and  Missions," 

pp.  10,  11 ;   "  The  Life  of  Prayer,"  p.  25 

III.  Pause  for  prayer  at  the  close  of  each  sub-topic  under 

II,  suggesting  in  each  case  subjects  appropriate 
to  the  thought. 

IV.  Before   the  closing    prayer  call   special  attention  to 

the  "  Prayer  Cycle  "  ;  explain  its  use,  as  indicated 
on  p.  3,  and  urge  each  person  present  to  secure  a 
copy,  to  record  the  purpose  to  pray  on  p.  2,  and 
to  begin  at  once  a  new  devotion  to  intercession. 


Program  Suggestions  1^^ 

Materials  needed,  for  the  two  programs  above:  A 
packet  of  pamphlets  on  "  Prayer  and  Missions,"  25  cents. 
Laymen's  Missionary  Movement,  1  Madison  Ave.,  New 
York. 

PROGRAMS  FOR  SOCIAL  OCCASIONS 

To  be  used  at  parlor  meetings,  anniversaries,  rallies, 
acquaintance  days,  receptions  to  new  members. 

XXII 

A  MYSTERY   MEETING 

Prepared  by  Mrs.  R.  E,  Clark,  Editor  "The  Mystery  Box," 
"  Woman's  Missionary  Friend  "    (of  Boston,  Mass."). 

Note. — The  Mystery  Box  is  a  series  of  questions  so  prepared  as 
to  stimulate  curiosity.  The  answers  to  all  are  found  in  issue  ot 
"Woman's  Missionary  Friend,"  just  preceding  that  in  which  ques. 
tions  are  printed. 

Devotions:  "  Understanding  all  Mysteries,"  what  then  ? 

I.  Cor.  xiii. 
Roll  Call :  Cablegrams  from  Mission  Fields. 
A  Mystery  Explained :    Where  our  Money  Goes.     The 

Treasurer. 

The  Story-tellers'  Hour.     Five  Ladies. 


How 

Missions 
Have 

Changed 

the  World 


In  China, 
Japan, 
India, 
Africa, 
Islands  of  the  Sea. 


Round  Table  Talk  :   How  I  Became  Interested  in  Missions, 

led  by . 

Collection  :  Give  yourselves   a  happy  surprise   by  being 

inore  generous  than  usual. 
Refreshments :  A  mystery. 
A  great  unanswerable   mystery  :  How  Christian  women 

can  resist  the  joy  of  being  in  the  world's  battle  line 

for  missions. 
Our  Duty,  no  Mystery :   "  Go  ye." 


200  The  King's  Business 

"The  Mystery  Box" 

"All  vacant  space  through  the  city  used  for  graves; 
•where?"  Answered  in  "Woman's  Missionary 
Friend,"  October,  1912. 

"Rose  up  as  the  cover  of  the  coffin  was  slid  off";  ex- 
plain.    "  Friend,"  November,  1912. 

"  What  five  things  only  count  in  Heaven?"  "  Friend," 
December,  1912. 

"What  terse  reply  did  a  famous  British  general  make 
when  asked  if  he  believed  in  foreign  missions?" 
"  Friend,"  December,  1912. 

The  Mystery  Box  has  been  used  in  a  great  many  ways ; 
among  them,  an  "old-fashioned  spell  down";  a 
game;  a  hunting  bee;  a  cobweb;  a  silver  and  gold 
contest,  covering  a  year's  time,  and  closing  with  a 
banquet,  to  be  given  by  the  defeated  side. 

XXIII 
A   BOOK   MEETING 

Prepared  by  Mrs.  R.  H.  Pooley,  Woman's  Foreign  Missionary 
Society,  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

"In    proportion    as    society  refines,  n3w  books  must 

ever  become  more  necessary." — Goldsmith. 

Subject  for  Prayer  Service :  "A  good  book  is  the  precious 
lifeblood  of  a  master  spirit." — Milton.  (10 
minutes.) 

Reading  of  Minutes.  Report  of  Treasurer,  Correspond- 
ing Secretary  and  other  officers  and  committees. 
New  Business.     Collection.     (20  minutes.) 

Program:    "Bring  with  Thee — the  Books," 

II.  Tim.  iv.  13 
Subject^  '■'■China's  Neiv  Day''* 
Have  twelve  women,  each,  book  in   hand,  speak  2  min- 
utes, answering  the  following  questions  : — 


Program  Suggestions  201 

Is  this  book  one  of  a  series?  why?  Who  publishes, 
and  why?  Is  there  a  reason  for  color  of  bind- 
ing? Price  and  profit?  Will  it  sell,  and  why? 
Text-book  or  story?  Does  this  book  meet  a 
need?  Are  any  of  the  illustrations  yours?  Is 
the  name  appropriate?  Choose  a  better.  Who 
is  the  author?  Why  chosen?  Do  you  use  the 
index,  and  why?      (25  minutes.)  ( 

Compare  the  various  printed  reviews  with  your  own 
estimate  of  its  value.     (10  minutes.) 

Tell  ten  striking  facts  found  in  this  book.     (10  minutes.) 

Introduce  as  special  guests  the  writers  of  your  com- 
munity. 

If  any  music  composers,  have  a  selection  from  the  person 
or  their  works. 

Introduce  the  guest  of  the  day,  decorated  with  hat,  apron 
or  dress,  or  all  made  from  illustrated,  printed 
matter,  advertising  the  book. 

Present  missionaries,  new  members,  etc. 

Closing  Song  and  Prayer,  that  the  women  may  read  the 
books  worth  while.      (15  minutes.) 

Note. — The  entire  time  of  program  could  be  given  to  ten  women, 
each  impersonating  the  author  of  a  book  chosen  from  the  bibliog- 
raphy, presenting  the  special  strength  of  each;  /.  ^.,  Miss  Margaret 
Burton,  author  of  "  The  Education  of  Women  in  China." 

XXIV 
A  GUEST  MEETING 

Prepared  by  Mrs.  Andrew  McLeish,  President,  Woman's  Bap- 
tist Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the  West. 

Guests — The  Local  Woman's  Club. 

Object — To  show  the  similarity  between  the  efforts  of 
Missionaries  for  Social  Betterment  and  those  of  Women's 
Clubs. 

Scripture  Reading:  Luke  x.  25-37;  Matt.  xxii.  34-4Q* 
Every  Mission  Station  a  Social  Settlement. 
Missionaries  Everywhere  Leaders  in  Educatio^^ 


202  The  King's  Business 

Illustrations  :  G.  F.  Verbeck  in  Japan,  Timothy  Richards 
in  China. 
Industrial    Education    in    the    Orient,  a   product    of 

missions. 
The     Kindergarten    in    the     Orient,     a    product    of 
missions. 
Missionaries  the  Source  of  Relief  from  Physical  Suffering. 
A  day  in  a  mission  hospital. 
The    training     of     nurses,    a    direct    product    of 

missions. 
Christian  orphanages  established  by  missionaries. 
Famine  relief  largely  dispensed  by  missionaries. 
Social  and  Humanitarian  Standards  Set  by  Christianity. 


XXV 

A   DRAWING-ROOM   MEETING 

For  Women  Who  Know  Nothing  About  Missions 

Prepared  by  Mrs.  "Wallace  Radcliffe,  Washington,  D.  C, 

Place :  The  drawing-room  of  the  most  attractive  hostess 
in  the  town. 

Day  and  Hour:  One  that  does  not  conflict  with  a  regular 
appointment,  such  as  the  symphony,  club,  etc. 

Invitation:  Personal.  Mrs.  Perfect  Hostess  "at  home," 
to  meet  Mrs.  Eve  Angell  from  Thibet,  who  will 
speak  on  "The  Homes  of  Thibetan  Women." 

Hors  d'ceuvre:  Mrs.  Up-to-Date's  introduction  of  the 
Guest.  A  sparkling  Current  Event  affair  with  a 
touch  at  Child  Labor  in  Japan,  the  Chinese  Suf- 
fragette, the  Red  Cross  in  Turkey,  the  Russian 
Bear  and  the  Persian  Lamb,  etc.     (5  minutes.) 

Address  :  Mrs.  Eve  Angell,  a  real  missionary,  who  under- 
stands American  needs  as  well  as  Thibetan,  who 
talks  straight  to  woinen's  hearts,  has  a  sense  of 
humor  as  well  as  pathos,  and  knows  when  to  stop, 
without  being  stopped.      (30  minutes.) 


Program  Suggestions  203 

Close :  Mrs.  Ideal  on  the  one  enduring,  strength-giving 
motive  for  such  work  here  or  there,  and  a  five-sen- 
tence, tender,  personal  prayer.      (5  minutes.) 

Refres'hments :  Simple.  The  "last  cry,"  hov^ever,  and 
served  by  a  bunch  of  pretty  "  Buds." 

XXVI 
WOMAN'S   RIGHTS   AND   WOMAN'S   WRONGS 

Prepared  by  Helen  Barrett  Montgomery,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
To  be  presented  when  the  Suffrage  Club  has  been  in- 
vited to  be  the  guest  of  the  Woman's  Missionary  Society. 
I.     The  Appeal  of  the  Women. 

The  Hindu,  Moslem,  Chinese,  Korean  and  Japanese 
woman,  each   dressed  in  costume,  tells  briefly 
the  story  of  the  wrongs  of  her  countrywomen. 
(15  minutes.) 
II.     The  Answer  of  Religion. 

A  Buddhist  monk,  Hindu  priest,  Moslem  teacher, 
Confucian  scholar  each  tells  what  his  religion 
has  to  offer  to  women.      (20  minutes.) 

III.  The  Response  of  Christ. 

A  thoughtful  address  on  the  relation  of  Christ  and 
His  Gospel  to  woman  and  the  child.  (10 
minutes.) 

IV.  A  Great  Need  and  a  Supreme  Opportunity. 

The  number  and  needs  intellectual,  social  and  reli- 
gious   of    non-Christian    women,    shown    by 
charts  and  diagrams. 
The  response  of  Christian  women    shown   in  the 
same  way.      (15  minutes.) 
Material  for  this  chapter  may  be  found  in  leaflets  pub- 
lished by  many  Boards,  in  "  Western  Women  in  Eastern 
Lands,"    "The    Light   of   the   World,"    "China's   New 
Day."     The  pamphlets,  "  How  to  Use,"  written  to  accom- 
pany each  of  these  text-books,  have  a  wealth  of  material 
for  charts  and  diagrams. 


204  The  King's  Business 

PROGRAMS  FOR  CHILDREN'S  WORK 

To  be  used  at  Baby  Band  Anniversary,  Junior  Auxiliary, 
Children's  Guest  Day,  etc. 

XXVII 
MISSIONS   FOR   LITTLE    FOLKS   AT   HOME 

Prepared  by  Mrs.  Henry  W.  Peabody,  Central  Committee  on 
United  Study  of  Foreign  Missions, 

Program  for  mothers  and  big  sisters,  with  suggestions 
for  grandmothers  and  aunts. 
Bible  Reading:  The  Story  of  Hannah. 
A  series  of  five-minute  talks  kept  strictly  to  time. 

1.  An  early  beginning.     Cradle   Roll  or  Baby  Band 

plans  ot  your  Board. 

2.  At  bed  time.     The  mother  as  story-teller.     Five- 

minute  story,  as  told  to  a  five-year-old  by  some 
one  w^ho  knows  how. 

3.  What  to  do  Sunday  afternoon  :  Reading  mission- 

ary book  or  magazine;  singing  missionary 
hymns ;  missionary  map  or  picture  puzzles, 
easily  made  by  pasting  pictures  on  cards  and 
cutting. 

4.  Missionary    Helps    for   Children    in    our   Sunday- 

school  library.  By  the  teacher  of  primary  or 
intermediate  class. 

5.  Rainy-day   pastimes:    Villages   of  M.   E.  M.   and 

sand  maps  in  Polly  Prim's  Plays.  (See 
"Everyland.") 

6.  The    mother's    responsibility   for   the    children's 

missionary  meeting  as  it  appears  to  the  Junior 
Band  leader. 

7.  Right     Giving— the     Thankful     Habit    and     the 

Thankful  Box. — Cyrus  Hamlin. 

8.  How  can  a  mother  learn  ? 

9.  How  should  a  mother  pray.'' 

10.  What  is  the  greatest  gift  a  mother  can  give.'*. 


Program  Suggestions  205 

XXVIII 
MISSIONARY    STORY-TELLING 

Prepared  by  Miss  Susan  Mendenhall,  Assistant  Secretary, 
Missionary  Education  Movement. 

A  program  for  mothers,  teachers  and  librarians. 

The  basis  for  this  program  is  found  in  "  Stories  and 
Story  Telling,"  St.  John,  Pilgrim  Press,  50  cents,  and 
the  chapter  references  given  below  are  to  that  book.  For 
further  reading  consult  bibliography  in  "  Stories  and 
Story  Telling  "  and  a  public  library. 

Topics  for  Papers 
I.     The  Story  and  Its  Value,  Chapters  I,  II,  St.  John. 
II.     Learning  to  Tell  a  Story,  Chapters  V,  VII. 

III.  The  Story  Interests  of   Boys  and  Girls,  Chapters 

VIII-X. 

IV.  Missionary  Stories  and  Where  to  Find  Them  :  Con- 

sult missionary  biographies;  "  Everyland  "  ; 
"The  Romance  of  Missionary  Heroism,"  Lam- 
bert. 

V.  A  Story  :  Livingstone  and  the  Lion,  "  Livingstone's 
Journals  "  ;  or  Sinking  the  Well,  "  Autobiography 
John  G.  Paton,"  Part  II,  pp.  176-192. 

XXIX 

CHILD  WELFARE  IN  OTHER  LANDS 

Prepared  by  Mrs.  H.  A.  Lavell,  Woman's  Missionary  Society, 
]\Iethodist  Church,  Canada. 

"  The  childhood  of  to-day  is  the  nation  of  to-morrow." 
I.     Devotional  Exercises. 

a.  Hymn  :   "  There's  a  Friend  for  little  children." 

b.  Scripture   Lesson  :    A  Tribute   to   Childhood, 

Matt,  xviii.  2-6 ;   Mark  x.  13-16. 

c.  Prayer. 

II.     Minutes  and  Business. 


206  The  King's  Business 


III.  Hjmn  :  "Around  the  throne  of  God  in  Heaven. V' 

IV.  Reading:  "The  Crj  of  the  Children,"  Elizabeth 

Barrett  Browning. 

V.     Solo:  "  Children  of  the  City."      (Adams.) 

VI.     Five-minute  papers  on 

a.  Children  in  Telugu  Land  (see  "  Child  Life  in 

Many  Lands,"  H.  Clay  Trumbull,  D.D.). 

b.  Child    Life   in    Mexico    (see    "  Child   Life    in 

Many  Lands,"  H.  Clay  Trumbull,  D.D.) . 

c.  The  Little  Karens  of  Burma  (see  "  Child  Life 

in  Many  Lands,"  H.  Clay  Trumbull,  D.D.). 

d.  Child  Life  in  Madagascar  (see  "  Child  Life  in 

Many  Lands,"  H.  Clay  Trumbull,  D.D.). 

e.  Little   Boy  Blue  and   His   Sister  (see  "  China 

for  Juniors,"  Chapters  V,  VI  and  VII). 

f.  African  Children  (see  leaflet,  "  Home  Life  in 

Africa"  and  "Africa  for  Juniors,"  Chapter 
VII). 
VII.     Hymn  :  "When  His  salvation  bringing." 

VIII.     Sentence  Prayers  for  the  Children  of  All  Lands. 
Benediction. 

XXX 

CHILDREN'S    GUEST   DAY 

Prepared  by  Mrs.  Delphine  B.  Wells,  Chicago,  Hi.,  Lecturer 
and  Teacher  of  Mission  Study  Classes. 

Topic  :  Child  Life  Abroad 

1.  Older  people  seated,  reserving  front  seats  for  children. 

Entrance  of  Boy  Scouts,  marching  to  "Onward 
Christian  Soldiers!"  Stand  "at  attention"  in 
double  row,  between  which  ranks  pass  other  Junior 
societies  and  bands  which  are  seated  in  front,  then 
the  Scouts  are  seated. 

2.  Hymn  and  Prayer. 
8.  Child  Life  in  China. 


Program  Suggestions  207 

Presented  by  illustration,  pictures,  pantomime  and 
description. 

4.  Song  by  the  younger  children. 

5.  Child  Life  in  India. 

Presented  by  a  talk  between  mother  and  child. 

6.  A  Story,  by  the  Story-Ladj^ 

7.  Music,  by  the  Juvenile  Orchestra. 

8.  Child  Life  in  Japan. 

Presented  by  a  Japanese  kindergarten.  Let  the  kin- 
dergartners  distribute  souvenirs  of  Japanese  colored 
postal  cards. 

9.  A  brief  Talk  by  the  pastor  on  "  Go  ye  !  give  ye !  pray 

ye!" 

10.  Everybody  sing:   "  Work,  for  the  night  is  coming." 

PROGRAMS   FOR   YOUNG   WOMEN 
XXXI 

WHY   SHOULD   I   BE    INTERESTED   IN  MY 

WOMAN'S   BOARD? 

A  Meeting  for  Young  Women 

Prepared  by  Mrs.  Dw^ght  E.  Potter,  Student  Secretary,  Pres- 
byterian Women's  Home  and  Foreign  Mission  Boards. 

Opening  Service :   Hymn.     II.    Cor.  viii.   1-7.     The   Fel- 

low^ship  of  the  Ministry.     Prayer. 
Business.     Reports.     Announcements. 

I.     What  my  Board  is  doing  commands  my  intelligent 
respect. 

1.  Map  talk  :  The  Circumference  of  Influence. 

(On  a  map  of  the  world  show  with  stars  the  sta- 
tions in  which  the  Boai'd  has  work.  Explain 
characteristics  and  customs  of  the  people.) 

2.  Biographical  snapshots  :  The  Radii ;  the  Mission- 

aries supported  by  my  Board. 

3.  Three-minute  talk:    The   Center;    Headquarters 

of  my  Board ;  the  Staff ;  the  Work. 


208  The  King's  Business 

II.     What  mv  Board  might  do  demands  my  enthusiastic 
co-operation. 

1.  Talk:     How    many  young   women   of    my    de- 

nomination should  help  to  do  the  work  of 
my  Board?  Where  are  they?  What  are  the^- 
doing? 

2.  Discussion:      How    can    we    weld     the     young 

women  of  my  church  into  a  working  force  ? 

3.  Presentation  of  a  policy  for  my  society  in  1913. 
Hymn.     Benediction. 

XXXII 

A   MEETING   FOR  YOUNG    COLLEGE   WOMEN 

Prepared  by   Mrs.  Robert  E.  Speer,  Chairman  Student  Com- 
mittee, National  Board  Young-  Women's  Christian  Association. 

Let  the  leader  be  familiar  with  Chapter  VI  in  Josiah 
Rojxe's  "  Philosophy  of  Loyalty." 

Subject,  "Loyalty's  Opportunity" 

Hymn  of  Praise  :  "  Ancient  of  Days." 

Bible  Reading :  John  xv.  1-16,  with  brief  comment. 
Quote  E.  H.  King's  ''Ugo  Bassi  " ;  "The  Vine 
from  Every  Living  Limb  Bleeds  Wine."  (See 
"  Sermon  in  the  Hospital.") 

Prayers  :  That  we  may  realize  the  glory  of  the  Vine,  and 
be  living  branches,  not  lifeless  wood. 

Minutes.  Notices.  Business.  Contingent  Fund  Col- 
lection. 

Hymn  of  Supplication  :  "I  could  not  do  without  Thee." 

Paper :  The  Founders  of  Our  Church.  (Material  in 
Chapter  I,  Fiske's  "  Beginnings  of  New  England.") 

Paper:  Devotion  to  Truth.  Material  in  Green's 
"  Short  History  of  the  English  People."  See 
Colet,  Wyclif,  Erasmus,  More,  Latimer.) 

Paper:  The  Martyr  Spirit  To-day.  China,  Persia, 
India. 


Program  Suggestions  209 

Brief  Talk  bj  leader  on  "Our  Duty  to  Make  the  Past 
a  Success "  (the  Church  dependent  on  each  of 
us),  ends  by  reading  Henry  Newbolt^s  '■'•Vitat 
Lampada^''''  or  Clough's  "  Say  Not  the  Struggle 
Naught  Availeth." 

Closing  Hymn  :  "  Lead  on,  O  King  eternal." 

The  Lord's  Prayer. 

Hymns  can  be  found  in  "The  American  Hymnal," 
Century  Co. 

Time  :  one  hour.  If  papers  are  long,  one  and  one-half 
hours. 

XXXIII 
THE   UNITY   OF   CHRISTIAN    SERVICE 
A  Self-Improvement  Meeting  for  Girls 

Prepared  by  Miss  Sarah  Van  Gundy,  Secretary  Mission  Study, 
Woman's  Missionary  Society,  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church. 

"  Grant  that  we  may  in  all  things  obey  Thy  blessed  will." 
Suppose  it  had  been  a  young  woman  of  the  twentieth 
century  who  came  to  our  blessed  Lord,  saying,  "What 
shall  I  do?  "  Suppose  that  the  young  woman  were  you. 
(This  program  is  designed  to  be  used  at  a  general 
meeting,  where  enthusiasm  is  to  be  aroused  for  a  season's 
good  work.  It  is  framed  with  the  hope  of  interesting  the 
indolent,  cheering  the  faithful,  and  of  giving  to  all  young 
girls  a  fuller  understanding  that  missionary  enterprise 
has  its  seat  deep  in  their  daily  life,  and  advances  in  ever- 
widening  circles.) 

«I.     The  Service  of  Every  Day. 

How  may  a  girl  be  an   ideal  inember  of   her  com- 
munity.'' 

1.  By  the  cultivation  of  reverence 

a.  In  church. 

b.  In  her  reading. 

c.  In  her  conversation. 

2.  By  the  exercise  of  good  will 

a.  Toward  her  neighbors. 

b.  Toward  assigned  tasks. 


210  The  King's  Business 

II.     The  Relation  of  the  Girl  to  Outside  Interests. 
How  may  she  be  of  use  to  her  neighbors? 

1.  Bj  thoughtful  courtesy. 

2.  By  aiding  such  organizations  as 

The  Consumers'  League. 
The  Red  Cross  Society. 
The  Christian  Association. 

III.     The  Personal  Relation  of  the  Girl  to  the  Church. 

1.  For  her  own  development 

a.  By  Bible  study. 

b.  By  the  mission  study  class. 

c.  By   the    summer    conference    for   Christian 

work. 

2.  For  the  help  of  others 

a.  In  the  Sunday  School. 

b.  In  young  people''s  societies. 

c.  In  the  mission  society. 

This  program  presupposes  a  bright  leader  and  an  eager 
commvinity;  it  demands  free  discussion,  with  titne  limit 
to  even  the  brightest  talk,  and  it  reaches  its  application 
in  the  words,  "  Go  thou." 

XXXIV 

SHOULD    I   BE   A   MISSIONARY? 

Prepared  by  Mr.  J.  Lovell  Murray,  Educational  Secretary, 
Student  Volunteer  Movement. 

For  suggestions  for  development  of  program,  address 
600  Lexington  Ave.,  New  York  City. 

A  missionary  map  of  the  world  should  be  on  the  wall. 
Ample    time    should   be   devoted   to    prayer   at    different 
stages  of  the  program. 
Scripture  :  Isa.  vi.  1-8. 

I.     The  Call  for  Workers. 

1.  Call  of  the  mission  field.    («)  The  need;   {b~)  the 
supply   of    workers.       (See   Doughty's    "  The 


Program  Suggestions  211 


Call  of  the  World";  also  Eddy's  "The  Su- 
preme Decision."  Striking  charts  may  be 
prepared  to  illustrate  the  situation.) 
2.  Call  of  the  Church.  (See  Lists  of  Needs  of  the 
Boards,  prepared  by  the  Student  Volunteer 
Movement.)     Great  variety  of  talents  needed. 

II.     Who  is  to  Answer  the  Call? 

Those  who  are  (or  could  become)  free  to  go  and 
qualified  to  serve.  (a)  Hindrances  (distin- 
guishing from  difficulties);  e.g:,  health,  age, 
home  obligations,  etc.  {d)  Qiialifications  re- 
quired: physical,  intellectual,  temperamental, 
spiritual.  (See  Brown's  "The  Foreign  Mis- 
sionary," Chapter  IV;  also  Zwemer's  "The 
Message  and  the  Man.") 

III.  What  Constitutes  an  Individual  Call.? 

Assumption  that  those  able  and  willing  to  go 
should  look  for  special  indications  that  they 
should  stay  at  home  rather  than  vice  versa. 
Quote  Keith  Falconer's  familiar  statement, 
"While  vast  continents,"  etc.  (See  pamphlet 
"What  Constitutes  a  Missionary  Call?"  by 
Robert  E.  Speer.) 

IV.  Should  I  Decide  to  Answer  the  Call? 

1.  Necessity  of  making  the  matter  personal,  and 

thinking  to  a  conclusion.  Otherwise  I  shall 
automatically  stay  at  home,  and  may  miss 
God's  plan  for  me,  and  lose  in  spiritual  power. 
"  Here  am  I.  Send  me."  Distinguish  between 
a  willingness  and  a  purpose. 

2.  Dangers  to  be  avoided:  Decision  should  not  be 

(a)  ignorant;  (<^)  hasty;  (c)  emotional 
(merely) ;     {d)   result    of    human    persuasion. 

3.  The  safe  procedure  :   {a)  Surrender  unreservedly 

to  God's  will;  (d)  get  in  the  evidence,  study 
missions;     (c)   pray  for   laborers;    (^)    Look 


212  The  King's  Business 

eagerly  for  indications  of  God's  leading,  and 
take  each  step  fearlessly  as  light  comes,  pray- 
ing always  for  guidance. 

V.  Brief  statement  by  a  returned  missionary  or  Student 
Volunteer :  Why  I  decided  to  be  a  foreign 
missionary. 

Prayer  that  everyone  of  our  own  number  whom  God  is 
calling  may  listen  for  His  voice,  and  make  a 
loyal  response. 

XXXV 

"WHY    SHOULD    MY   DAUGHTER   BE   A 
MISSIONARY?" 

A  Meeting  for  Mothers 

Prepared  by  Mr.  Fennell   P.  Turner,  General  Secretary,  Stu- 
dent Volunteer  Movement. 

1.  Opening  Hymn  :  "  Hasten,  Lord,  the  glorious  time." 

2.  Scripture  Reading:  John  iii.  16;  I.  John  iv.  7-13. 

3.  Hymn:  "  I  gave  my  life  for  thee." 

4.  Talk  or  paper  on   IV/iy  should  ajiy  jnotker^s  daughter 

go  as  aforeig7i  missionary?     (10  minutes.) 
Brief  statement  of  conditions  in  mission  fields  w'hich 
make  it  necessary  to  send  women  missionaries, 
teachers,  physicians,  evangelists,  wives. 

5.  Talk  or  paper  on   What  some   mothers''  daughters  are 

doing  at  the  presejit  time  on  the  mission  field. 
(10  minutes.) 

Brief  statement,  giving  facts  concerning  numbers  of 
women  at  w^ork  in  various  parts  of  the  non- 
Christian  world. 

Also  some  of  the  results  of  women's  work. 

(A  chart  to  be  hung  on  the  wall  might  be  made  to 
show  graphically  the   distribution    of   women 
missionaries  in  all  parts  of  the  world.) 
0.  Prayer  of  Praise  for  what  has  been  accomplished. 


Program  Suggestions  213 

7.  Talk  or  paper  on  The  preseiit  call  for  some  mothers'' 

daughters.      (10  minutes.) 

Brief  statement,  showing  present  demand  for  women 
missionaries.  (See  "List  of  Needs,"  issued 
bj  the  Student  Volunteer  Movement.)  Also 
give  full  statement  of  present  call  of  jour  own 
Board  for  women. 

(A  chart  might  be  made  showing  number  of  women 
needed  for  various  forms  of  service  in  different 
parts  of  the  world,  using  material  in  "List  of 
Needs.") 

8.  Scripture  :  Matthew  ix.  35-38. 
<J.  Prayer  for  laborers. 

To  be  participated  in  by  as  many  of  those  present  as 
possible. 
10.   Suggestions  for  meditation  or  discussion. 

a.  "If  the  work  in  the  mission  field  requires  some 

mothers'  daughters,  why  not  my  daughter?" 

b.  Have  I   the  right  to  withhold  my  daughter  from 

the  mission  field  if  God  has  called  her  to  that 
work } 

c.  Of  what  avail  is   my  prayer  for  laborers,  if  I  am 

unwilling  to  give    my  own  daughter  to   help 
answer  my  prayer.'' 

d.  How  can   I  test  the  will  of   God  in  this  matter.? 

Consider  the  following  personal  questions  : — 

(1)  Am  I  dependent  on  my  daughter  for  financial 

support  .f* 

(2)  Is  my  health  such  that  my  daughter  "is  needed 
to  care  for  me  .^ 

(3)  Would  I  be  willing  to  give  her  up  to  go  as  the 
wife  of  a  successful  business  or  professional 
man,  or  of  a  diplomat,  even  if  this  took  her  to 
a  mission  field.'' 

e.  Spiritual  disaster  to  those  who  hinder  or  prevent 

the  carrying  out  of  God's  will. 

f.  Spiritual  blessings,  which  come  both  to  mother 

^nd  daughter  when  Qod's  will  is  donct 


214  The  King's  Business 

11.  Read  or  sing  the  hymn  :  "  Thj  will  be  done.'" 

12.  Closing  Prayer. 

Suggested  Materials:  Brown's  "The  Foreign  Mis- 
sionary"; Mrs.  Thurston's  "  The  College  Woman's  Op- 
portunity"; "The  Need  of  Workers";  "The  World 
Atlas  of  Christian  Missions  "  (for  statistics)  ;  "  The  En- 
cyclopedia of  Missions  "  (revised  edition).  See  articles  on 
"Womanhood";  on  "Woman's  Work  for  Women." 
Speer's  "  What  Constitutes  a  Missionary  Call  "  ;  Eddy's 
"The  Supreme  Decision " ;  Warneck's  "Prayer  for  Mis- 
sions"; Speer's  "Prayer  and  Missions";  Wright's 
"  Secret  Prayer  a  Great  Reality"  ;  Street's  "  Intercessory 
Foreign  Missionaries." 

Biographies  of  missionaries  will  also  afford  much  ma- 
terial. Consult  lives  of  such  workers  as  Robert  and 
Mary  Moffett,  Isabella  Thoburn,  Clara  Swain. 


CHAPTER   V. 


■^CV 


^ 


ALTAR  if  SMWriCE 


THE    KING'S    TREASURY 


OUTLINE    OF   CHAPTER   V 

Aim:  To  show  that  a  sense  of  the  stewardship  of  life 
involves  a  realization  of  the  power  of  prajer  and  of  God's 
primary  claim  upon  our  money,  our  service,  our  person- 
ality, upon  life  itself. 

I.     Channel  of  Self-expression  in  Service  :  Prayer. 

II.     A  Program  of  Prayer  for  the  Woman's  Missionary 
Society. 

1.  Education  for  Prayer. 

(1)  General. 

(2)  Specific. 
Its  Teachings. 

(a)  The  value  of  prayer  as  a  personal  resource  ; 

(3)  the    meaning    of     intercessory    prayer; 

(c)  the  results  of  prayer. 
Its  Method, 
{a)  Public    instruction;     (b)    private    reading 

and  study. 

2.  The  Practice  of  Prayer. 

(1)  Aids  to  private  prayer. 

(a)  Observance  of  a  stated  time;  {b)  special 
seasons;  (c)  forms  of  prayer;  {d)  use  of 
prayer  calendars  and  cycles ;  {e)  definite 
prayer  for  individual  missionaries. 

(2)  Prayer  circles  and  bands. 

(3)  The  devotional  service  in  the  regular  meeting. 

III.  Channel  of  Self-expression  in  Service  :  Money. 

IV.  A  Program  of  Education  Concerning  Stewardship. 

1.  General. 

2.  Specific. 

(1)  The  power  of  money. 

(2)  The  stewardship  of  money. 

(3)  Loyalty  to  established  agencies. 

(a)  Facts;  {b)  method;  (c)  the  budget;  (</) 
apportionments;  (e)  regular  work ;  (/)  spe- 
cific work  ;   (^g)  special  gifts. 

V.     A  Program  of  Effort  Concerning  Stewardship. 

1.  Study  of  field. 

2.  Preparation  and  presentation  of  budget. 

3.  Collection,  care  and  disbursement  of  funds. 

VI.     Channel  of  Self-expression  in  Service:  Personality. 


CHAPTER  V 


THE    KING  S    TREASURY 


Education  a 

Twofold 

Process. 


Giving  as  well 
as  Receiving. 


Channels  of 
Service : 
I.  Prayer. 


We  emphasize  education  in  missions  as  if  it 
were  the  one  essential,  because,  where  it  is  lack- 
ing, prayerlessness  and  powerlessness  in  service 
for  the  world-wide  conquest  of  our  King  are 
found.  But  education  is  a  twofold  process.  It 
is  not  simply  an  act  of  pouring  in  information, 
with  no  volition  on  the  part  of  the  receptacle, 
else  it  might  be  stereotyped  and  repeated  indefi- 
nitely. 

The  life  with  no  inlet  is  always  empty.  The 
life  with  no  outlet  is  stagnation;  it  is  its  over- 
flow that  determines  the  depth  of  its  infilling. 
Intelligence  that  does  not  express  itself  in  active 
service  is  really  a  form  of  self-indulgence.  True 
education  involves  also  the  response  of  the  recip- 
ient in  a  self-dedication  that  recognizes  in  every 
enlarging,  enriching  influence  a  call  of  God  to 
coin  the  new  experience  into  gold,  and  pour  it 
into  his  treasury  in  gifts  of  life  and  love. 

There  are  three  channels  for  self-expression  in 
service:  prayer,  money  and  personality,  and  of 
these  prayer  is  by  far  the  most  important.  The 
missionary  enterprise  was  born  in  prayer. 
Every  forward  movement  has  been  the  result  of 
prayer.      Its  ultimate  victory  is  absolutely  depen- 


The  King's  Treasury  217 

dent  on  prayer.  Through  prayer  it  is  possible 
for  the  Christian  Church  to  unlock  doors,  remove 
barriers  of  opposition  and  persecution,  thrust 
l'a«borers  into  unopened  fields,  secure  money  to 
equip  them  and  to  expand  their  service,  qualify 
leaders  both  at  home  and  abroad,  rescue  them 
from  hardship  and  peril,  sustain  them  in  loneli- 
ness and  w^eakness,  multiply  the  results  of  falter- 
ing efforts,  and  bring  final  conquest  for  the 
forces  of  life  and  light.  No  fact  is  more  univer- 
sally acknowledged  by  the  followers  of  Christ, 
nor  more  universally  ignored.  Thousands  of 
voices  unhesitatingly  assent;  yet  thousands  of 
lips  are  dumb  and  hearts  are  cold.  It  is  so  much 
easier  to  work  than  to  pray  that  we  busy  our- 
selves with  our  small  and  often  futile  activities, 
while  this  great,  unused  power  lies  idle  in  our  . 
hands. 

The  neglect  has  been  due  partly  to  the  lack  of  Causes  for 
a  living  realization  of  the  power  of  prayer,  and   Neglect  of 
partly  to  a  feeling  that   in  the  realm  of  spiritual   ^^^^^^ 
and   intangible  things,  a  mechanical  system  is  an 
intrusion  and   that  the  spirit   of   God  must  work 
unhindered  with   the  individual  soul.      But  more 
and  more  we  have  come  to  realize  that  the  most 
p'owerful,  the   holiest,  the  most    difficult   service 
God  asks  of  us  demands  an  equal  degree  of  prep- 
aration, concentration   and  perseverance,  and  that 
if  prayer   is  really  to  become   the  passion  of  our 
hearts,  the  vision  of   its  power  must  possess   our 
intellects  and  our  wills. 


218 


The  King's  Business 


Prayer  in  the 
Plans  of  tlie 
Missionary 
Society. 


A  Program 
of  Prayer. 


How  this  purpose  is  to  be  accomplished  in  the 
missionary  society  may  well  be  made  the  subject 
of  united  thought  and  investigation.  The  Execu- 
tive Committee  that  does  not  make  a  careful  study 
of  the  place  and  power  of  prayer  in  the  economy 
of  its  society,  but  leaves  its  development  to 
chance,  or  the  co-operation  of  other  influences  in 
the  church,  cannot  hope  to  be  an  actual  spiritual 
force  in  the  lives  of  its  members.  Any  policy 
that  provides  for  extension  of  membership,  for 
broad  education,  for  financial  enlargement,  and 
does  not  include  a  definite,  practical  program  of 
prayer  is  useless  and  worse  than  useless;  because 
we  may  trick  ourselves  by  a  semblance  of  activity 
into  the  belief  that  we  are  really  busy  about  the 
Kmg's  business,  when  it  is  only  a  fumbling  effort 
to  carry  out  our  own  plans. 

The  policy  suggested  at  the  close  of  chapter 
third  thus  declares  its  purpose  regarding  prayer: 
"To  impress  the  power  of  definite  and  persistent 
prayer  in  public  and  in  private;  to  form  prayer 
circles  to  pray  for  special  needs  at  home  and 
abroad;  to  urge  the  use  of  prayer  calendars  and 
cycles  and  the  observance  of  a  specified  hour  for 
prayer;  to  exalt  the  devotional  service  in  the 
regular  meeting. "  This  may  well  outline  the  plans 
of  an  Executive  Committee  regarding  the  pro- 
motion of  private  prayer,  the  number  of  prayer 
circles,  and  the  motive  and  management  of  the 
devotional  element  in  the  regular  meeting.  The 
execution  of    its   plans   might   be   entrusted   to   a 


PER  CAPITA  GIFTS  TO  FOREIGN  MISSIONS 


10 


11 


14 


15 


^^aia^am                  ^'  United  Presbyterian     -          -  $2.48 

2.  Reformed  in  America             -  1.77 

i^BHHHM                     3.  Presbyterian  (Soutb)    -          -  1.60 

4.  Advent         _          _          _          -  1.39 

5.  Congregational     -          -          -  .98 
^^                             6.  Presbyterian  (North)  -          -  .98 

7.  Presbyterian  (Canada)             -  .85 

^^                              8.  Protestant  Episcopal      -          -  .79 

9.  Methodist  Episcopal  (North)  .69 

12     ■■■■■■^■■■a                                    10.  Methodist  Episcopal  (Canada)  .63 

11.  Baptist  (North)              -          -  .61 

^^     """^"^                                       12.  Methodist  Episcopal  (South)  .46 

13.  Disciples      -          -          -          -  .40 

14.  Reformed  in  United  States   -  .36 

15.  United  Brethren             -          -  .35 

16.  Lutheran  (General  Synod)    -  .12 


Per   Capita   Expenditure   at  Moving  Picture   Sho-ws  in   1912 

In   One    American    City,    $5.85 

'Statistics  taken  from  Reports  o£  the  Layman's  Missionary  Movement,  and  of  tbs 
Edinburgh  Conference,  1910. 


EPT 

A 
D 

BFB 


\ 


The  Ring*s  Treasury  ^1^ 

committee  of  which  one  member  would  be  respon- 
sible for  the  devotional  service  in  the  meetings, 
one  would  be  the  leader  of  prayer  circles,  and 
another  would  have  charge  of  the  literature  on 
prayer. 

How  shall  the  missionary  society  develop  in  its 
membership  the  desire  and  the  power  of  prayer? 
It  may  attempt  it  (1)  by  education  for  prayer, 
and  (2)  by  stimulating  the  practice  of  prayer. 

Education  for  prayer  must  be  both  general  and   Education  for 
specific.       Nothing   will    quicken   prayer   like   a   Prayer:  Both 
true    conception    of    the    hopeless    conditions    of   ^^^.^^  ^^ 
misery  and  pain  which  only  the  Gospel  of  Christ 
can  remedy;  but   this   realization   alone  will   not 
give     the     highest     efficiency.       There    must    be 
specific  education  in  prayer  which  must    include 
(a)  the   value   of  prayer  as   a  personal  resource,    (a)  Personal 
To    the    world,    even    to    the  large    majority    of   Petition. 
Christians,  prayer   is   no  more  than    a    personal 
source  of   power   and   strength.      Prayer   for   the 
daily  task,  for  power  against  temptation,  counsel 
in    doubt    or    difficulty,    strength     in    weakness, 
health,  wealth    or    happiness, — prayer    for    per- 
sonal, spiritual  growth,  that  from  the  secret  place 
with   Him  we  may  go  out  renewed  and  strong  in 
endurance,  to  live  the  common  life  and  make   it 
God-like    by    its   reflection   of   His    image,    such 
prayer  is  indeed  needed  and  blessed,  but  it  alone 
does  not  fulfill  prayer's  highest   office.      It   is  so 
much  easier  to  ask  for  ourselves  than  for  others 
that  we  cannot  ask  for  them  with  fervor  until  we 


220  The  King's  Business 

have  learned  to  pray  deeply  for  ourselves.  But 
until  our  prayers  have  looked  beyond  the  horizon 
of  our  own  interests,  we  have  not  caught  the 
vision  of  their  possible  power. 

(t)  Interces-         Intercessory  prayer  (d)  has  been  called  by  Dr. 

sory  Prayer,  j^  j  Q^y^^^  ^c^^e  cHmax  of  prayer."  Whether 
it  is  offered  for  the  one  nearest  us  or  for  the  wide 
world,  it  is  prayer  in  its  highest  form,  because 
in  just  so  much  as  it  partakes  of  the  selflessness 
of  Christ  it  shares  His  power  with  the  Father. 
When  we  can  learn  to  feel  the  need  of  the 
world  as  deeply  as  we  feel  our  own  in  times  of 
pain  or  peril,  when  we  can  realize  the  darkness 
of  a  soul  without  God,  when  we  can  seek  for 
others  who  are  bearing  crushing  burdens  the 
daily  strength  without  which  we  know  that  we 
ourselves  cannot  face  the  daily  tasks,  when  we 
can  in  spirit  lead  others  to  the  mount  of  vision 
that  has  been  the  place  of  our  own  renewal — then 
God's  work  will  be  done  in  lands  near  and  far, 
and  the  reflex  blessing  in  our  own  lives  will 
bring  a  deeper  joy  than  we  might  have  gained 
by  selfish  seeking.  The  missionary  society  can 
have  no  more  fruitful  ministry  to  the  women  of 
the  church  than  to  teach  them  the  meaning  of  in- 
tercession as   distinguished  from,  prayer  for  self. 

(c)  Results  (c)  The   Results   of   Prayer.     Intercession    for 

of  Prayer.  others  must  not  only  be  as  fervent  as  for  ourselves 
but  as  specific  and  expectant.  The  answered 
prayers  of  the  Bible  and  of  Christian  history  are 
a  glorious  cloud  of  witnesses  that  should  be  con- 


The  King's  Treasury  221 

stantly  summoned  for  the  strengthening  of  faith. 
Pastor  Gossner  "prayed  up  the  walls  of  a  hospital 
and  the  hearts  of  the  nurses,  prayed  mission 
stations  into  being  and  missionaries  into  faith, 
prayed  open  the  hearts  of  the  rich  and  gold  from 
the  most  distant  lands."  Hudson  Taylor,  him- 
self a  triumphant  example  of  the  victorious  power 
of  believing  praver,  was  commissioned  by  the 
petitions  of  godly  parents  as  a  messenger  of  life 
in  China  years  before  his  own  decision  was  made. 
Was  it  not  in  answer  to  the  prayers  of  Marianne 
Adlard  amid  the  vigils  of  pain  in  a  London  sick 
room  that  Dwight  L.  Moody  came  across  the  sea 
and  into  an  experience  in  soul-saving  that  was  the 
beginning  of  his  life  work  ?  The  prayers  of  saints 
have  ever  prepared  the  way  of  the  Lord,  His  path 
of  heavenly  light  through  darkened  human  history. 

The  records   of   answered   prayer  should   be  a   Used  in  the 
serial  story,  continued   from  month   to  month,  in   Missionary 
all   our  missionary  meetings.      Every  devotional   Meeting, 
service,  every  sentence  prayer  might  be  preceded 
by  a  brief  recital  of  the  answer  which  some  other 
prayer  has  found.    It  would  give  point  and  power 
to  each  petition,  if  those  who  prayed   were  thus 
led    confidently    to     expect    an    answer.      If    the 
precious   personal    experiences,  both    of   workers 
at  home  and  of   missionaries   on   the   field,  were 
forwarded  to  Board  headquarters,  a  list  might  be 
kept  constantly  that  would  become  a  rich  treasury 
of  testimonials  to  God's  daily  miracle  in  the  lives 
of  those  who  trust  Him. 


222  The  King's  Business 

Instances  of  Such    testimony    is    given    by    Miss    Gertrude 

Answered         Ryder  of  Japan  in  ''The  Helping  Hand,"  July, 
rayer  1912,  where  she  records  eleven   distinct   answers 

to  eleven  separate  prayers  in  eight  months.  Miss 
Jennie  V.  Hughes  in  "The  Woman's  Missionary 
Friend,"  October,  1911,  tells  the  beautiful  story 
of  frail  Anna  Stone,  the  sister  of  Dr.  Mary 
Stone,  who,  on  her  deathbed,  prayed  into  being 
the  Knowles  Bible  Training  School  at  Kiukiang, 
China,  dedicated  to  the  evangelization  of  the 
women  whom  it  was  her  dying  grief  to  leave 
without  a  teacher.  "Six  months  later  in  a  church 
in  Troy,  where  the  New  York  Branch  meeting 
was  being  held,  during  the  consecration  service 
when  the  treasurers  were  kneeling  together  with 
the  Branch  officers  asking  for  guidance  for  the 
appropriations,  the  thought  came  suddenly  with- 
out suggestion  from  another  to  erect  a  Bible 
training  school  for  women.  Months  afterward 
the  thought  grew  into  a  fixed  purpose,  and  no 
one  in  China  or  America  knew,  until  the  good 
news  was  sent  over  the  waters  to  Kiukiang,  of 
the  prayer  of  the  dying  Chinese  girl." 
How  a  Revi-  "The  Study,"  September,  1910,  contains  a 
val  Began.  marvelous  record  of  how  a  great  revival  in  China 
began  in  Texas.  "The  whole  Church  has  re- 
joiced over  the  great  revival  in  China.  It  came 
not  alone  by  the  toils  and  prayers  of  those  on  the 
field,  but  by  the  way  of  faith.  Dr.  Brewster 
says:  'As  far  as  we  could  see,  we  had  no  reason 
to  expect   a  revival.'      It   came    in  answer   to  the 


The  King*s  Treasury        *         22S 

prayers  of  two  people.  One  was  the  native 
pastor  appointed  to  the  Hinghua  Church,  who 
felt  the  burden  greater  than  he  could  bear.  The 
other  was  the  mother  of  a  missionary.  In  a 
Texas  town  a  saintly  woman,  aged  and  infirm, 
said,  as  her  loved  daughter  turned  her  face  again 
toward  China,  'I  can't  do  anything  else,  but  I 
am  going  to  pray  for  a  revival  in  Hinghua.'  To 
this  she  gave  herself.  Month  after  month  the 
prayer  of  intercession  rose  from  her  heart.  At 
last  she  wrote  to  her  daughter,  'The  revival  is 
coming.  I  have  the  witness.'  Before  the  letter 
reached  the  field  the  answer  was  there,  and 
thousands  were  brought  into  the  Kingdom." 

Education    for   prayer    will   be    ineffectual    in   Education  for 
reaching  any  large  number  unless   its  method   is   Prayer:  Its 
as     carefully     defined     as     its    teachings.       This 
method  will   do  well   to   include   both  (a)  public 
instruction^  and  (6)  private  study. 

(a)  For  the  public  instruction  the  regular  mis- 
sionary meeting  is  not  sufficient,  both  because  of 
the  long  interval  between  its  sessions  and  because 
of  the  necessary  division  of  time  with  other 
interests.  The  pastor  may  be  asked  to  give  a 
series  of  addresses  on  prayer  at  one  of  the  Sab- 
bath services  or  at  the  midweek  meeting,  deal- 
ing in  a  practical  way  with  the  subjects  of  how 
to  pray  and  what  to  pray  for  and  with  the  vital 
connection  between  prayer  and  Bible  study  in 
developing  the  Christian  life.  The  woman's 
Bible  class,  which  exists  in  almost  every  church. 


224  The  King's  Business 

meeting^  either  on  a  week  day  or  in  connection 
with  the  Sunday  School,  might  offer  such  a  course 
for  a  specified  number  of  weeks,  at  the  request  of 
the  woman's  missionary  society.  It  might  be 
understood  that  it  is  given  for  distinct  training 
for  service,  and  a  committee  appointed  to  secure 
the  attendance  of  the  members  by  careful  canvass. 
Special  classes  might  be  organized,  taking  the 
place  of  the  regular  mission  study  classes,  as  a 
study  fundamental  not  only  to  missionary  effort, 
but  to  all  Christian  experience.  The  Young 
Women's  Christian  Association  is  usually  pre- 
pared to  offer  such  a  course,  and  would  no  doubt 
be  glad  to  give  it  especially  for  the  women's 
society.  Visiting  missionaries  will  always,  if 
asked  to  do  so,  emphasize  their  entire  dependence 
upon  prayer,  and  will  often  give  remarkable  in- 
stances of  prayers  answered  in  their  own  experi- 
ence. 
Private  (d)  Private  reading  and  study.      The  best  text- 

Reading  and     book  for  the  study  of  prayer   is  the  Bible.      The 
^^^*  words   of     Christ     concerning    prayer,    His    own 

matchless  prayers.  His  example  in  night-long 
vigils,  in  early  morning  communion,  in  close 
and  constant  reliance  upon  the  Father  must 
possess  us  and  teach  the  reality  and  power  of 
prayer.  The  great  prayers  of  the  Bible,  its  men 
of  prayer,  the  prayer  life  of  the  early  Church 
must  strengthen  our  faith  and  inspire  our  peti- 
tions, if  they  are  to  be  equal  even  in  a  small 
degree  to  our  world-wide  opportunity.      The  list 


The  King's  Treasury  225 

of  reference  books  at  the  close  of  this  chapter  in- 
cludes a  number  which  will  be  found  helpful 
aids  to  the  study  of  prayer  in  the  Bible. 

But  teaching  people  the  need  of  prayer,  teach-  The  Practice 
ing  them  the  possibilities  and  the  results  of  of  Prayer, 
prayer,  teaching  them  how  to  pray  and  what  to 
ask  is  not  teaching  them  to  pray.  Only  by  en- 
couraging in  every  way  the  practice  of  prayer 
can  we  build  up  a  band  of  Christians  who  are 
unalterably  convinced  of  the  daily,  iinperative 
necessity  for  prayer  in  their  own  lives.  The 
missionary  society  may  stimulate  the  practice  of 
prayer  (1)  by  suggesting  aids  to  private  prayer, 
(2)  by  the  organization  of  prayer  circles  and 
bands  and  (3)  through  the  devotional  element  in 
the  regular  meeting. 

(1)  Among  the  aids   to  private  prayer  may  be   AidatoPri- 
mentioned  (a)  the  observance  of  a  stated  time  for  vate  Prayer: 
prayer  and  a  determination  to   let  nothing   inter-   ^^^^^^^^ 
fere    with     it.      The     morning    watch,    kept    by 
thousands  of  students  and  young  people,  and   the 
fixed  Hour  of   Prayer   observed   by  almost  every 
Mission     Board,     have     belted     the    world    with 
golden  chains  of  intercession.      The  stated   time 
for  private  prayer  was  never  so  necessary  as  it   is 
in  our  intense  modern  life,  and  the  society  whose 
members  are  wont  to  spend  these  sacred  moments 
alone  with  God  will  find  all  its  work  accomplished 
with  least  friction,  uncertainty  and  loss  of  power. 

(3)  The    observance    of     special     seasons    in   Special 
special  times  of  need.      Dr.  Mott  tells  us  that  the   Seasons. 


s    226  The  King's  Business 

holiest  college  student  of  his  acquaintance  had  a 
habit  of  spending  almost  an  entire  day  at  the  be- 
ginning of  each  month  in  communion  with  God. 
Do  we  dare  to  meet  trial  or  emergency  or  oppor- 
tunity with  less  preparation  than  Christ  who,  un- 
hurried and  unhindered,  waited  upon  God  in 
every  time  of  crisis  in  His  life? 
Forms  oi.  (c)  The  use  of  forms  of   prayer.      In  the  refer- 

Prayer.  ence  list   is  Suggested  a  number  of   collections  of 

prayers  which  have  directed  and  enlarged  the  in- 
tercession of  many  Christians.  Especial  atten- 
tion is  called  to  "Helps  to  Intercession"  (Andrew 
Murray)  and  the  pamphlet,  '^Prayers  for  Mis- 
sions," published  by  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Board.  "Those  who  do  not  belong  to  liturgical 
churches,"  says  Mr.  Doughty,  "lose  immensely 
by  not  making  themselves  familiar  with  the  noble 
expressions  of  devotion  in  "The  Book  of  Common 
Prayer." 
Prayer  Cal-  (<^)  The  use  of  prayer  calendars  and  cycles  has 

endars  and         been  blessed  in  uniting,  not  only  in  heart,  but  in 
Cycles.  voice,    thosc   who   labor   for   a     common     cause. 

Almost  every  Board  supplies  these  helps  in  some 
form  and  their  widespread  use  should  be 
promoted  in  every  way  by  auxiliary  societies. 
Many  Boards  publish  an  annual  calendar,  con- 
taining the  names  of  all  missionaries,  maps  and 
information  that  make  prayer  more  intelligent 
and  vivid.  One  magazine  prints  each  month  a 
birthday  prayer  cycle  of  its  missionaries.  An- 
other Board   prints  a   booklet,  containing  photo- 


The  King's  Treasury  227 

graphs  of  its  missionaries,  with  the  birthdays 
beneath  the  pictures.  The  Prayer  Cycles  pub- 
lished by  the  Student  Volunteer  Movement  and 
jointly  by  the  Laymen's  Missionary  Movement 
and  the  Missionary  Education  Movement  (the 
latter  supplied  with  a  full  set  of  maps  of  occu- 
pied and  unoccupied  fields)  lead  us  out  around 
the  world  in  the  path  of  every  organized  effort 
for  its  redemption.  Best  of  all  for  Christian 
women  is  the  "Year  of  United  Prayer,"  recently 
issued  by  the  Central  Committee  on  the  United 
Study  of  Foreign  Missions  and  sold  by  all 
Women's  Boards  of  Foreign  Missions.  Its  daily 
use  by  the  two  million  women  who  are  members 
of  our  missionary  societies  would  mean  a  mighty 
wave  of  intercession  that  would  put  far  more 
power  into  our  work  than  all  our  policies  and 
plans. 

(e)  Prayer     for     individual     missionaries    and   Prayer  for 
forms   of    work.      Mr.    J.   Campbell    White    has   Individual 
suggested  that  groups  of   from   fifty   to  one  hun-   Misaionanes. 
dred  people  be  formed  to  pray  habitually  for  each 
missionary  on  the  foreign  field,  that  a  record   of 
the  names  be  kept,  and   that   at  regular  intervals 
these   praying   helpers   be   notified    by   the   mis- 
sionaries of  special  needs  and   requests.      In  pur- 
suance of  this  suggestion,  two  prayer  cards  have 
been  used  by  one  interdenominational  committee, 
the  record  card,  kept  by  a  secretary   in  each  de- 
nomination,   containing   the   names    of    those   to 
whom     the    requests    for   prayer   and    notice    of 


228  The  King's  Business 

prayers  answered  are  sent.  No  one  should  be 
asked  to  assume  such  an  obligation  lightly,  but 
where  it  is  done  voluntarily  and  with  deep  pur- 
pose, the  prayer  life  of  the  intercessor  may  be 
greatly  enriched  and  vitalized,  and  the  mission- 
ary cheered  and  helped.  One  auxiliary  in  its 
year  book  prints  parallel  with  its  list  of  members 
the  name  of  the  missionary  each  member  repre- 
sents for  the  year,  and  the  member  is  invited  in 
a  footnote  to  respond  at  roll  call  with  intelligence 
of  her  missionary. 
Prayer  (2)  Prayer  Circles  and  Bands.      God  has  very 

Circles.  clearly  promised   a  special   blessing  upon  agree- 

ment in  prayer  and  these  promises  the  missionary 
society  must  claim,  both  by  precept  and  practice. 
Its  every  enterprise  must  be  begun,  guided  and 
consummated  in  prayer,  if  it  is  to  attain  the  ends 
God  seeks.  Its  own  aims  may  be  apparently 
successful,  but  very  far  from  His.  The  Executive 
Committee  must  be  the  center  of  its  prayer  life 
and  every  department  and  committee  must  unite 
in  definite,  persistent  petition  for  its  own  work. 
If  every  interest  of  the  society  and  all  its  mem- 
bers are  thus  taken  to  God  by  a  praying  band,  a 
loyal  inner  circle,  inefficient  officers  and  com- 
mittees may  be  prayed  into  effective  service,  and 
a  spiritless  society  may  be  prayed  into  power. 
Prayer  at  the  In  the  history  of  every  woman's  Board,  its 
Board  Rooms,  seasons  of  prayer  have  proved  its  source  of 
strength.  At  many  Board  meetings  a  Prayer 
Room  is  set  apart  where  at  all  times  of  the  day 


The  King's  Treasury  229 

women  kneel  in  intercession.  The  Prayer  Circles 
which  preceded  and  followed  Jubilee  meetings 
were  everywhere  acknowledged  as  the  secret  of 
Jubilee  success.  Time  was  found  for  them  in 
overflowing  days,  because,  like  Martin  Luther, 
who  doubled  his  hours  of  prayer  when  duties 
thickened,  women  were  too  busy  to  do  the  work 
without  their  aid.  In  many  auxiliaries  less  vital 
activities  might  well  give  place  to  some  such 
plan  as  the  following,  presented  to  its  constitu- 
ency this  vear  by  the  Presbyterian  Woman's 
Board  of  Home  Missions,  under  the  title,  ''Vital- 
izing Our  Societies"  : — 

Believing  that  all  missionary  enterprise  should  be 
impelled  by  intelligent,  fervent  and  concerted  prayer, 
it  is  urged  that  the  entire  membership  of  every  woman's 
missionary  society  including  the  home  division  shall  be 

{three  ^ 
five  y  women, 
nine  J 
who  shall  unite  in  proinising  to  devote  ten  minutes 
daily  to  definite  prayer  for  missions.  The  president  of 
the  society  shall  indicate  the  division  of  the  members 
into  circles. 

It  is  urged  that  each  circle  shall  hold    <  ^     i     -^  ^ 

°  I  quarterly      j 

meetings  at  the  home  of  one  of  its  members,  for  con- 
certed prayer  and  reports  of  answer  to  prayer.  The 
circle  meetings  should  be  deeply  spiritual  and  of  such 
close  fellowship  as  to  unite  the  members  to  do  more 
efficient  service.  TJiat  prayer  may  be  united  and  defi- 
nitely directed,  prayer  topics  should  be  prepared  and 
sent  to  each  circle  leader. 

If  there  are  societies  where  it   is  not  possible  to  win 


230  The  King's  Business 

the  co-operation  of  the  entire  membership,  begin  with 
one  small  circle,  making  it  intensive  and  strong.  If, 
because  of  lack  of  leadership,  there  are  no  circles  or- 
ganized, individuals  are  urged  to  use  the  pledge  blank, 
which  will  be  supplied  in  sufficient  numbers  for  the  en- 
tire membership  of  societies.  The  Woman's  Board 
earnestly  hopes  that  every  local  society  enlisted  under 
the  banner  of  the  Board,  will  accept  this  plan  for  con- 
certed prayer,  so  there  shall  be  one  great  circle  of  pray- 
ing women  whose  intercession  will  daily  ascend  to  the 
throne  of  grace. 

Tke  Devo-  (3)   The  devotional  service  in  the  regular  meet- 

tional  Ele-        j^g  must  be  its  climax  of  power  in  which  centers 
mentinthe       ^^^   culminates   all    its    spiritual    effort.      To    it 

Regular  .,..,,  i  '         ^  ^  '^^  •^  ^        • 

T,,    ^.  _,  individual    and  circle  study  will  contribute  their 

Meeting.  -^ 

choicest  lessons  and  here  the  women  not  yet 
reached  by  either  method  will  learn  to  live  in  the 
atmosphere  which  is  ''the  Christian's  vital 
breath."  If  one  woman  who  realizes  its  import 
has  entire  charge  of  the  devotional  part  of  the 
meetings  for  the  year,  it  will  be  their  most  care- 
fully planned  feature,  every  verse  of  Scripture, 
every  hymn,  every  prayer  contributing  to  the  one 
aim  of  the  program. 
Use  of  tKe  The  Bible  lesson  should  be  distinctively  a  mis- 

^^^^^'  sionary  message,  selected,  if  possible,  for  its  sig- 

nificant bearing  on  the  subject  for  the  day,  and 
should  show  how  constantly  through  His  Word 
God  reveals  His  plan  for  the  world.  A  brief 
passage  will  be  more  powerful  than  a  whole 
chapter,  if  its  meaning  be  driven  home  with 
clearness  and  force. 


The  King's  Treasury  231 

Its  music  is  perhaps  the  weakest  feature  of  the  Music  as  a 
average  missionary  meeting.  A  special  commit-  Devotional 
tee  mig^ht  be  made  responsible  for   it  who  would     ,  ^™^^  1° 

ccT        ^  •      .  tte  Regular 

candidly  face  the  question,      Is  the  music  in  our   ivlgg^i^d 
meetings  at  present  either  appropriate   or  help- 
ful?    If  not,  how   can   it  be  remedied?"      This 
committee  should  make   its  study  for  the  year,  to 
see  that  the  music   is  put   on  as   high   a  plane  as 
the  program   committee  seeks   along  other   lines. 
Secular  solos,  used  merely  to  entertain  or  to  gain 
the   interest  of   the  singer,  are  always  a  mistake; 
solos  are  only  of  value  if  they  deepen  the  spiritual 
impression.     Miss  Belle  M.  Brain,   in  "Holding 
the   Ropes,"    suggests   an   entire  meeting  where 
hymns    associated    with     great   missionaries   and 
native    converts    are    sung  and   their  stories  told, 
and  she  gives  abundant  material  for  such  a  service. 

If  the  primary  business  of  the  Church  is  Prayer  as  a 
prayer,  the  primary  aim  of  the  missionary  meet-  Devotional 
ins:  is  to  train  its  members  in  prayer.      A  central     ,   ™^°  \^ 

,  .  1    .        ,         *^e  Regular 

prayer  thought  for  the  day  may  be  printed  in  the  ^vlgg^ind 
program,  gathering  up  and  focusing  its  whole 
impression.  Subjects  for  prayer,  with  names  of 
missionaries  for  whom  prayer  is  asked,  may  be 
printed  in  the  program,  announced  at  the  open- 
ing of  the  meeting,  or  written  on  the  bulletin 
board.  Short  prayers  and  quotations  about  prayer 
may  be  used  in  the  same  way.  Each  topic  pre- 
sented may  be  followed  by  a  brief  petition  or  a 
moment  of  silent  prayer.  Special  needs  or  crises 
may  be  remembered  in  a  series  of  prayers  that  in 


232  The  King's  Business 

the  limits  of  one  sentence  emphasize  one  phase 
of  the  need.  A  prayer  hymn,  sung  with  heads 
bowed,  may  embody  the  longing  of  timid  ones, 
otherwise  voiceless.  Praise  for  the  answers 
which  definite,  expectant  prayer  will  surely  bring 
must  not  be  forgotten. 
Channels  of  When  we  have  achieved    a    Church   that  prays 

Service:  for   missions,  not   only   in  the  name,  but   in  the 

II.  Money.  spirit  of  its  Master,  the  problems  of  the  treasury 
will  all  be  solved.  We  cannot  long  pray  "Thy 
Kingdom  come"  with  a  passion  which  in  depth 
and  intensity  is  an  echo  of  Christ's  own,  without 
pledg^ing  to  the  building  of  that  Kingdom  all  the 
resources  of  life.  The  gift  of  money  will  be- 
come a  necessity  as  a  factor  in  spiritual  growth, 
no  less  than  the  gift  of  prayer.  Normal,  spiritual 
growth  will  no  more  result  from  spasmodic, 
emotional  giving  than  from  irregular  habits  of 
prayer  and  Bible  study.  A  deepened  spirituality 
will  seek  every  channel  for  love's  expression. 
Giving  will  become  a  sacrament,  not  a  sacrifice, 
a  holy  privilege  through  which  we  give  to  Him 
again  what  is  and  has  been  through  all  the  ages 
His  own.  When  we  call  what  is  His  our  own 
and  keep  it  for  selfish  uses,  we  set  at  nought  the 
fulfillment  of  His  larger  purpose  in  our  lives  and 
in  the  world. 
The  Duty  of  To  awaken  and  develop  in  all  the  women  of 
the  Woman's  the  Church  a  true  and  complete  view  of  the 
Society  to  Its  stewardship  of  life  and  life's  possessions  is  but 
one   step   beyond    its   program   of   education  and 


The  King's  Treasury  233 

prayer  in  the  definite  responsibility  of  the 
woman's  missionary  society.  At  each  step  its 
policy  must  be  comprehensive,  its  plans  clearly 
outlined,  and  its  organization  efficient.  To 
secure  intelligent  and  consecrated  giving,  the 
finance  department  must  offer  (1)  a  program  of 
education,  both  general  and  specific,  and  (2)  a 
program  of  effort  which  shall  afford  an  oppor- 
tunity for  every  woman  to  give,  as  her  newly 
awakened  sense  of  obligation  shall  inspire  and 
direct. 

1.  General.      The  finance  department  must  be   Program  of 
so  closely   in   sympathy  with   the   department   of   Education: 
education   that    the    whole   educational   program   ^^^^"  • 
shall  enforce  the  necessity   for  practical  and   im- 
mediate expression   of  sympathies   and   iinpulses 
aroused.       The    direct    financial    appeal    should 

never  come  until  the  way  has  been  prepared  for 
it  by  long  and  careful  seed-sowing. 

2.  Specific  Education.      The  program  of  spe-   Program  of 
cific    education   must    include  teaching  as  to  (1)    Education: 
The  power  of  money.      "Money,"    says   Dr.    J.    ^P^"  ^'^• 
R.  Mott,  "is  not  only  a  standard   of  value  and  an 
instrument    of   power,    it     is    itself    accumulated 

power.  It  is  not  only  potent, but  in  some  respects 
it  is  well-nigh  omnipotent.  Money  has  power 
to  enable  a  man  to  multiply  the  length  of  his 
life  service.  With  it  he  can  set  others  to  work, 
while  he  himself  continues  to  labor,  thus  paral- 
leling his  own  life  work."  ("The  Pastor  and 
Modern  Missions.") 


^H  The  King's  Business 

''Money  is  myself,"  says  Dr.  A.  F.  Schauffler. 
''In  concrete  form,  it  represents  my  skill,  my 
brain  and  brawn,  my  hopes  and  ambitions. 
Directed  by  the  Spirit,  it  may  represent  my 
vision  of  Christ  and  His  power  to  transform 
material  values  into  spiritual  within  me." 
Tte  Steward-  (2)  T/ie  Stewardship  of  Money.  No  part  of 
ship  of  the  work  of  the  department  must  be  planned  more 

°°^^*  carefully  and  patiently  than   its  program  of  edu- 

cation regarding  the  right  use  of  money.  It 
must  be  continuous  and  progressive:  publicly, 
through  constant  emphasis  in  Bible  readings  and 
devotional  service,  in  talks  and  papers  in  the 
regular  meetings,  in  discussions  in  study  classes 
and  reading  circles,  in  sermons  from  the  pulpit; 
privately,  in  conversation,  and  by  the  tactful, 
persistent  and  widespread  circulation  of  litera- 
ture. It  must  include  deliberate  and  prayerful 
study  of  the  law  of  the  tithe  in  the  Old  Testa- 
ment, of  the  broader  interpretation  of  Christ  to 
cover  all  of  life,  of  the  precept  and  practice  of 
the  early  Church.  It  must  involve  a  thorough 
search  by  the  Committee  through  all  available 
literature  for  rnaterial  on  the  subject  of  steward- 
ship and  the  selection  of  that  best  fitted  to  the 
needs  in  its  own  church.  A  few  books  and 
pamphlets  are  given  in  the  reference  list  at 
the  close  of  the  chapter.  The  Student  Volun- 
teer Movement  and  the  Laymen's  Missionary 
Movement  publish  admirable  pamphlets  on  this 
subject. 


The  King's  Treasury  285 

The  teachings  which  the  finance  department  Scope  of 
strives  to  impress  must  be  broad  and  deep  enough  Study, 
to  include  (a)  the  meaning  of  stewardship  under 
present-day  conditions;  (d)  its  universal  appli- 
cation through  systematic  and  proportionate 
giving;  (c)  the  necessity  of  purity  of  motive;  (d) 
the  principle  of  sacrificial  living  which  must 
become  the  passion  of  the  Church  at  home  as  it 
has  been  its  glory  abroad;  (e)  giving,  accom- 
panied and  folltewed  by  prayer. 

(3)  Loyalty  ^o  the  established  agencies  of  the  Loyalty  to 
Church  as  the  natural  channel   for  the   Church's   CKurck 
gifts.      In  spite  of  the  colossal  wealth  of  Christian   Agencies, 
nations,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  a  fair,  perhaps  a 
large,    portion   of   this   wealth     is    controlled    by 
avowedly  Christian  people,  Commission  VI  of  the 
Edinburgh  Conference  was  obliged  to  affirm: — 

The  investigation  of  this  Commission  reveals  the 
fact  that  there  is  not  a  leading  missionary  society  in 
Europe  or  America  that  is  properly  supported.  In  the 
judgment  of  the  officers  of  all  these  societies,  work  that 
ought  to  be  done  is  left  undone,  open  doors  are  unen- 
tered, and  even  w^hat  has  been  begun  is  often  disas- 
trously neglected  because  of  the  insufficiency  of  the 
financial  support. 

While  the  solution  of  the  problem  of  denomi-   Education 
national  support  is  based  on  education  regarding   Concerning 
the  whole  cause   of  missions   and   its   relation  to   Denomma- 
Christian  stewardship,    it   involves   also   instruc-   ^^^^^ 
tion  as  to  denominational  agencies  and  the  respon- 
sibility of  the  individual  concerning  them.    This 
instruction  must  include  intelligence  regarding 


236  The  King's  Business 

Intelligence:  (a)  Facts.      The  individual  member  of  a  church 

(a)  Facts.  should    be    as    familiar    with    the    methods    and 

operation  of  the  Mission  Boards  of  the  denomina- 
tion to  which  she  belongs  as  with  the  work  of  the 
local  church.  The  process  of  education  must  be 
gradual  and  cumulative,  but  it  is  the  duty  of  the 
finance  department  to  bring  before  the  women  of 
the  church  in  concrete  form  the  responsibility  of 
the  denomination,  of  the  general  Board,  of  the 
Woman's  Board  and  of  the  state  and  local  society 
to  the  non-Christian  world.  It  must  also  make 
plain  the  total  amount  needed  by  the  Boards  for 
the  current  year,  the  amount  fer  capita^  the 
amount  contributed  by  the  local  church  and  the 
local  society  in  the  past  year,  the  apportionments 
for  the  coming  year,  the  total  number  of  women 
in  the  church,  the  number  contributing  through 
the  society,  the  amount  per  capita  now  given  and 
the  amount  needed.  All  these  figures  should  be 
illustrated  by  simple  charts,  which  should  be  dis- 
played not  once  but  many  times  in  the  meetings 
that  they  may  silently  teach  their  lesson. 

(b)  Mettod.  (^)  Method.     As    a  purely   business    proposi- 

tion, the  rank  and  file  of  the  church  membership 
should  know  soinething  of  the  administration  of 
the  mission  funds  of  the  Church.  The  women 
of  the  Church,  as  stockholders  in  a  corporation, 
should  be  intelligent  concerning  the  financial 
methods  both  of  the  general  Board  and  of  the 
Woman's  Board.  What  is  the  budget  and  how  is 
it  compiled?      What    regulates    the    making    of 


The   King's  Treasury  237 

appropriations  and  apportionments?  What  con- 
stitutes the  difference  and  the  importance  in  dis- 
tinction between  regular  and  special  gifts? 

(c)  The  Budget.  A  Mission  Board  does  not  dis-  (c)The 
pense  the  gifts  of  the  Church  in  response  to  every  ^""^^*- 
call  for  help.  Each  mission  in  the  foreign  field 
is  required  to  make  annually  a  carefully  and 
prayerfully  thought-out  estimate  of  its  needs  for 
the  coming  year,  not  in  a  lump  sum,  but  in  a 
detailed,  itemized  statement,  including  reasons 
for  every  advance  asked.  In  a  series  of  meet- 
ings, the  Finance  Committee  of  the  Board  re- 
view's these  estimate  sheets,  measuring  against 
them  the  income  that  can  reasonably  be  expected 
from  donors  at  home,  considering  every  possible 
contingency  that  may  influence  it  favorably  or 
unfavorably.  The  budget  is  then  made  up  for 
the  Board's  eiitire  expenditure  for  the  year.  The 
grants  to  each  mission  often  involve  distressing 
*^cuts"  from  the  original  estimate  that  bring 
grief  alike  to  Board  and  missionaries  by  curtail- 
ing the  advance  that  seems  imperative  and  even 
by  reducing  the  established  work.  These  grants 
are  usually  known  as  appropriations  as  distin- 
guished from  the  apportionments  by  which  the 
amount  of  the  funds  needed  is  assigned  to  the 
supporting  societies. 

(fl?)  Apportionments.      The  methods  by  which    (d)  Appor- 
apportionments   are   made  vary  so  greatly  under  tiomnents. 
the  organization  of  different  Women's  Boards  and 
involve  so  many  changing  problems  of  relation- 


238  The  King's  Business 

ship  to  the  general  Boards  that  it  is  difficult  to 
generalize.  Under  some  Boards  the  apportion- 
ment is  made  by  the  Board  itself  and  sent  to 
supporting  societies  individually.  Under  others 
it  is  made  by  a  committee  of  representatives  of 
the  state  societies  concerned,  and  under  still 
others  the  two  methods  are  blended  in  a  joint 
council.  Each  local  society  should  know  the 
plans  and  methods  of  its  own  denomination  and 
its  own  vital  part  in  them.  The  apportionment 
is  not  a  mechanical  device  by  which  the  Board 
attempts  to  lessen  its  own  accountability.  It  is 
not  an  abstraction,  but  a  flesh-and-blood  reality. 
However  the  apportionment  comes,  there  must 
be  no  lessened  appreciation  of  the  fact  that 
responsibility  is  not  diminished  by  being  equal- 
ized, and  that  loyalty  to  the  Church  and  to 
Christ,  who  is  the  Head  of  the  Church,  demands 
that  each  individual  woman  shall  bear  her  share 
in  the  work  committed  to  Christian  women. 
(e)  Regular  (e)  Designation  of  Gifts.      The  regular  work 

Work.  of   a   Woman's   Board,  whether  operating   inde- 

pendently or  through  the  treasury  of  its  general 
Board,  is  the  established  enterprise  that  it  carries 
from  year  to  year.  Its  scope  and  variety  have 
already  been  outlined  in  chapter  second.  With- 
out regular  and  continued  support,  its  usefulness 
is  crippled  and  its  advance  retarded.  An  appor- 
tionment for  this  work,  when  accepted  by  a  state, 
district  or  local  society,  becomes  a  pledge  and 
its  fulfillment  must  be  considered   a  sacred   obli- 


The  King's  Treasury  239 


gation,  paramount  in  its  claims  to  any  and  every 
appeal,  no  matter  how  great  the  seeming  need, 
nor  how  large  the  apparent  possibilities. 

Gifts  for  the  regular  work  include  the  general  (f)  Specific 
fund,  which  covers  the  whole  range  of  effort  and  Work, 
allows  the  Board  to  apply  the  money  where  need 
or  sudden  emergency  dictates,  and  specific  dona- 
tions, designated  for  some  particular  object  or 
phase  of  the  work  and  called  Specifics,  Special 
Objects  or  Specific  Work.  Specialized  giving 
takes  missions  out  of  the  realm  of  the  abstract 
and  makes  it  concrete  and  vivid  by  introducing 
the  personal  element;  it  enlists  initial  interest 
and  sustains  it  until  the  larger  motive  of  giving 
to  Christ's  work  for  His  sake  can  be  fostered;  it 
deepens  responsibility  for  support;  it  offers  a 
definite  and  compassable  task  in  the  support  of  a 
native  helper,  a  missionary,  a  sch'ool,  a  hospital, 
an  entire  station;  it  induces  intelligent  giving 
that  by  training  may  be  developed  into  progres- 
sive giving.  Its  disadvantages  are  that  it  is  often 
temporary  or  spasmodic,  and  that  it  has  a  ten- 
dency to  center  interest  in  one  individual  or  one 
pHase  of  the  work,  thus  losing  the  broader  view 
and  the  sense  of  universal  need.  In  its  extreme 
form,  it  imposes  difficult  and  often  insupportable 
labor  on  over-burdened  missionaries,  by  requiring 
many  special  letters  and  reports.  While  it  has 
largely  swelled  mission  treasuries  and  increased 
the  number  of  givers,  it  involves  many  perplex- 
ities, unless  the  Specific  Work  is  kept  within  the 


240  The  King's  Business 

budget  and  safeguarded  by  confining  it  to  the 
support  of  a  scholarship  instead  of  a  scholar,  to 
the  salaries  of  missionaries  or  to  specified  shares 
in  the  expense  of  an  entire  station  instead  of  in- 
dividual scholars  or  workers.  Of  this  "station" 
or  "parish  abroad  plan,"  which  is  being  in- 
creasingly used  by  the  larger  Boards,  Dr.  A.  J. 
Brown  says: — 

"It  is  proving  satisfactory  alike  to  givers,  Boards 
and  missionaries.  It  allows  a  flexible  use  of  mission 
funds  in  accordance  with  the  best  judgment  of  the  mis- 
sionaries and  the  changing  necessities  of  the  work, 
provides  a  support  for  all  departments  and  not  simply 
for  a  few,  makes  it  possible  to  furnish  adequate  in- 
formation, gives  room  for  steady  advance  of  interest 
and  gifts  instead  of  fixing  limits,  and  insures  the  con- 
tinuance of  the  gift  to  the  permanent  work  uninflu- 
enced by  changes  in  personnel."  ("The  Why  and 
How  of  Foreign  I^issions.") 

Special  Gifts.  No  Board  is  able  to  secure  permanent  pledges 
from  supporting  societies  for  all  of  its  estab- 
lished work.  For  the  residue  unapportioned  and 
for  unforeseen  emergencies  and  for  advance  it 
must  depend  upon  special  and  extra  gifts.  The 
multitude  of  forms  that  these  have  taken  under 
various  Woman's  Boards  evidence  woman's  in- 
genuity and  her  continued  longing  for  new  chan- 
nels for  love's  expression.  Among  these  devices 
are  Life  Memberships,  both  for  adults  and  chil- 
dren, Honorary  Memberships,  Memorial  Gifts, 
Legacies,  Annuity  Bonds  and  the  mighty  mite 
box,  whose  pennies   and   dimes   have  aggregated 


The  King's  Treasury  241 

thousands.  The  Thank  Offering  or  Praise 
Offering  is  universally  observed, — that  sponta- 
neous gift,  over  and  above  regular  contributions, 
by  which  we  seek,  though  faintly  and  inade- 
quately, to  express  gratitude  for  the  victories  of 
the  King's  army  in  all  lands  and  for  personal 
blessings, — a  new  joy  found,  a  prayer  answered, 
a  temptation  overcome,  a  cross  sanctified,  the 
freshly  realized  nearness  of  our  Lord.  From  the 
first  timid  offering  of  a  grateful  heart  until  the 
glad  Jubilee  Year  when  American  women 
brought  a  gift  of  love  of  more  than  a  million 
dollars,  God  has  richly  blessed  and  used  both 
gift  and  giver.  Unique  in  its  method  is  the 
United  Offering  of  the  women  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church,  when  every  third  year  they 
come  together  by  hundreds  and,  kneeling  at  the 
Communion  Table,  offer  themselves  anew  for 
missionary  service,  presenting  to  God  their 
Thank  Offering,  gathered  through  the  three 
years  just  closed. 

Program  of  Effort.  The  program  of  educa-  Program  of 
tion  of  the  finance  department,  while  funda-  Effort, 
mental,  is  only  preparatory  to  the  program  of 
effort  in  which  it  must  culminate.  Practical  ap- 
plication of  the  principles  of  stewardship  must 
be  made  to  the  individual  life.  Every  woman 
in  the  church  must  be  convinced  that  she  is  a 
necessary  unit  in  the  progress  of  the  work  com- 
mitted to  her  denomination,  and  that  without  her 
co-operation  it  fails  so  much  in  efficiency.      The 


242  The  King's  Business 

program  of  effort  should   include  a  study  of  the 
field,    the    preparation    and    presentation   of    the 
budget,  the  collection,  care  and  disbursement  of 
funds. 
Personnel  of  The  finance  department  may  be    composed   of 

Department,  the  treasurer,  regular  collectors  and  special 
solicitors.  The  treasurer  is  its  head  and  guiding 
force,  and  it  is  imperative  that  she  be  wisely 
chosen.  While  spirituality  is  as  essential  in  this 
office  as  in  all  offices,  no  amount  of  it  here  will 
take  the  place  of  unfailing  accuracy;  nor  will 
deep  interest  suffice  in  place  of  promptness,  per- 
sistence and  strict  business  training  and  methods. 
All  Boards  recognize  this  fact  by  publishing 
instructions  for  treasurers;  but  we  greatly  need  a 
complete  and  comprehensive  Manual  that  will 
give  to  the  finance  department  its  real  place  of 
dignity  and  importance  in  relation  to  all  our 
effort.  There  may  be  one  or  more  regular  col- 
lectors for  each  district  and  an  adequate  number 
of  solicitors  for  the  annual  canvass. 
Study  of  the  The  preliminary  study  of  the  field   should   im- 

Field.  mediately  follow  the  organization  of  the  depart- 

ment. In  a  special  mission  study  class,  led  by 
the  treasurer,  the  members  of  the  finance  depart- 
ment should  thoroughly  master  all  available  lit- 
erature on  stewardship  and  the  specific  work  of 
the  department.  They  should  study  the  records 
and  reports  of  their  society,  its  past  gifts,  and 
present  apportionment,  which  should  always 
represent  their    minimum,    not    their   maximum 


The  King's  Treasury  243 

effort.  They  should  be  satisfied,  not  with  a 
reasonable,  but  with  a  proportionate  advance. 
Frankly,  kindly  and  confidentially,  they  should, 
by  means  of  the  card  index,  reinforced  by  per- 
sonal knowledge,  study  the  ability  of  the  women 
of  the  church,  not  merely  of  the  members  of  the 
society,  and  after  thought  and  prayer  select  a 
goal,  possible  in  the  light  of  their  resources  and 
adequate  to  the  unparalleled  opportunity. 

The   budget    should   be    a    clear,   business-like   Preparation 
statement  of  (1)  the  apportionment ;  (2)  the  amount   of  the  Budget, 
in    excess    of    the    apportionment   which    in   the 
opinion  of  the  department,  the  society  is  capable  » 

of  raising;  (3)  the  amount  necessary  for  contin- 
gent fund  or  administration  expense.  Some 
Boards  ask  a  definite  sum  per  inember,  varying 
from  ten  to  sixty  cents  a  year,  for  the  expense  of 
Board,  state  and  district  work.  Where  this  is 
not  the  case,  a  regular  plan  should  be  included 
in  the  financial  policy  of  every  society.  There 
is  no  greater  extravagance  than  to  retard  the 
great  business  of  the  King  by  sinall,  inistaken 
economies;  its  magnitude  demands  a  dignified 
and  adequate  system.  The  ^ 'penny  collection" 
at  the  meetings  is  uncertain  and  undignified. 
The  plan  of  taking  a  certain  per  cent  of  the 
receipts  is  open  to  criticism,  as  the  money  was 
given  for  direct  work  on  the  field.  After  each 
department  has  carefully  estimated  the  allowance 
which  it  will  need  for  the  year,  the  finance  de- 
partment   may    calculate    its   proportion    of    the 


244  The  King's  Business 


probable  pledges  based  on  last  year's  receipts. 
Each  woman  may  then  be  asked  to  add  this  pro- 
portion when  making  her  pledge,  an  extra  en- 
velope marked  ^'for  the  contingent  fund"  may 
accompany  the  others,  or  a  uniform  amount  per 
member  may  be  asked.  Whatever  method  is 
used,  it  should  be  fully  explained,  discussed  and 
voted  upon  when  the  policy  is  adopted,  and  it 
should  be  made  equal  in  importance  to  the  other 
offerings  by  being  collected  by  the  same  method. 
It  should  include  district,  state  and  Board  expense 
fund,  printing,  postage  and  similar  supplies  for 
all  departments,  mite  boxes,  envelopes  and  sub- 
scription cards,  library  books,  leaflets,  maps, 
charts  and  study  class  helps,  expense  for  mis- 
sionary and  other  speakers,  and  for  delegates  to 
all  conventions  and  gatherings  where  representa- 
tion would  bring  practical  benefit,  and  a  margin 
for  general  expense.  There  is  no  legitimate 
reason  why  the  officers  and  committees  who  carry 
the  burden  of  labor  should  also  meet  its  expense, 
and  a  woman's  society  that  cultivates  a  sound 
business  policy  will  ultimately  build  up  a  self- 
respecting  constituency. 
Presenting  The  initial  approach  of  the  missionary  society 

the  Budget.  ^q  the  individual  should  never  be  an  appeal  for 
money.  But  at  least  once  a  year  it  should  offer 
to  every  woman  in  the  congregation  an  oppor- 
tunity to  aid  in  meeting  the  need  of  the  world 
through  the  Board  which  it  represents.  Its  duty 
is  to  train  a  band  of  intelligent  and   consecrated 


The  King's  Treasury  246 

givers  by  gradual  and  thorough  education,  so 
that  when  this  opportunity  is  presented,  the  gifts 
will  be  voluntary  and  proportionate  to  personal 
expenditure.  Just  preceding  the  annual  can- 
vass, the  educational  program  should  be  inten- 
sified and  centralized  and  interest  stimulated  in 
the  specific  work  to  which  the  society  is  pledged. 
It  is  not  too  much  to  ask  that  at  least  once  a  year 
all  the  women  of  the  congregation  shall  come 
together  in  the  annual  meeting  of  the  woman's 
society,  and  every  possible  means  should  be  used 
to  secure  their  attendance.  Many  societies  make 
this  an  all  day  meeting,  emphasizing  the  social 
element  in  the  noon  luncheon.  In  the  morning 
the  past  year's  record  is  reviewed  and  in  the 
afternoon  the  coming  year's  policy  is  discussed 
and  adopted. 

The  budget  should  be  presented  in  a  clear, 
concise,  direct  statement,  with  a  distinct  effort  to 
impress  its  binding  obligation,  not  alone  upon  the 
members  of  the  society,  but  upon  all  the  women 
of  the  church.  By  charts  and  maps  the  interest 
should  be  localized  and  individual  responsibility 
developed,  full  opportunity  being  given  for  ques- 
tions and  discussion.  Each  Executive  Commit- 
tee must  determine  for  itself  whether  pledges 
shall  be  received  at  this  meeting  or  entirely  by 
personal  canvass  afterward.  If  an  every-member 
canvass  is  conducted  by  the  Missionary  Commit- 
tee of  the  church,  the  society's  plans  must  be 
harmonized   with    it.      But   either   through     this 


246 


The  King's  Business 


Personal 
Work  to 
Secure  the 
Large  Gifts. 


Collection  of 
Funds. 


committee  or  independently,  this  canvass  must  be 
made  thoroughly,  tactfully,  prayerfully,  and  every 
woman  in  the  congregation  should  be  included. 
No  finance  department  should  attempt  the  collec- 
tion of  funds  by  any  method  without  careful  study 
of  the  admirable  literature  prepared  by  the  Lay- 
men's Missionary  Movement.  A  well-known 
missionary  recently  made  the  following  sugges- 
tions regarding  the  value  of  personal  effort: — 

Find  those  missionaries  who  are  competent  to  do 
personal  work  and  utilize  them.  Usually  the  home 
societies  are  content  to  use  them  only  for  public  meet- 
ings and  general  inspiration  and  the  personal  field  is 
entirely  unworked.  In  most  congregations  there  are 
people  of  some  means,  often  of  large  means,  who  may 
be  slightly  interested  or  not  at  all.  They  are  accus- 
tomed to  public  addresses  and  these  stir  only  the  or- 
dinary general  interest  without  personal  application. 
A  personal  call,  a  direct  presentation  of  the  nature  of 
the  cause  and  of  their  own  individual  opportunity  and 
obligation,  leaving  with  them,  perhaps,  a  statement  of 
specific  things  they  can  do  from  among  the  authorized 
objects  of  the  Board,  may  arouse  and  enlist  them.  Not 
every  one  can  do  this  personal  work,  but  when  you  get 
the  right  one  nothing  equals  it.  Have  a  public  meet- 
ing, where  the  missionary  gives  a  stirring  talk.  Let 
the  local  leader  decide  on  who  are  to  be  visited  and  see 
that  they  are  there.  Then  immediately  after  start  the 
personal  visitation  campaign,  making  specific  appoint- 
ments beforehand  and  being  frank  with  regard  to  the 
purpose  of  the  visit. 

If  the  pledges  provide  for  weekly  or  monthly 
payments,  the  duplex  envelopes  and  the  customary 
methods   of    the   church    Missionary   Committee 


The  King's  Treasury  247 


may  be  used.  Many  societies  have  achieved 
equal  quarterly  payments  by  means  of  regular 
collectors  who  call  quarterly  upon  a  specified  list 
of  from  ten  to  twenty  women.  If  payment  is 
made  annually,  it  should  always  be  secured  in 
advance,  if  possible. 

Many  Boards  now  publish  an  authorized  Care  of 
system  of  bookkeeping  for  state,  district  and  local  Funds, 
treasurers,  tested  by  experience  and  uniform  with 
that  in  use  at  headquarters.  Those  in  use  by  the 
Southern  Baptist,  Presbyterian  (Philadelphia) 
and  the  Christian  Woman's  Board  of  Missions 
and  that  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
South,  have  been  unusually  successful.  Unless 
thus  aided  by  her  Board,  each  local  treasurer 
should  devise  for  herself  a  method  practical  and 
accurate.  The  card  system  is  simple  and  adapt- 
able, lessens  labor,  and  makes  it  possible  to  give 
information  of  the  exact  standing  of  the  society 
at  any  time. 

A  pledge  at  the  beginning  of  the  year  and  Disbursement 
equal  quarterly  payments  in  even  dollars  would  °f  Funds, 
annually  save  to  the  treasuries  of  Mission  Boards 
for  the  extension  of  the  Kingdom  many  thousands 
of  dollars  now  wasted  in  interest  on  borrowed 
money  and  in  unnecessary  clerical  labor.  The 
Church  is  waking  to  this  fact  and  many  women's  ■   • 

local  societies,  unable  for  any  cause  to  make  pay- 
ments promptly,  now  borrow  the  money  and 
themselves  ineet  the  interest;  but  the  need  must 
be    emphasized    with    patience    and    persistence 


248 


The  King's  Business 


Channels  of 
Service :  III. 
Personality. 


until  the  practice  becomes  universal.  Every 
treasurer  should  hang  monthly  before  her  society 
a  chart,  showing  the  condition  to  date  of  its 
pledges  and  payments,  and  at  least  quarterly  she 
should  present  a  complete  itemized  statement,  a 
duplicate  of  the  one  which  accompanies  her 
remittance  to  the  treasurer  next  above  her  in 
rank.  A  canvass  that  includes  every  woman  in 
the  congregation,  a  straightforward,  business-like 
administration  of  funds,  clear  and  accurate  re- 
ports, persistent  education  and  unfailing  prayer 
will  enable  any  society  to  meet  obligations  and 
gradually  to  secure  from  its  constituency  an  ad- 
vance proportionate  to  its  increase  in  membership, 
the  wealth  of  its  members  and  their  expenditure 
for  self. 

The  missionary  society  must,  if  true  to  its 
trust,  claim  from  the  women  of  the  church,  not 
for  itself,  but  in  the  name  of  its  Master,  not 
simply  so  many  moments  spent  in  prayer,  not  so 
many  dollars,  not  so  many  hours  of  service,  but 
the  whole  of  life  to  be  used  where  and  in  what- 
ever way  He  shall  decree.  It  must  claim  from 
all  a  larger  place  in  the  drifting  moments  of  every 
day.  As  a  part  of  its  planned  effort  it  must 
present  to  the  young  people  of  the  church  the 
opportunities  for  service  on  the  foreign  field.  It 
must  seek  to  make  Christ  regnant  in  every  life 
that  comes  under  its  influence.  ''We  cannot  say, 
'Lord,  be  Master  of  my  money;  but  let  me  settle 
the  question  of  my  life-work,'     No.      Christ  will 


The  King's  Treasury  249 

not  be  played  with.  He  is  either  Lord  of  all,  as 
has  often  been  said,  or  not  Lord  at  all.  He 
wants  us  undivided;  and  we  will  be  dealing  with 
the  fringes  of  this  subject,  if  we  allow  the  ques- 
tion to  linger  in  any  mind  that  any  mere  gifts  of 
time,  money,  influence,  nervous  energy,  thoughts 
and  will  compass  the  subject.  Christ  wants  the 
entire  personality,  in  all  its  relationships,  through 
all  time.  He  wants  us  not  only  for  all  time,  but 
at  all  times."      (Dr.  John  R.  Mott.) 

"We  give  Thee  but  Thine  own, 
Whate'er  the  gift  may  be." 


250  the  King*s  Business 


QUESTIONS 

Make  jovir  own  list  of  reasons  why  prayer  should  be 
pre-eminent  in  the  plans  of  the  church  and  in  individual 

lives. 

Prepare  a  policy  and  program  of  prayer  which  you 
think  adequate  and  necessary  for  an  ideal  society. 

Prepare  a  policy  on  prayer  for  your  own  society,  cov- 
ering  the    points   you   think    necessary,   and   making   it 
definite  on  each  point  as  to  purpose,  numbers  and  plans. 
Outline    a    program    of    education    regarding   prayer 
which  you  think  meets  the  needs  in  your  church. 
Outline  a  similar  program  of  effort. 

What  practical  methods  can  you  suggest  for  carrying 
out  this  policy  and  program? 

Compare  your  ideal  policy  and  program  with  the  one 
you  think  possible  in  your  society.  If  they  do  not  agree, 
may  they  not  be  made  to  do  so  in  the  light  of  further 
study,  prayer  and  effort? 

Are  you  satisfied  with  the  devotional  service  in  your 
regular  meetings?  If  not,  analyze  the  lack  and  suggest 
remedies. 

Make  a  list  of  the  remarkable  answers  to  prayer  you 
have  personally  known. 

What  is  the  total  number  of  missionaries  in  the 
foreign  field  from  the  United  States  and  Canada?  If  all 
the  Christians  at  home  were  organized  into  prayer  groups 
supporting  them,  how  many  would  there  be  in  each 
group?  How  many  groups  can  you  organize  in  your 
own  chvirch  ? 

Which  do  you  consider  most  important,  fundamen- 
tally, an  intercessory  missionary  or  one  who  goes  in 
person  ? 

Draw  up  a  definite  schedule  of  the  work  of  an  inter- 
cessorj'^  missionary. 

Why  is  prayer  necessary  to  Christian  life  and  growth? 
How  is  the  necessity  for  prayer  illustrated  in  the  life  of 
Christ? 


The  King's  Treasury  251 

Outline  a  program  of  teaching  concerning  stewardship 
which  meets  the  needs  of  your  society. 

What  plans  can  you  suggest  for  securing  the  practical 
application  of  the  principles  of  stewardship  to  daily  life 
in  your  church? 

Do  you  think  it  possible  for  the  Christian  Church  in 
America  to  meet  its  obligation  financially  toward  the 
non-Christian  world?  Is  it  possible  for  your  denomina- 
tion? For  your  local  church?  What  plans  can  you 
suggest  for  realizing  it  in  your  church? 

What  were  the  receipts  of  your  Board  last  year?  How 
much  does  it  ask  this  year?  How  much  did  your  society 
give  last  year?     How  much  has  it  pledged  this  year? 

If  you  were  a  member  of  your  Board  how  would  you 
answer  an  appeal  for  new  work  where  the  need  and  op- 
portunity were  undoubtedly  very  great,  but  the  necessary 
money  not  in  the  Board  treasury?  What  is  the  respon- 
sibility of  the  local  society  in  opening  new  work?  What 
after  it  is  opened  ? 

State  all  the  arguments  you  can  for  and  against  spe- 
cialized giving.  How  many  of  these  are  met  by  the 
"  station  "  or  "  parish"  plan? 

What  arguments  can  you  give  for  the  every-member 
canvass?  Can  you  give  any  reasons  why  it  is  not  the 
best  plan  for  your  church? 

State  the  arguments  for  equal  quarterly  payments. 

What  necessity  do  you  see  in  your  society  for  a  Con- 
tingent or  Expense  Fund?  What  do  you  think  the  best 
method  of  securing  it? 

What  motives  of  giving  would  you  urge  in  asking  for 
money  for  missions? 


BIBLE    LESSON 

ChrisVs    Gift  for   Us  the   Measure    of  Our    Gift  fat 
Him  :  John  xv.  13;  Romans  v.  8;  I.  John  iii.  16. 


252  The  King's  Business 

REFERENCE   BOOKS 
The  Study  of  Prayer. 

"With    Christ   in    the    School   of    Prayer,"   Murray 

(Revell). 
"The  Ministry  of  Intercession,"  Murray  (Revell). 
"The    Key   to    the    Missionary    Problem,"    Murray 

(American  Tract  Society). 
"Prayer,  Its  Nature  and  Scope,"  Trumbull  (Revell). 
"Secret  Prayer,"  Moule  (Revell). 
"The  Still  Hour,"  Phelps  (Lothrop  Publishing  Co.). 
"  Quiet  Talks  on  Prayer,"  Gordon  (Revell). 
"The  Forgotten  Secret,"  Dawson  (Revell^. 
"  With  God  in  the  World,"  Brent  (Longmans  Green 

&Co.). 
"  A  Mighty  Means  of  Usefulness,"  McClure  (Revell) . 
"  Individual    Prayer   as    a   Working   Force,"   Gregg 

(Revell). 
"The  Practice  of  Prayer,"  Morgan  (Revell). 
"Edinburgh     Conference     Report,"     Volume     VI, 

Chapter  I  (Revell). 
"  Day  Unto  Day,"  Matheson  (Revell). 
"  Yet  Another  Day,"  Jowett  (Revell) . 
"Christ  in  Everyday  Life,"  Bosworth  (Y.  M.  C.  A. 

Press) . 

PAMPHLETS 

"  Prayer  and  Missions,"   a  carton  of  nine  selected 
pamphlets  (Laymen's  Missionary  Movement). 

"The  Secret  Prayer  Life,"  Mott  (Student  Volunteer 
Movement) . 

"  Secret  Prayer  a  Great  Reality,"  Wright  (Student 
Volunteer  Moveinent) . 

"  Christ's  Habits  of  Prayer,"  Gordon  (Revell). 

"Pray  Without   Ceasing:    Helps   to   Intercession," 

Murray  (Revell). 
'Prayers  for  Missions,"  Domestic  and  Foreign  Mis- 
sionary Society  (Protestant  Episcopal  Church). 


The  King's  Treasury  263 


Instances  of  Prayers  Answered. 

"The  Pastor  and  Modern  Missions,"  Chapter  V, 
Mott  (Student  Volunteer  Movement). 

"The  New  Acts  of  the  Apostles,"  Part  V,  Chapter 
VIII,  Pierson  (Revell) . 

"Holding  the  Ropes,"  Chapter  II,  Brain  (Funk  and 
Wagnalls) . 

"  Foreign  Missions,"  Lecture  8,  Thomson  (Scribner). 
"The  Story  of  the  China  Inland  Mission,"  Taylor. 
"Individual   Prayer  as   a  Working  Force,"  Chapter 
IV,  Gregg  (Revell). 

The     Devotional    Element    in    the    Missionary 
Meeting. 

"Holding  the   Ropes,"   Chapters  I,    II,  III,  Brain 

(Funk  and  Wagnalls). 
"The     Missionary     Manual,"     Chapter     VI,    Wells 

(United  Society  of  Christian  Endeavor). 

Stewardship. 

"Stewardship  and  Missions,"  Cook  (American  Bap- 
tist Publication  Society). 

"The  Pastor  and  Modern  Missions,"  Chapter  III, 
Mott  (Student  Volunteer  Movement). 

PAMPHLETS 

A  packet  of  thirteen  booklets  and  leaflets  (Laymen's 
Missionary  Movement). 

A  packet  of  three  booklets  (Student  Volunteer 
Movement). 

Financial     Methods    and     Missionary    Admin- 
istration. 

"The  Why  and  How  of  Foreign  Missions,"  Chapter 
II,  Brown  (Missionary  Education  Movement). 

"Edinburgh  Conference  Report,"  Volume  VI,  Chap- 
ters X,  XII. 

pamphlets 

"The  Church  Missionary  Committee"  (Missionary 
Education  Movement). 

"  Manual  of  Missionary  Methods,"  White.  "  Sugges- 
tions for  the  Every-Member  Canvass  "  (Layrnan's 
Missionary  Movement) . 


CHAPTER  VI. 


THE    UNITY    OF    THE    KINGDOM 


OUTLINE    OF   CHAPTER   VI 

Aim  ;  To  show  that  the  Christian  Church  can  accom- 
plish its  world-wide  task  in  all  its  magnitude  and  urgency 
only  as  it  recognizes  its  unity  in  Christ  and  its  depend- 
ence upon  the  guidance  of  the  Holy  Spirit. 

I.     Divine  Sufficiency  and  Human  Responsibility. 

II.     An  Adequate  Share  of  the  Whole  Task,  to  be  met 
by  Christian  Women. 

1.  Through  denominational  channels. 

2.  By  co-operation  with  other  denominations. 

III.  Federation  of  Women's  Missionary  Societies. 
In  cities  and  towns. 

Officers,  meetings,  objective,  province. 

1.  An  Expanding  Force. 

(1)  Concrete  help  for  small  or  weak  societies. 

(2)  Organization  of  new  societies. 

(3)  Growth  in  membership. 

(4)  Enlistment  of  young  women. 

(5)  A  concerted  and  systematic  publicity. 

a.  Creating  an  atmosphere. 

b.  Printed  matter. 

c.  The  public  press. 

2.  An  Educational  Force. 

(1)  The  large  study  class,  the  lecture  class. 

(2)  The  normal  study  class. 

(3)  Library  facilities. 

a.  The  public  library. 

b.  Church  and  private  libraries. 

3.  A  Spiritual  Force. 

4.  A  Conserving  Force. 
In  the  state. 

1.  Development  of  Territory. 

(1)  City  federations. 

(2)  Strategic  centers  and  small  auxiliary  towns. 

(3)  Rural  communities 

2.  Effective  Agencies. 

(1)  The  Summer  School  of  Missions. 

(2)  Institutes.     Nation-wide  federation. 

IV.  The  Finished  Kingdom  and  Forces  That  Hasten  It. 


CHAPTER   VI 

THE    UNITY    OF    THE    KINGDOM 

Amid  the  complexity  of  opportunity  presenting  Who  is 
itself  before  us,  the  maze  of  effort  opening  to  in-  Sufficient? 
volve  us,  courage  falters,  and  doubt  as  to  the 
possibility  of  victory  assails  us.  On  the  one 
hand,  ''the  ever  rising,  never  ceasing  voice  of 
the  world's  need  is  crying  at  our  doors  and  will 
not  hold  its  peace";  on  the  other  hand,  as  our 
response  to  this  the  greatest  challenge  in  history, 
are  inertia  and  indifference  that  yield  feebly  or 
not  at  all,  the  inadequacy  of  human  agencies, 
the  insufficiency  of  human  effort,  the  lack  of 
leaders  with  ability,  confidence  and  enthusiasm, 
ineffective  organization,  halting  rfiachinery,  a 
bewildering  variety  of  plans  and  methods  whose 
adaptability  seems  uncertain  and  whose  connec- 
tion with  the  real  and  final  issues  at  stake  seems 
vague  and  remote.  Who  is  sufficient  to  fuse 
these  elements  into  a  triumphant  force  for  shaping 
the  destinies  of  nations  into  one  Kingdom? 

"In  the   face  of  the   opportunity    and   need,'"   The 
says   a   recent  writer  in   ''The  Chronicle  of  the  ^^^^^"^'°''' 
London   Missionary    Society,"    "we   are   driven  ° 
back   and    back,   beyond   our  sufficiency   in   our- 
selves or  our  organization;  beyond  the  sufficiency 
of  our  faith   in  God,  which   is  broken  and  weak; 


256  The  King's  Business 


Bl 

Divine 

Guidance 


beyond  the  sufficiency  of  our  belief  in  God,  which 
is  narrow  and  often  grotesque ;  back  and  back  to 
the  sufficiency  of  God  alone."  And  so  out  of 
discouragement  and  faithlessness,  two  facts  emerge 
clear  and  strong,  the  absolute  sufficiency  of  God 
to  bring  ultimate  and  glorious  victory,  and  the 
dependence  of  His  work  in  the  world  upon  human 
agencies  free  and  unhampered  for  His  use.  It  is 
only  as  He  dominates  individual  lives  and  moulds 
them  to  His  purpose  that  they  become  invincible. 
Our  Respon-  The  consciousness  of  God's  power  and  guidance 
ibihty  under  docs  not  Icsscn  but  increases  human  responsibil- 
ity to  develop  all  agencies  and  movements  under 
His  dominating  influence  to  their  farthest  limit 
of  usefulness.  Mr.  J.  Campbell  White  at  the 
Edinburgh  Conference  named  five  principles 
which  he  declared  capable  of  universal  applica- 
tion in  the  solution  of  the  problems  of  the  home 
base.  (1)  That  we  define  the  whole  task.  (2) 
That  we  undertake  the  whole  task.  (3)  That 
we  confront  the  whole  community  with  its  united 
task.  (4)  That  we  enlist  the  whole  constituency 
of  each  church.  (5)  That  we  claim  the  whole 
personality  of  each  member. 
The  Vision  of  The  woman's-  missionary  society  that  with 
the  Woman  s  ardent  spirit  seeks  to  comprehend  and  attempt  its 
adequate  share  of  the  whole  task  must  approach 
it  from  three  angles  of  vision.  (1)  It  must  look 
out  over  the  great  world  where  a  thousand  mil- 
lions of  people  wait  for  a  knowledge  of  Christ. 
It   must   not   shrink   from   the  immensity,  nor  be 


Society. 


The  Unity  of  the  Kingdom  257 

dull  to  the  responsibility  of  the  undertaking  in 
its  entirety.  (2)  It  must  recognize  and  accept 
the  definite  responsibility  of  its  own  denomination 
and  must  know  by  careful  study  not  only  the 
forces  at  work  but  also  the  extent  of  unreached 
fields.  In  so  far  as  the  young  people  and  the 
children  of  the  church  are  directly  committed  to 
its  care,  it  must  seek  their  development  in  the 
Sunday  School,  in  Bands,  in  Young  People's  and 
Young  Women's  Societies  as  carefully  as  it 
studies  the  growth  of  its  own  work.  (3)  With- 
out annulling  or  weakening  its  loyalty  to  the 
whole  task  of  a  united  church,  in  which  all  its 
effort  culminates,  it  must  clearly  face  and  inter- 
pret the  specific  responsibility  of  the  women  of 
Christian  lands  to  the  women  of  the  non-Christian 
world, — its  extent,  its  distinctive  and  insistent 
appeal  and  its  universally  binding  obligation. 

The  whole  aim  of  this  study  has  been  to  arouse  Vision  anc 
the  local  society  to  a  desire  to  see  its  world-task  Task, 
a  little  more  clearly  in  its  threefold  aspect,  and  to 
bring  to  its  accomplishment  the  intelligent  and 
sympathetic  consideration,  the  prayer-filled  fervor, 
and  the  patient,  gradual  attainment  which  are 
supreme  factors '  in  the  realization  of  any  great 
vision.  It  has  attempted  to  suggest  a  program 
(1)  of  investigation  of  facts  and  forces  and  boun- 
dary lines;  (2)  of  organization  of  available  re- 
sources to  yield  largest  results;  (3)  of  enlistment 
of  recruits  ;  (4)  of  education  to  fit  them  for  action  ; 
(5)  of  surrender  of  the  whole   life   to  service   in 


258 


The  King's  Business 


Contact  -witli 
Denomijia- 
tional 
Agencies. 


Contact  -witli 
Other  De- 
nominations. 


terms  of  intercession,  money,  personality.  No 
local  society  can  attempt  to  meet  its  obligation 
with  a  program  less  inclusive,  though  every 
society  can  and  must  build  up  for  itself  the 
details  by  a  process  of  evolution.  The  one  human 
essential  is  that  the  realization  shall  become  a 
consuming  purpose,  burning  out  every  lesser 
aim,  gathering  to  itself  all  possible  help,  both 
Divine  and  human,  keeping  the  ideals  high,  and 
seeking  alw^ays  to  glorify  God  and  serve  His 
ends,  rather  than  to  magnify  the  means  by  v^^hich 
the  ends  are  wrought. 

The  challenge  of  the  work  will  be  more  stimu- 
lating and  its  difficulties  lessened  by  constant  and 
vital  contact  with  others  who  are  meeting  the 
same  problems  and  working  toward  the  same 
ends.  No  local  society  can  accomplish  its  own 
development  without  continual  reliance  upon  its 
state  and  district  denominational  societies  and  its 
Woman's  Board,  and  that  helpful  interchange  of 
suggestion  and  experience  that  brings  breadth 
of  view,  the  solution  of  common  difficulties,  and 
a  sustained  assurance  of  final  success.  Active 
participation  in  the  meetings  of  state  and  district 
organizations  and,  if  possible,  of  the  Board,  is 
essential  to  the  local  society  as  are  the  visits 
which  it  receives  from  missionaries,  field  secreta- 
ries and  other  official  representatives. 

In  these  latter  days  we  are  learning  that  it  is 
also  necessary  to  touch  the  centers  of  missionary 
activity  of  other  denominations  and  to  draw  from 


^  The  Unity  of  the  Kingdom  259 

them  the  stimulus  and  vigor  of  fresh  life  and 
individuality.  Unity  means  less  emphasis  on 
non-essentials,  strengthening  of  the  great  aims  we 
hold  in  common,  smaller  loss  by  duplication, 
larger  effectiveness  and  reinforcement  by  con- 
certed action,  and  final  victory.  As  the  women 
of  a  community  learn  together  to  face  their  whole 
task  and  measure  themselves  by  its  requirements 
they  will  have  a  broader  and  saner  perspective 
and  the  joy  and  courage  that  come  from  com- 
radeship in  a  great  and  growing  campaign. 
This  interdenominational  fellowship  may  be  pro- 
moted through  some  simple  form  of  co-operative 
action;  perhaps  best  through  a  federation  of 
women's  missionary  societies. 

What  then,  is  a  missionary  federation,  what  is  A  Missionary 
its  purpose,  and  what  means  does  it  use  for  its  Federation, 
accomplishment?  A  missionary  federation,  vari- 
ously designated  as  a  Union,  an  Interdenomina- 
tional Committee,  a  Continuation  Committee,  is 
an  organization  composed  of  all  societies  con- 
nected with  the  churches  of  a  city  or  given 
locality,  whose  purpose  is  the  promotion  of  work 
for  missions.  The  constitution  of  one  such 
Union  thus  defines  its  object: — 

To  enlarge  knowledge  of  mission  work  carried  on 
by  all  evangelical  Christians ;  to  enkindle  greater  in- 
terest; to  add  to  the  efficiency  of  our  separate  societies 
by  comparison  of  plans  and  methods  successfully  used ; 
to  encourage  systematic  and  liberal  giving;  to  pro- 
mote definite  and  intelligent  study,  united  prayer  and 
effort  for  the  extension  of  the  one  Kingdom  of  our 
Lord  Jesus  Christ, 


260 


The  King's  Business 


Organization.  Its  Organization  should  be  kept  as  simple  as 
possible  that  it  may  not  become  burdensome  or 
interfere  with  the  denominational  activities  which 
it  plans  to  serve.  But  simplicity  need  not  mean 
meagerness  or  vagueness.  Its  officers  are  usually 
a  president,  vice  president,  secretary  and  treas- 
urer, with  either  a  vice  president,  a  secretary  or 
one  or  more  accredited  representatives  from  each 
church  or  society  enrolled,  the  latter  usually 
chosen  by  the  organizations  they  represent.  The 
representatives  should  be  women  of  influence 
who  can  command  the  support  of  their  societies 
for  the  united  plans.  Such  a  group  of  women 
working  together  with  "one  heart,  one  way," 
will  form  that  deep  and  priceless  fellowship 
whose  magnetic  power  has  been  one  of  the  ele- 
ments of  strength  in  union  effort.  The  federa- 
tion loses  its  whole  force,  unless  it  commands 
representatives  from  every  church  in  the  territory 
it  covers,  the  largest  and  smallest  churches  profit- 
ing alike  in  its  labors  and  benefits.  The  range 
of  committees  covers  the  varying  lines  of  work 
selected, — Policy  and  Methods,  Invitations,  Nom- 
inations, Young  Women,  Publicity,  Prayer, 
Mission  Study,  Library,  Programs. 
Meetings.  Regular  meetings  are  usually  held  quarterly  or 

semi-annually.  Both  the  Jubilee  and  Post-Jubi- 
lee Campaigns  have  left  us  with  abundant  ex- 
perience and  suggestive  subjects  and  material  for 
such  meetings.  The  annual  meeting  should  have 
a   conservation   program,  where   not   simply   the 


The  Unity  of  the  Kingdom  261 

past  year  of  the  Union  is  reviewed,  but  where  the 
whole  missionary  effort  of  the  community  is  col- 
lated. The  usual  all-day  meeting,  with  the 
luncheon  at  noon,  is  one  of  the  strongest  factors 
in  the  social  possibilities  of  the  Union.  One 
service  should  be  given  wholly  to  prayer.  There 
may  be  arranged  any  number  of  conferences,  dis- 
cussions or  studies  of  phases  of  the  work  which 
may  later  be  emphasized  simultaneously  by  all 
participating  societies.  *  If  the  Jubilee  brought  us 
no  other  or  deeper  lesson,  it  taught  us  the  tremen- 
dous multiplication  of  strength  in  a  united  appeal 
to  the  women  who  are  not  interested  in  missions. 
Every  federation  should  plan  at  least  one  meet- 
ing a  year  distinctively  for  those  who  are  unaware 
of  the  need  and  significance  of  woman's  work  for 
missions  and  its  claim  upon  their  sympathy  and 
endeavor.  Whether  it  be  a  luncheon,  a  dinner, 
a  reception,  let  all  the  ingenuity  of  the  commit- 
tee be  expended  upon  finding  the  point  of  con- 
tact in  lives  hitherto  untouched  and  relating  them 
in  a  definite  way  to  Christ's  program  of  service 
for  the  world. 

The  missionary  federation  as  an  active  force  otjective. 
in  woman's  organized  effort  is  of  comparatively 
recent  origin.  Here  and  there  Unions  have  been 
formed,  one  historic  society  dating  back  to  1870. 
Gradually  and  quietly  the  number  has  grown  as 
through  the  years  we  have  come  to  recognize 
that,  if  we  would  move  the  world  a  little  nearer 
God,    we   must   all    lift   together.      But   in   most 


262  The  King's  Business 

cases  these  Unions  lacked  the  big  and  definite 
objective  that  gives  cohesive  power,  until  the 
Women's  Missionary  Jubilee  swept  them  to- 
gether and  women  throughout  the  land  found 
themselves  one  in  purpose,  prayer  and  effort. 
The  Jubilee  itself  and  the  Post- Jubilee  Cam- 
paign for  membership  and  magazine  subscrip- 
tions furnished  exactly  the  impetus  for  correlated 
endeavor  that  was  needed  to  demonstrate  its  un- 
dreamed resources,  and  Continuation  Committees 
have  since  been  organized  in  city,  town  and 
hamlet.  Something  more,  however,  than  a 
warmth  of  fellowship  and  a  common  memory  of 
past  achievement  is  required  to  perpetuate  and 
strengthen  the  bond.  Every  federation  should 
have  a  distinct  statement  of  purpose  and  a 
clearly,  though  simply,  organized  effort  to  reach 
it.  An  admirable  example  is  the  policy  adopted 
by  the  Continuation  Committee  in  an  Eastern 
city;— 

(a)  Mission  Study.  That  we  co-operate,  wherever 
possible,  with  the  Young  Women's  Christian  Associa- 
tion in  introducing  and  fostering  mission  study  in 
Nurses'  Training  Schools ;  that  we  follow  up  the 
interest  aroused  among  the  young  girls  by  securing 
leaders  and  forming  classes  among  them;  and  that  in 
all  we  aim  for  the  organizing  of  not  less  than  one  hun- 
dred new  study  classes  within  a  year  from  the  date  of 
the  Jubilee.  We  suggest  that  the  Continuation  Com- 
mittee place  one  of  its  members  in  charge  of  this 
important  department. 

(3)  Missionary  Candidates.  That  we  renew  our  pur- 
pose to  bring  missions  as  a  life  work   before  the  young 


The  Unity  of  the  Kingdom  263 

women  of  our  churches,  and  by  watchfulness  and  prayer 
prepare  the  way  for  God  to  call  them  into  service  as 
missionaries. 

(c)  Membership.  That  we  enter  upon  a  determined 
effort  to  win  every  woman  in  our  churches  into  active 
co-operation  with  the  missionary  society,  and  that  in 
order  to  make  the  task  definite  we  aim  in  the  year  end- 
ing February  8,  1912,  for  a  twenty  per  cent  increase  in 
the  membership  of  our  societies. 

(</)  Gifts.  That  we  set  for  ourselves  as  individuals, 
and  for  our  societies,  a  new  standard  of  giving;  and 
that  we  resolutely  hold  before  our  women  such  a 
percentage  of  advance  in  giving  as  may  have  been 
determined  upon  by  our  denominational  general 
organizations. 

(e)  Prayer.  That  we  recognize  in  a  more  experi- 
mental way  than  ever  before  the  enormous  power  of 
believing  prayer  as  a  factor  in  the  evangelizing  of  the 
world ;  and  that  we  endeavor  to  increase  the  number  of 
women  in  our  societies  who  will  *'pray  in  earnestness 
for  the  extraordinary,  the  limitless,  the  glorious  .  .  . 
pray  with  real  confidence  for  blessings  of  the  realiza- 
tion of  which  we  cannot  even  imagine  a  way,  .  .  .  for  we 
believe  in  an  infinite  Father." 

A  missionary  federation,  if  it  serves  its  constit-   Results  of 
uent  societies  rightly  and  helpfully,  acts   as  (1)   Federation, 
an  expanding  force;   (2)  as  an  educational  force; 
(3)   as     a    spiritual   force;    (4)  as    a    conserving 
force. 

1.   An  Expanding  Force.      The  first  effort  of  Expansion, 
a  federation  would  naturally  be  a  study  of  its  ter- 
ritory and  the  formation  of  plans  that  w^ill  meet 
the     individual     needs     and     circumstances     dis- 
closed.     It   must   enlist   every  society  within    its 


264 


The  King's  Business 


Mutual 
Helpfulness. 


Organization 


bounds  that  is  organized  for  the  promotion  of 
work  for  missions,  draw  them  into  active  par- 
ticipation, and  classify  them  in  such  a  way  that 
by  a  process  of  exchange,  each  may  help  the 
other  and  all  together  achieve  a  symmetrical  ad- 
vance. 

(1)  Concrete  help  for  small  or  weak  societies. 
Numberless  ways  will  present  themselves  by 
which  small  or  weak  societies  may  feel  the  tonic 
of  the  fellowship  of  the  federation  and  receive  its 
guidance  and  fostering  care.  Organization  may 
be  improved  by  practical  suggestions  from  those 
of  wider  experience,  and  new  life  infused  into  a 
band  struggling  against  discouragement.  It 
would  easily  be  possible  for  the  large,  strong 
societies  in  a  city  to  agree  to  furnish  one  or  more 
visitors  regularly  for  smaller  societies  in  their 
neighborhood,  either  to  take  an  active  place  on 
the  program,  or  simply  to  speak  an  inspiring 
word.  Occasionally  a  whole  society  might  go 
in  a  body  to  a  neighboring  meeting,  furnishing 
the  program,  if  desired,  or  Reciprocity  Days 
might  be  regularly  maintained  by  adjacent 
societies. 

(2)  Organization  of  New  Societies.  A  federa- 
tion should  acquire  a  list  of  all  churches  in  its 
territory  which  are  without  missionary  societies, 
and  learn  the  reasons  for  the  lack.  If  state  offi- 
cers and  local  workers  know  that  in  the  venture 
they  may  depend  upon  the  support  of  experi- 
enced helpers  from  adjacent   churches   until  the 


Go  Yc, 
Make  Disciples  of  All  The  Nations 


WANTED 

Well  Educated 

Young  Women 

Unlimited  Openings 
for 

DOCTORS 
NURSES 
TEACHERS 
KINDERGARTNERS 

Among 

India's  50,000,000  Outcasts 
Black- Veiled  Moslem  Sisters 
China's  Eager  Multitudes 

No  One  Is  Urged  To  Go 


Thoughtful  young  ■women  between  the  ages  of  17  and  35  are  urged 
to  investigate  the  Mission  Field  as  a  career. 

For  further  information 

apply  to  ^A^oman's  Board. 


The  Unity  of  the  Kingdom  265 


society  is  well  established,  organization  is 
often  possible.  Several  small  churches  in  a 
neighborhood,  even  of  different  denominations, 
might  be  encouraged  to  form  one  strong  union 
society. 

(3)  Growth  in  Membership.  A  federation  increased 
most  of  whose  societies  are  provided  with  a  com-  Memberskip. 
plete  card  index  of  their  constituency  and  with 
thorough  and  accurate  information  concerning 
them  will  soon  inspire  such  system  in  all.  These 
records  complete,  the  secretaries  of  the  separate 
societies  might  form  a  union  committee  to  study 
their  lists  together  and  check  up  the  women  who 
are  not  reached  by  any  society.  The  rightful 
responsibility  for  all  women  outside  the  churches, 
often  some  of  the  most  influential  in  the  com- 
munity, rests  with  the  federation,  and  without 
overlapping  or  rivalry  this  committee  could  study 
methods  of  approach,  pray  definitely  together, 
and  devise  ways  of  winning  them  one  by  one. 
There  are  few  cities  or  towns  without  a  Federa- 
tion of  Women's  Clubs,  and  women  thus  united 
can  understand  and  appreciate  the  appeal  of  a 
similar  federation,  if  it  is  presented  to  them  as  a 
field  for  larger  service.  In  a  majority  of  cases, 
the  membership  of  all  women's  missionary 
societies  probably  aggregates  more  than  that  of 
the  federated  clubs.  This  massing  of  forces  in- 
creases their  dignity  and  influence  with  those 
outside  their  ranks,  and  the  sense  of  responsi- 
bility of  those  within. 


^66 


The  King*s  Business 


Appeal  to 

Young 

T^omcn. 


(4)  Enlistment  of  Young  Women.      The  feder- 
ation will  greatly  strengthen  the  appeal  for  mis- 
sions especially  to  the  young  women  of  a  city  or 
community  by  a  united  presentation  of  its  claims 
for    life   service   both    abroad   and   at    the   home 
base.     Local  societies  may  be  taught  to  regard  it 
an  important  part  of  their  duty  deliberately  and 
thoughtfully  to  seek  volunteers  for  foreign  service, 
especially  where  special  fitness  for  specific  forms 
of  work   is  known,  and   to   bring  them  in  contact 
with  the  Mission  Boards.     Leaders  for  the  varied 
activities  of  the  home  base  must  be   found   and 
trained.      Special   evening  mission  study   classes 
for    nurses,    doctors,    teachers   and   other   profes- 
sional and  businesswomen  have  been  successful 
in  some  cities.     Said  Mrs.  Thomas  S.  Gladding 
at    the    Edinburgh     Conference,    speaking   as   a 
representative    of    the    National    Board    of    the 
Young   Women's    Christian  Associations  of  the 
United  States  of  America: — 

Let  me  say  to  you  out  of  my  knowledge  of  the 
women  students  in  the  United  States  and  Canada  during 
the  past  fifteen  years,  that,  if  we  are  to  have  more  of 
them  in  our  mission  fields  and  societies,  we  must,  as  a 
sort  of  united  federation  of  Women's  Boards,  take  an 
advanced  step.  Many  a  young  woman  will  come  into 
the  missionary  enterprise  in  her  own  church  and  in  her 
own  denomination,  if  she  sees  there  is  that  solidarity 
about  this  enterprise  which  is  recognized  by  all  the 
women  of  all  the  Women's  Boards.  If  Women's 
Boards  could  more  and  more  unite  in  various  ways  so 
that  there  shall  be  this  solidarity  and  statesmanlike 
way  of  action,  we  shall    have  a  host  of  women  who  are 


The  Unity  of  the  Kingdom  267 

trained,  who  will    come   into    our   missionary    societies 
and  give  their  hearts  and  souls  to  this  work. 

(5)  A  concerted  and  systematic  publicity.  Publicity. 
From  one  standpoint,  publicity  means  an  easy 
and  questionable  notoriety  that  believes  its  ends 
accomplished  if  its  name  appears  frequently  in 
print,  especially  if  the  type  be  large.  From 
another  standpoint,  it  means  a  conservative,  edu- 
cative campaign  by  which  those  who  possess 
something  of  great  value  make  known  its  advan- 
tages to  those  unaware  of  it.  An  organization 
representing  the  great  issues  of  the  missionary 
propaganda  cannot  afford  to  neglect  the  latter 
kind  of  publicity.  The  Jubilee  was  a  revelation 
of  the  possibilities  of  dignified,  but  effective  and 
confident  publicity.  The  missionary  federation 
has  here  a  distinct  field  that  can  be  filled  by  none 
of  its  societies  separately.  It  has  no  more  im- 
portant committee  than  that  on  publicity.  This 
committee  should  make  a  careful  study  of  the 
whole  science  and  be  guided  by  a  continuous 
plan,  not  by  unrelated,  intermittent  impulses. 
This  plan  may  include: — 

(a)  Creating  an  Atmosphere.  The  federation  Atmospte: 
must  help  to  visualize  world  movements  before 
the  community  and  to  mould  sentiment  concern- 
ing them.  What  the  people  of  the  community 
think  of  missions  may  be  influenced  by  one  or 
more  individuals  or  societies:  it  can  be  largely 
determined  by  the  impression  which  the  federa- 
tion makes  as  a  whole. 


268  The  King's  Business 

Printed  (^)  Printed    Matter.      The     leaflets   and    pam- 

Matter.  phlets  furnished  by  the  Boards,  when  judiciously 

and  effectively  circulated  by  a  federation  com- 
mittee, can  often  obtain  a  reading  that  would  be 
denied  to  an  individual  society.  As  a  federation 
grows,  it  can  issue  its  own  material,  meeting 
specific  conditions  and  demands.  A  federation 
committee  should  study  thoroughly  the  literature 
of  the  Jubilee,  of  the  Laymen's  Missionary 
Movement,  of  the  Men  and  Religion  Movement, 
and  of  the  recent  Home  Mission  Week  Campaign. 
Intelligently  interpreted,  such  a  study  might  trans- 
form advertising  methods,  not  only  in  women's 
societies,  but  throughout  the  local  church. 
The  Press.  (c)  The    Public    Press.      The    members    of    a 

publicity  committee  may  through  the  public 
press  reach  thousands  never  found  at  a  missionary 
meeting,  nor  accessible  by  distinctive  missionary 
literature,  but  they  must  learn  to  be  subject  to 
press  rules,  considerate  of  press  interests,  and 
becomingly  grateful  for  press  courtesies.  They 
must  not,  for  the  dignity  of  the  cause  they  repre- 
sent, continually  accept  favors  without  giving  an 
equivalent  in  money,  loyal  support,  or  news, 
readable  from  the  viewpoint  of  the  paper  and  the 
public.  Letters  from  missionaries  and  other 
authentic  and  often  exclusive  material  regarding 
countries  on  which  the  attention  of  the  world  is 
focused  might  be  thus  used  by  missionary  socie- 
ties for  the  glory  and  lasting  profit  of  the  King- 
dom of  God.      But  they  must  learn  to  distinguish 


The  Unity  of  the  Kingdom  269 

between  the  relative  news  value  of  facts  at  their 
command,  and  to  present  them  in  concise  and 
compelling  form.  Every  message  from  the  field 
and  all  local  notices  of  their  own  work  should  be 
so  worded  as  to  utilize  to  the  limit  the  space 
accorded  with  fresh  and  attractive  material. 

2.   An  Educational  Force,      The   educational   An  Educa- 
value  of  the   federation   has   perhaps   been  more  tional  Force, 
conclusively   demonstrated  than  any  other  phase 
of    its   effort.      Three     lines    of    activity  may   be 
mentioned  which  have  been  widely  used  by  these 
federation  committees. 

(1)  The  large  study  class,  or  lecture  class,  or  The  Lecture 
extension  lecture,  whose  distinguishing  features  Class. 
were  described  in  chapter  fourth.  The  large 
general  committee  represents  every  denomination 
and,  if  possible,  every  church  in  the  city.  It  is 
organized  with  chairman,  vice  chairman,  secre- 
tary and  treasurer,  and  with  sub-committees  on 
printing,  publicity,  place  of  meeting,  sale  of 
tickets,  registration,  program,  sale  and  distribu- 
tion of  text-books  and  literature,  care  and  circu- 
lation of  reference  books,  pictures,  curios,  charts, 
maps  and  mottoes,  music  and  the  social  half 
hour  which  sometimes  follows  the  sessions. 
Public  announcement  is  made  through  press, 
pulpit,  church  bulletins  and  special  circulars, 
but  strongest  reliance  is  placed  on  thorough 
private  invitation.  Course  tickets,  varying  in 
price  from  fifty  cents  to  one  dollar,  sometimes 
in  the  latter  case  including  a  copy  of  the  mission 


270  The  King's  Business 

study  text-book,  are  sold  throughout  the  churches. 
In  some  instances  no  tickets  are  sold,  but  a  vol- 
untary offering  is  taken  at  one  or  more  sessions, 
or  the  expense  is  proportioned  among  the  par- 
ticipating denominations  and  the  course  made 
entirely  free.  Meetings  are  held  in  private 
drawing-rooms,  clubrooms,  hotel  banquet  halls 
and  parlors  or  in  churches.  They  usually  cover 
six  successive  weeks,  meeting  once  a  week  for  an 
hour  and  a  half  in  the  morning,  afternoon  or 
evening.  In  the  case  of  the  extension  lectures  the 
meetings  are  often  held  on  six  successive  days. 
A  different  denomination  has  charge  of  each 
session  and  conducts  the  opening  devotional 
period.  The  large  classes  usually  have  the  same 
leader  throughout,  the  members  furnishing  the 
program  under  her  direction.  The  lectures  are 
given  sometimes  by  one  person;  sometimes  each 
denomination  furnishes  a  speaker,  or  half  a  dozen 
pastors  are  asked  to  take  the  chapters  of  the 
text-book  in  turn.  Diagrams,  charts  and  out- 
lines for  taking  notes  are  furnished,  with  lists  of 
books  for  outside  reading,  and  opportunity  is 
sometimes  given  at  the  close  for  questions  and 
discussion.  Remarkable  success  has  everywhere 
attended  these  interdenominational  classes  and 
lectures,  both  in  cities  and  small  towns,  the  en- 
rollment in  some  cases  reaching  five  hundred, 
and  including  many  who  never  before  attended 
missionary  meetings.  The  world  significance  of 
missions   has  been  shown  by  educational  leaders 


The  Unity  of  the  Kingdom  271 

of  recognized  ability  and  has  exerted  marked  in- 
fluence. One  of  the  largest  and  most  influential 
Women's  Clubs  in  the  country  has  recently 
offered  a  similar  course  of  lectures  to  its  own 
membership  through  its  Educational  Department. 

(2)  The  Normal  Study  Class.  In  both  large  Normal 
and  small  study  classes  there  is  a  constant  and  Clasees. 
unmet  demand  for  leaders,  and  the  federation  has 
no  more  fruitful  or  important  field  than  to  pro- 
vide normal  training  for  those  who  will  in  turn 
lead  other  classes.  In  many  cities  such  training 
centers  have  been  successfully  established  and 
they  are  possible  in  every  city  and  town.  In 
some  cases  an  annual  Mission  Study  Institute  is 
held,  where  classes,  limited  in  number,  are  con- 
ducted morning,  afternoon  and  evening  for  a 
given  time  by  a  well-known  specialist.  Or 
they  are  held  weekly  for  seven  successive  weeks 
by  a  local  leader.  The  city  is  districted,  a  com- 
mittee representing  every  denomination  is  ap- 
pointed, and  each  auxiliary  is  visited  and  urged 
to  send  at  least  one  representative.  The  number 
in  each  class  is  limited  to  ten  or  fifteen  and  new 
classes  are  formed  as  necessary.  The  fee  is 
usually  one  dollar,  to  defray  class  expense,  and 
no  one  is  admitted  who  will  not  pledge  herself 
to  own  the  text-book,  do  a  reasonable  amount  of 
study  (not  less  than  one  hour  a  lesson)  and  re- 
peat the  course  in  her  own  church.  No  one  is 
eligible  for  a  second  course  who  has  not  met  these 
requirements.      All  members  are  expected  to  fur- 


272  The  King's  Business 

nish  themselves  also  with  the  teaching  helps  pro- 
vided by  their  own  Boards.  The  first  session  is 
devoted  to  a  discussion  of  ways  of  using  these 
helps  to  the  best  advantage,  and  instruction  and 
practice  are  given  constantly  throughout  the 
course  in  the  selection  and  use  of  material,  the 
preparation  of  outlines  and  assignments,  the  art 
of  asking  questions,  and  other  practical  phases 
of  the  leader's  training. 
Results  from  The  far-reaching  results  of  this  form  of  normal 

the  Class.  class  work  cannot  be  too  strongly  emphasized.    A 

concrete  instance  is  found  in  one  Eastern  city 
where,  in  the  course  of  six  years,  three  hundred 
women  have  studied  under  one  leader  alone. 
Hundreds  of  classes  have  followed  not  only  in 
that  vicinity,  but  throughout  the  country,  as  the 
students  have  scattered  far  and  wide.  An  Alum- 
nae Association,  with  a  membership  of  one  hun- 
dred and  seventy-five  women,  gives  more  than  one 
thousand  dollars  annually  to  missions.  A  Calen- 
dar with  daily  Bible  text,  prayer  and  items  of 
missionary  information  is  published  each  year, 
and,  while  its  chief  object  has  been  to  stimulate 
daily  intercessory  prayer,  over  sixteen  hundred 
dollars  have  been  sent  to  the  field  as  a  financial 
outcome  of  its  widespread  use.  As  for  the  in- 
tangible results,  who  shall  number  them? 
Use  of  (3)  (a)  The   public   library  exists   to  serve  the 

Libraries;  largest   possible  number   and,  if   those   interested 

create  a  demand  for  the   literature  of  missions,  it 
will   be  met.      Almost  any  library  will  at   the  re- 


Publ 


The  Unity  of  the  Kingdom  273 

quest  of  an  organization  representing  so  large  a 
constituency  install  a  missionary  alcove  or  depart- 
ment. Sometimes  the  library  itself  will  prepare 
a  special  catalogue  of  the  books  bearing  directly 
or  indirectly  on  the  subject  of  missions,  or  it 
may  be  prepared  by  the  library  committee  of  the 
federation.  The  committee  should  also  place 
in  the  library  copies  of  all  leaflets  published  by 
the  various  Boards  bearing  on  the  mission  study 
topics  for  the  current  year  and  catalogues  of 
leaflet  supplies  of  all  Boards,  of  the  Student  . 
Volunteer  Movement,  the  Laymen's  Missionary 
Movement  and  of  the  Missionary  Education 
Movement.  At  their  request  the  leading  mis- 
sionary periodicals  may  be  supplied  by  the 
library  authorities,  and  the  denominational 
w^omen's  and  children's  magazines  by  the  consti- 
tuent societies. 

(3)  Church  libraries  and  even  private  libraries  Private, 
will  often  upon  request  be  placed  at  the  disposal 
of  the  entire  federation.  Typewritten  lists  of  all 
books  on  missions  or  allied  subjects  thus  acces- 
sible may  be  prepared.  These  will  prove  very 
useful  in  the  smaller  towns.  These  lists,  with 
the  catalogue  of  books  in  the  public  library,  may 
be  placed  in  each  church  and  revised  from  year 
to  year  to  include  current  subjects  of  study. 
Early  in  the  fall  each  church  may  file  with  the 
library  committee  of  the  federation  the  study 
classes  to  be  conducted  by  their  men's,  women's 
or  young  people's  societies   during  the  year,  and 


274 


The  King's  Business 


Spiritual 
Influence. 


lists  of  reference  books  and  magazine  articles  may 
be  prepared  for  their  use. 

3.  A  Spiritual  Force,  More  than  any  other 
large  organization  of  women  the  federation  pre- 
eminently represents  the  things  of  the  Spirit 
before  the  community,  and  only  as  it  exalts  the 
spiritual  will  its  executive  effort  be  redeemed 
from  multiplied  machinery  and  its  educational 
effort  from  the  purely  cultural.  It  must  empha- 
size this  aspect  always  in  its  influence  upon  the 
plans  of  individual  societies.  It  must  strive  to 
improve  and  increase  methods  of  prayer  and 
Bible  study,  to  stimulate  the  use  of  prayer  cycles 
and  literature,  to  form  pledged  prayer  bands, 
and  to  organize  interdenominational  neighbor- 
hood prayer  circles.  It  may  conduct  large  Bible 
classes  for  women  similar  to  its  mission  study 
classes  and  lectures.  The  observance  of  the  Day 
of  United  Prayer  for  Foreign  Missions  in  Janu- 
ary should  mark  the  culmination  of  its  power  and 
helpfulness  to  societies  and  individual  members. 
Conservation.  4.  A  Conserving  Force.  The  federation  must 
act  as  a  spur  to  the  unambitious  society,  a  probe 
to  the  satisfied,  an  inspiration  to  the  discouraged, 
a  helping  hand  to  the  weak,  and  a  mirror  to  all, 
showing  them  their  own  work  as  it  actually  is 
and  as  it  appears  to  an  outsider.  It  should  every- 
where make  better  achievement  necessary  and 
larger  achievement  possible.  It  may  focus  on 
each  society  the  hopes  and  successes  of  all,  and 
thus  while  it  throws  upon  each  the  responsibility 


The  Unity  of  the  Kingdom  275 

for  its  own  development,  it  may  constantly  incite 
to  a  distinct  aim  and  policy  and  a  concentrated 
effort  to  realize  them.  The  presidents  of  these 
societies  may  together  frankly  confront  the  points 
of  weakness  in  each  organization  and  frame  a 
composite  policy  to  cover  them.  An  annual 
city-wide  mission  study  campaign  should  be  an 
established  feature.  Group  councils  and  train- 
ing classes  for  different  departments  may  be  held 
from  time  to  time  for  Sunday  School  workers, 
leaders  of  children's  bands,  and  young  women's 
societies.  A  course  in  story  telling  for  children 
may  be  offered  to  mothers,  librarians,  and  teachers. 
Missionary  pageants  and  story  hours  may  be 
given  for  the  children  themselves.  For  purposes 
of  comparison  and  exchange,  the  secretary  of  the 
federation  should  have  records  of  all  societies 
enrolled,  their  membership,  gifts,  number  and 
character  of  meetings,  interest  in  special  fields, 
inagazine  subscriptions,  study  classes,  proportion 
of  women  in  the  church  unreached.  By  thorough 
system,  these  statistics  may  be  gathered  and  tab- 
ulated   by   card    index    without   excessive   labor. 

Records  of  successful  plans  and  methods  may 
also  be  made  and  of  programs  and  speakers  avail- 
able for  exchange. 

All  that  the  city  federation  may  do  for  its  con-  Tte  State 
stituent  societies  the  state   federation  may  do   in   Federation, 
the  same  degree  and   along  much   the  same   lines 
of    emphasis    for     the    denominational    societies 
within  its  boundaries.      What  form   its  organiza- 


276  The  King's  Business 

tion  shall  take  must  be  determined,  and  in  some 
cases  already  has  been  determined,  by  conditions 
of  territory.  In  its  simplest  form,  it  need  be 
nothing  more  than  a  committee  with  one  or  more 
representatives  from  every  denomination,  who 
will  meet  occasionally  to  consult  and  plan  a  con- 
certed advance  and  who  will  annually  elect  their 
own  chairman  and  secretary,  either  outside  or 
within  their  number.  Its  opportunity,  if  desired, 
will  permit  much  the  same  effort  suggested  for 
the  city  federation,  and  may  be  studied  and  devel- 
oped with  the  same  system  and  thoroughness. 
Field  The  survey  of  the  field  may  contemplate  a  two- 

Survey,  fold  service,  to  the   denominational   societies  en- 

listed and  to  the  interdenominational  interests 
throughout  the  state.  To  the  denominational 
society  it  may  be  a  great  aid  to  organization, 
helping  to  open  new  territory  and  strengthen 
weak  points.  Missionary  speakers  and  organizers 
may  be  shared,  necessary  literature  to  meet  spe- 
cific conditions  may  be  prepared,  and  uniform 
plans  and  improved  methods  may  be  adopted. 
The  problems  of  one  denomination  in  a  territory 
are  often  common  to  all,  and  studied  unitedly 
will  yield  a  common  solution. 
Development  (1)  The   City.      Denominational   interests  will 

of  Territory:   ^jgQ  j^g   furthered   indirectly  by  the  promotion  of 
^    ^  ^*  interdenominational    effort.       This    service    will 

include  the  development  of  city  federations, 
demonstrating  their  usefulness,  unifying  their 
efforts  and  correlating  their  achievements. 


The  Unity  of  the  Kingdom  277 

(2)  Smaller  Towns.      By  a  system  uniting  stra-   The  Town, 
tegic   centers  with   auxiliary   cities   and  towns  a 

league  of  co-operation  may  be  established  by 
which  stronof  central  federations  will  assist  in  the 
formation  and  nurture  of  societies  in  the  smaller 
and  weaker  churches  and  towns  adjacent.  Groups 
of  speakers  maybe  sent  out  for  special  occasions, 
a  staff  of  organizers,  missicn  study-class  leaders 
and  lecturers  may  be  formed,  and  with  slight 
expense,  the  work  of  a  state  may  be  compactly 
knit  together  by  mutual  helpfulness.  In  towns 
too  small  for  separate  organizations,  strong  union 
societies  may  be  formed  with  a  treasurer  and  a 
reporter  for  each  denomination. 

(3)  Country    Communities.      More    than    one  The  Country. 
half  the  population  of  America  lives  under  rural 
conditions,  fully  one  third   in  the   open  country. 

Country  life  problems,  the  needs,  possibilities 
and  betterment  of  rural  communities,  are  engag- 
ing the  widest  study  and  the  deepest  thought  of 
economist,  statesman  and  student.  The  church, 
formerly  the  center  of  the  life  of  the  country  dis- 
trict, is  recognized  as  the  most  potent  factor  in  its 
reconstruction.  The  woman's  missionary  society 
should  be  an  integral  part  of  the  constructive 
provision  of  the  church  for  the  women  within  its 
bounds.  Other  organizations,  the  Woman's  Club, 
the  traveling  library,  the  University  Extension 
Department,  the  Woman's  Christian  Temperance 
Union,  the  Young  Women's  Christian  Associa- 
tion,   are   seeking    out    the    country   woman   and 


278 


The  King's  Business 


Agencies. 


The  Summer 
School. 


offering  their  aid  and  counsel  in  the  culture  of 
mind  and  heart.  Is  it  not  time  that  the  mission- 
ary society  should  definitely  recognize  its  respon- 
sibility to  join  these  agencies  in  bringing  the 
vision  of  the  great  world  to  isolated  districts,  and 
that  we  should  unitedly  and  broadly  adapt 
present  plans  or  devise  new  ones  whereby  this 
tremendous  latent  force  may  be  developed  and 
utilized.  The  actual  experience  of  one  country 
church  where  the  missionary  society,  whose 
membership  comprises  practically  all  the  women 
of  the  community,  enrolling  a  larger  number  than 
the  church  itself,  meets  all  their  needs,  social, 
intellectual  and  spiritual,  might  be  duplicated 
many  times. 

A  state  committee  intent  upon  the  intensive 
culture  of  its  territory  will  mould  every  influence 
to  its  purpose.  Two  most  effective  interdenomi- 
national agencies  may  be  mentioned. 

1.  The  Sum?ner  School  of  Missions  exists  to 
train  leaders  and,  while  the  value  of  its  inspira- 
tional quality  cannot  be  disregarded,  this  must 
be  subservient  to  its  primary  aim  and  function. 
Its  purpose  is  to  train  two  classes  of  leaders, 
— those  who  will  instruct  others  in  a  knowledge 
of  missions,  and  those  who  will  organize  and 
promote  all  forms  of  missionary  activity.  To 
this  end  it  employs  a  series  of  methods  that  must 
be  clearly  graded  and  differentiated.  They  may 
be  grouped  as  educational,  technical  and  inspira- 
tional. 


The  Unity  of  the  Kingdom  279 

The  educational   methods   include  (a)  the  mis-   Its  Educa- 
sion  study  class  to  acquire  a  usable  knowledge  of  tional 
the    text-book    and    collateral    material;    (3)    the   Methods, 
limited   normal    class   for   leaders   who  expect   to 
train  other  leaders ;   (c)  the  mission  study   lecture 
which  must  epitomize  the   detailed  work    in  the 
classes  for  those   who   do   not   attend   them,  and 
complete   it  for  those  who  do.      It   must  present 
in    condensed   form   the   subject,  not   the  matter, 
of  the  text-book,  and   suggest  ways  of  using   it, 
with  illustrative  material  from  other  sources. 

The  technical  training  offered  comprises  con-  Its  Technical 
tact  and  conference  with  Board  representatives,  Methods, 
interchange  of  methods  with  leaders  of  other  de- 
nominations, opportunity  to  examine  the  litera- 
ture displayed,  and  practical  councils  and  training 
classes  in  organization  for  specialized  groups  of 
workers,  covering  all  departments  of  women's, 
young  women's  and  children's  societies. 

Among  the  influences  of  the  summer  school  Its  Inspfra- 
partaking  of  both  the  above,  but  more  directly  ^^°^^^ 
inspirational,  are  the  definite  training  in  habits  of 
prayer  and  Bible  study,  the  periods  of  united 
intercession,  the  field  messages  and  personal  con- 
tact with  missionaries,  the  addresses  by  great 
leaders  who  are  both  statesmen  and  seers,  the 
rich  friendships  formed  on  the  enduring  basis  of 
common  vital  interests,  the  rare,  intangible  atmos- 
phere in  which  large  living  seems  sane  and  normal 
and  lesser  things,  unreal  and  undesired,  and  the 
memories  that  abide  and  vivify  all  after  effort. 


280 


The  King's  Business 


Ths  Question 
of  Finance. 


Nation-wide 
Federation. 


No  serious  expense  is  attached  to  the  large 
part  of  the  interdenominational  activity  sug- 
gested. The  city  federation  is  usually  main- 
tained by  a  voluntary  offering  at  its  meetings  or  by 
a  fer  capita  tax,  varying  from  two  to  five  cents, 
based  on  the  membership  of  constituent  societies. 
Mission  study  classes,  lectures  and  institutes  have 
been  usually  self-supporting,  and  can  be  made 
oftentimes  to  yield  an  additional  revenue. 
Summer  Schools  have  been  self-supporting  or 
have  been  assisted  by  the  Central  Committee  on 
the  United  Study  of  Foreign  Missions.  Larger 
plans  w^ill  doubtless  yield  even  better  returns. 

In  its  national  scope  and  significance  we  have 
already  learned  that  federation  means  not  only  a 
fuller  service  and  an  ampler  achievement  in  our 
separate  tasks,  but  a  deepened  sense  of  our  one- 
ness in  Christ.  The  plans  for  co-operation 
developed  through  the  Central  Committee  on  the 
United  Study  of  Foreign  Missions  and  the  Inter- 
denominational Conference  of  Woman's  Boards 
of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  United  States  and 
Canada  have  taught  us  that  we  are  only  different 
divisions  of  a  great  army  with  one  aim  and  one 
Leader.  The  recently  projected  plan  for  national 
federation  of  women's  foreign  missionary  organ- 
izations seeks  to  realize  even  more  closely 
throughout  the  entire  constituency  this  conscious- 
ness of  solidarity  in  service.  Through  five  Ter- 
ritorial Commissions,  four  in  the  United  States 
and   one   in   Canada,  made  up  of  representatives 


WOMEN    WANTED 

TO  JOIN  THE 

WOMAN'S  MISSIONARY  SOCIETY! 


2,000,000  Women  Already 
Enlisted 

Opportunity   to    Know 
The  World 

Employment  Steady 

Chance  for  Advancement 

The  Society  Atmosphere 
Is  Exceptionally  Healthful 

It  Develops 

Broad  Intelligence 
Joyous  Service 

New  Delight  in  Prayer 

Apply  to 


Recruiting  Officer 

500,000,000  Women, 

Countless  Little  CLildren 

AA' ait  in  JJarkness  for 

tLe  Ligkt 


The  Unity  of  the  Kingdom  281 

of  all  Women's  Boards  in  their  respective  terri- 
tories and  joined  in  a  Central  Advisory  Commis- 
sion, it  is  hoped  to  stimulate  united  prayer  and 
study  and  that  spirit  of  fellowship  in  service 
which  will  secure  a  deeper  realization  of  the 
whole  task,  a  clearer  understanding  of  difficulties 
and  problems,  a  fuller  development  of  resources 
and  a  truer  conception  everywhere  of  the  dignity, 
scope  and  purpose  of  woman's  work  for  mis- 
sions. An  organization  of  more  than  two  million 
women,  inspired  by  a  common  spirit  of  sacri- 
ficial service,  may  wield  an  immense  influence  in 
helping  to  bring  in  the  Kingdom  of  their  Lord 
and  Master. 

But    the    Kingdom    of    Christ   will   not   come  The  Finished 
until  the  whole  spirit  of  Christ  is  manifest  every-   Kingdom  and 
where    in  individual   lives.      We   must   have   the   the  Forces 
vision  of  Christ  which  amid  the  monotonies  of  the   '^^**  ^^^^ 
trivial  and  the  commonplace  and   the  sordid  and      ""«  "• 
the  tragic  will   see  always   the  coming  Kingdom 
and  will  build   its  beauty  and   its  perfection  into 
every   detail   of  the   daily   task.     We  must  have 
the  obedience  of   Christ  which    in  supreme  sur- 
render of  all  lesser  interests  and  motives  will  not 
shrink  from  following  with  Him  the  glory  of  that 
vision  to  Gethsemane  and,  if  need  be,  to  Calvary. 
We  must   have   Christ's  conception   of  real   and 
living  unity  which  was  His  own  perfect  oneness 
with    the   Father.      When   we   reach    that   unity, 
one   with    another   and   all   with    God,    then   the 
world  will  believe  and  the  Kingdom  will  be  for- 
ever realized. 


282  The  King's  Business 


QUESTIONS 

Define  the  relation  of  a  Missionary  Federation  to  the 
individual,  to  the  local  society,  to  the  church,  to  the 
community. 

Can  you  name  any  objections  to  a  federation,  rightly 
conducted?  Can  you  give  any  reasons  for  a  federation 
of  women's  clubs  not  applicable  to  a  missionary  federa- 
tion? 

Define  the  objectives  and  purpose  needed  by  a  mis- 
sionary federation  in  your  city  or  community.  The 
work  it  might  do  not  possible  to  separate  societies. 

Study  the  societies  or  unorganized  churches  in  your 
city  that  might  be  benefited  by  a  federation. 

Study  your  own  society.  Has  it  weak  points  a  federa- 
tion might  strengthen?  In  what  ways  could  your 
societv  give  help  to  a  federation? 

Draw  up  an  adequate  plan  of  publicity  for  your 
society  and  for  a  federation  in  your  city. 

Study  the  benefits  to  your  city  from  a  large  study 
class,  a  lecture  class,  a  normal  class,  an  extension 
lecture  course,  an  institute.  Which  do  you  most  need? 
How  can  you  help  to  secure  them? 

What  can  you  do  to  improve  the  missionary  library 
facilities  in  your  city? 

What  elements  in  the  subject  of  missions  will  add 
force  and  vitality  to  the  movement  for  the  renaissance 
of  country  life? 

What  practical  aid  can  your  federation  give  to  smaller 
towns  adjacent? 

In  what  way  does  your  auxiliary  need  the  benefits  of 
a  summer  school?  How  can  you  plan  to  secure  a  large 
delegation? 

What  constitutes  a  good  delegate  to  a  summer  school? 
What  reasons  and  motives  should  influence  her  selec- 
tion? 

What  more  ca.n  you  do  to  help  bring  the  Kingdom  of 
God  in  all  the  earth? 


The  Unity  of  the  Kingdom  283 


REFERENCE  BOOKS 

Mission  Study  Classes,  Institutes,  Summer  Schools, 
conventiqns,  expositions. 

"Edinburgh  Conference  Report,"  Volume  VI, 
Chapter  VIII  (Revell). 

"Report  of  International  Mission  Study  Confer- 
ence" (Missionary  Education  Movement). 

"The  Mission  Study  Class  Leader,"  Sailer  (All 
Boards). 

"Suggestions  for  Conducting  a  Mission  Study  Cam- 
paign," Sailer  (Presbyterian  Department  Mis- 
sionary Education). 

The  Unity  of  the  Church  and  the   Coming  King- 
dom. 

"Edinburgh  Conference  Report,"  Volume  VIII 
(Revell). 

"The  Growth  of  the  Kingdom  of  God,"  Gulick 
(Revell). 

"Missionary  Principles  and  Practice,"  Speer, Chap- 
ters XLII,  XLIII,  XLIV,  XLV  (Revell). 

"Christianity  and  the  Nations,"  Speer,  Chapter  VI 
(Revell). 

"The  Decisive  Hour  of  Christian  Missions,"  Mott 
(Student  Volunteer  Movement). 

"The  Modern  Missionary  Challenge,  Chapter  X, 
Jones  (Revell). 

BIBLE  LESSON 

The    Conditions,  Elements    and    Reivards    of    Unity: 
John  xvii.  17-26. 


INDEX 


Activities  of  Women's 
Boards,  pp.  73-74. 

Administrative  expenses  of 
Mission  Boards,  p.  70. 

Aim  and  policy  in  missions, 
pp.  85,  119,  144. 

Annual  reports  of  Mission 
Boards,  p.  166. 

Apologetics  of  modern  mis- 
sions, p.  126. 

Apportionments,  p,  237. 

Automobiles,  cost  of,  p.  27. 

Auxiliary  mission  societies, 
pp.  92-129. 

Baptist  Church  in  Burma, 
p.  181. 

Bible  readings,  pp.  43,  89, 
133,  174,  257,  283. 

Bible,  a  missionary  text- 
book, pp.  196,  231. 

Book  meeting,  p.  200. 

Brown,  Dr.  Arthur  J.,  pp. 
52,  168. 

Budget,  missionary,  pp.  130, 
237,  243-245. 

Business  principles  in  mis- 
sion work,  pp.  97-100, 
128,  236. 

Calendar,  prayer,  p.  226. 
Campaigning  for   the  King, 

p.  48. 
Candy,  money   spent   in,  p. 

33. 
Card     catalogue,    pp.     123, 

128. 
Causes  of  neglect  of  prayer, 

p.  218. 
Child  marriage,  pp.  10,  24. 
Children     under     ethnic 

faiths,  pp.  14,  16. 


Child  welfare  in  America, 
p.  15. 

Children's  missionary  soci- 
eties, pp.  60,  204,  206. 

Christian  Church,  supreme 
duty,  p.  3 ;  first  centurj' 
activities  of,  p.  4 ;  Chris- 
tianity, influence  on  wom- 
anhood, p.  17. 

Christian  missions  and  so- 
cial progress,  pp.  9,  11. 

City  federation  of  women's 
missionary  clubs,  pp.  179, 
276. 

Clarke,  W.  N.,  quotation 
from,  p.  53. 

College  girls  and  missions, 
p.  208. 

Congregational  Board  in 
Turkey,  p.  182. 

Conservation  of  resources, 
p.  124. 

Contributions  to  missions, 
pp.  26-28. 

Contingent  fund,  p.  130. 

Cruelty  to  children,  p.  14. 

Dennis,  Rev.  J.  S.,  pp.  9, 
10. 

Denominational  responsibil- 
ity for  heathen  world, 
pp.  19-21,  235,  258. 

Denominational  missions  to 
be  supported,  p.  51. 

Designation  of  gifts,  p.  238. 

Division  of  labor,  p.  97. 

Drawing-room  meetings,  p. 
202. 

Edinburgh   Conference,  pp. 

29,  49,  256. 
Education   of     women,    pp. 

11-13. 


Index 


285 


Education,   a  policy   of,  pp. 

131,  135-143,  171,  217,  219. 
Educational    work    of    Con- 
gregational   Boards,  p. 

189 
Ellis,  W.  T.  pp.  8,  45. 
Evangelization  of  the  world 

in  this  generation,  pp.  24, 

48. 
Executive     Committee, 

duties    of,      pp.     116-119, 

125,  167. 
Extension    department,    pp. 

120,  130,  140. 

Field  survey,  pp.  140,  243. 

Finance  Committee,  pp.  125, 
129,  246. 

Federation  of  missionary  so- 
cieties, pp.  179,  259,  260- 
275. 

Fundamentals  in  mission 
work,  pp.  83-85. 

Funds,  collection  of,  p. 
246;  care  and  disburse- 
ment of,  p.  247. 

Giving,    pp.     29,     103,    190, 

232-234,  238. 
Gifts,  securing  large,  p.  246. 
Guest  meeting,  pp.  201,  206. 

Home  base  in  missions,  pp. 

22-26,  35,  82,  103. 
Home  department,  p.  164. 

Illiteracy  of  women,  pp.  12, 
13. 

Illustrative  quotations,  pp. 
43. 

Independent  missions,  p. 
50. 

India,  women  of,  p.  12. 

Infanticide,  p.  14. 

Interdenominational  activi- 
ties, pp.  259-283. 


Layman's  Missionary  Move- 
ment, pp.  40,  126. 

Leaders  needed,  p.  35. 

Leaflets,  p.  170. 

Lecture  class,  pp.  156,  269. 

Librarian,  missionary,  p. 
136. 

Library,  missionary,  pp. 
131,  171,  272. 

Local  society,  pp.  101-103, 
113,  114-116,  232,  256. 

Loyalty  to  established  agen- 
cies, p.  235. 

Luxuries  of  American  Chris- 
tians, pp.  28-33. 

Magazines,  missionary,  pp. 
131,  169. 

Medical  missions  in  China, 
p.  188. 

Membership  canvass,  p. 
126. 

Meetings,  pp.  142,  151,  197, 
200. 

Men  and  Religion  Move- 
ment,  p.  112. 

Menu,  missionary,  p.  153. 

Method  in  mission  work, 
pp.  96-98,  162,  236. 

Methodist  Episcopal 
Woman's  Board,  organi- 
zation of,  pp.  78-80. 

Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  in    Korea,  p.  187. 

Mission  Bands,  p.  60. 

Mission  Boards,  defined,  p. 
51 ;  range  of  activities,  p. 
52 ;  rise  of  Women's 
Boards,  p.  63 ;  point  of 
contact,  pp.  80-81,  publi- 
cations, p.  170. 

Missionary  candidates,  qual- 
ifications of,  p.  81. 

Missionary  mothers,  p.  212. 

Mission  service,  the  supreme 
social     service,     p.     8 ; 


286 


Index 


supreme    opportunity    in, 

p.    18;    obligation    of,    p. 

17;  privilege   of,    pp.    37- 

38;    fundamentals  in,  pp. 

83-85. 
Missionary  library,  p.  131. 
Mission  policy,  p.  85. 
Missionary  resources,  p.  24. 
Mission  study,  pp.  131,  156, 

157-160,  262,  271. 
Money  in  missions,  pp.  215- 

232. 
Moving     picture    shows,    p. 

29. 
Music     in      the    missionary 

meeting,  p.  231. 
Mystery  box,  p.  170,  199. 

Neglect  of  prayer,  p.  218. 
Normal  study  class,  p.  271. 
Noyes,      Alfred,     quotation 
from,  p.  41. 

Officers    in  mission  society, 

pp.  94-96,  136. 
Opportunities  in  mission 

work,  pp.  18,  35. 
Outlines  to  chapters,  pp.  1, 

47,  91,  134,  215,  254. 

Pageant  of  missions,  p.  214. 

Planning  the  year's  work, 
p.  179. 

Policy,  need  of  definite  in 
missions,  p.  85;  for  state, 
pp.  92-94;  for  local  soci- 
ety, p.  113;  suggested,  p. 
129;  of  education,  pp.  135, 
171. 

Prayer,  education  in,  p. 
222;  aids  to,  p.  225;  an- 
swers to,  p.  222 ;  interces- 
sory, p.  220. 

Prayer  in  missions,  pp.  84, 
93,  129,  197,   198,  215-230. 

Prayer  meetings  in  Woman's 
Boards,  p.  72. 


Prayer,  program  of,  p.  219. 

Presentation  of  program,  p. 
149. 

Presbyterian  Church  in  Per- 
sia, p.  184. 

Presbyterian  Church  in 
Korea,  p.  187. 

Program,  pp.  121,  139,  143, 
150,  167,  215,  233,  241. 

Program  meeting,  pp.  142, 
152,  155,  167,  176-215,  190. 

Publicity,  p.  98,  148,  267. 

Qualifications    for    officers, 

p.  94,  134. 
Questions,   pp.  41-43,  88-89, 

132,  173,  250,  282. 

Raising  money,  p.  125. 
Reaching  our   share    of    the 

world,  p.  176. 
Reading  circles,  p.  163. 
Records,     keeping    of,     pp. 

127-129. 
Reference  Books,  pp.  45-89, 

174,  252  283. 
Reformed  Church  in  Arabia, 

p.  183. 
Reports,  importance  of,  pp. 

100,  127. 
Resources  of  American 

Christians,    pp.  19-30,  49, 

92. 

Scientific  management  ap- 
plied to  missions,  pp. 
104-110. 

Secretary  of  literature,  136. 

Self-expression,  p.  215. 

Selection  of  subjects,  p.  145. 

Service,  215,  232. 

Soliciting  funds,  p.  125. 

Soul's  communion  in 
Christ,  p.  37  ;  life  in  Christ, 
p.  37;  conception  of 
Christ,  p.  38. 


Index 


287 


Specializing  in  gifts,  pp. 
192,  239. 

Speer,  Robert,  pp.  4,  11,  14, 
44. 

Standard  of  excellence,  p. 
132. 

State  mission  societies,  pp. 
92;  policy  of,  pp.  92-94; 
officers,  pp.  94,  95;  meth- 
ods, pp.  96-100. 

St.  Patrick,  p.  4. 

Stewardship,  pp.  193,  234. 

Story-telling,  p.  205. 

Student  volunteers,  p.  210. 

Sunday  Schools,  mission 
work  in,  pp.  60-61,  164, 
172,  257. 

Summer  schools  of  mis- 
sions,  p.  278. 

Taking  part  in  program,  p. 
148. 

Taylor,  F.  W. ,  principles  of 
Scientific  Management,  pp. 
104,  108. 

Task,  defined  and  under- 
taken, p.  256. 

Thank  offerings,  p.  194. 

Topics,  how  chosen,  p.  146. 

Uninterested      in     missions, 

pp.  103,  125. 
United  Presbyterian  Church 

in  Egypt,  p.  186. 
Unity  of   Christian    service, 

p.  209. 
Unity  of  kingdom,  p.  255. 

Vision  of   woman's  society, 

p.  256. 
Vital  contact,  p..  172. 
Volunteering   for    missions, 

p.  210. 

Western  women  in  Eastern 
lands,  p.  53. 


What  eight  million  women 
want,  pp.  6-7. 

White,  J.  Campbell,  pp.  19, 
256. 

Why  and  how  of  foreign 
missions,  p.  52. 

Women's  clubs,  pp.  5,  6, 
32,  55,  179. 

Woman's  Mission  Boards, 
rise  of,  pp.  53-54;  extent 
of,  p.  55;  classification 
of,  p.  57 ;  names  of,  p.  58- 
59;  constituency  of,  p.  59; 
organization,  pp.  60-63 ; 
membership,  p.  62;  rela-' 
tion  to  general  Board,  pp. 
64-65,  74-76 ;  definition 
of,  p.  66;  qualifications 
of  Board  members,  pp. 
66-67 ;  management  of, 
p.  68;  officers  of,  p.  69; 
committees  of,  p.  69;  ex- 
ecutive officers,  p.  70 ;  ad- 
ministrative expenses  of, 
p.  70;  headquarters,  p. 
71;  prayer  meetings  in, 
p.  72;  scope  of  work,  p. 
73;  independent,  pp.  76- 
77;  points  of  contact, 
pp.  80-81;  candidates,  re- 
lation with,  p.  81;  policy 
of,  pp.  85-87;  publica- 
tions of,  p.  170. 

Women's  resources,  pp.  29- 
34. 

Woman  under  ethnic  faiths, 
pp.  9,  10,  12,  22,  40. 

Woman's  work,  pp.  4,  22, 
53-55,  256. 

W  o  m  a  n  '  s  rights  and 
woman's    wrongs,    p.    204 

Young  people's  missionary 
organization,  pp.   60,  257. 

Young  women  and  missions, 
pp.  208,  210,  257,  266. 


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